Mfumukazi Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: yonena woyang'anira, zithunzi

Russian noblewoman Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, yonena zomwe anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, namwali dzina ankavala Pyatkovskaya. Iye ndi munthu wina wotchuka anthu chithunzi, mphunzitsi ndipo wofuna kuthandiza. Iwo imatchedwanso chikhalidwe kulenga, enamel ojambula zithunzi ndi luso wokhometsa. Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna anayambitsa luso situdiyo ya Petersburg, Russian zakale Museum ku mzinda wa Smolensk, Sukulu ya Chojambula (aliponso St. Petersburg), Bezhitsk ntchito kusukulu, komanso zokambirana luso-m'mafakitale Talashkino malo, amene anali naye.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: lalifupi bilayer graphene

Inde, nkhani za moyo wa munthu umayamba ndi tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake. Mwatsoka, mbiri wateteza nkhani zomwe chaka anabadwa tsogolo luso wojambula, chifukwa anali wapathengo, ngakhale noblewoman likulu. Masiku ano palibe aliyense sadziwa dzina la bambo ake. Pambuyo pa ukwati, anatenga dzina mwamuna wake ndipo anatchedwa Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. Tsiku la kubadwa kwa iye - April 20, koma chaka akusonyeza pafupifupi pakati 1865-1867. Mwa njira, pali nkhambakamwa kuti bambo ake akhoza kukhala Mfumu Alexander Wachiwiri wa Russia. Ambiri mwina, ndi chifukwa cha ichi kwambiri sikukudziŵika nkhani ya kubadwa kwake.

wosasangalala ubwana

Amayi ake Maria Alexandrovna anakwatira Claudius ndi Stefanovich Pyatkovskogo dzina lake. Chachiwiri bambo pang'ono Masha anali MP Dizen maziko - wolemera kwambiri amene anali ndi nyumba zingapo St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. Mayi sanali kutsatira mwana wake mwachikondi ndipo mosamala, ndi mtsikana anali nthawizonse kukhala osamala kuti anakwiya ake, chifukwa cha zimene wotsatira Chilango chaukali ndipo ngakhale kumenyedwa. Iye anakula woonda-khungu ndi kutsekedwa, izo zikanakhoza kupweteka Mwachidule umodzi. Komanso, iye akhala akhambawenga ndi asakhululukire. Komabe, iye anali amphamvu wofuna komanso wachifundo, palokha ndi akuchitachita. Iye akulakalaka moyo wosiyana, zosiyana ndi zimene iye anali m'nyumba ya bambo ake.

mapangidwe

Mpaka 1869 tsogolo Mfumukazi Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva anaphunzira kunyumba pansi pa maso diso la namkungwi French. Komabe, atamva za kumene anatsegula 'kusukulu, amene ankachita pa atsikana Russia ndi atsikana woyamba maphunziro, masukulu wamwamuna, anaganiza kutenga mayeso ndipo ndinalembetsa. Anayambitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi anali M. Speshnyov. wamng'ono Masha kuphunzira zinali zosavuta, ndipo posapita nthawi anakhala mmodzi wa ana oyamba a sukulu.

banja loyamba

Mu 1876, Maria anakwatirana. Mwamuna wake atakhala loya R. Nikolaev. Patatha chaka chimodzi iye anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Maria Rafailovna - tsogolo Baroness Von der Osten-Sacken. Komabe, ukwati sunakhalitse ndipo posakhalitsa unatha. Kamodzi autobiography wake, "Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: zidindo za moyo wanga," iye analemba kuti chifukwa cha chisudzulo anali zosagwirizana za mauthunthu awo ndi mwamuna wake.

Paris

Pamene msungwana wamng'ono uyu anali ndi zaka 4, Maria Klavdievna anasiya nyumba, kutenga naye mwana wamkazi. Anapita Paris, komwe anakhala nawo M. Marchesi amapilira nyimbo sukulu. Nthawiyi, Masha anayang'ana kwa mtumiki wokhulupirika Lisa, amene adzakhala nawo moyo. Posachedwa Paris kwa Maria Klavdievny Tenisheva amakhala m'tauni kwambiri, pamene iye amaona ngati nsomba m'madzi. Apa izo zonse pafupi ndi momveka. Iye amatsogolera moyo boma, anakumana ndi anthu kulenga. Pa nyimbo sukulu amakumana Rubinstein, Charles Gounod. mawu ake chibwenzi ikukula tsiku lililonse. Mwa anzake ndi Ivan Turgenev. Wojambula Makovsky komanso wokondwa kuti watenga bwalo lake la abwenzi Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. A chithunzi chake, iye analemba pansi koyamba iye pa iye.

Msonkhano woyamba ndi Talashkino

zaka ziwiri pambuyo tikukhala mu likulu French, ndi Duchess tsogolo anabwerera ku Russia ndi kutumizidwa ku munda mnzake ubwana Kitty. Mu Talashkino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti palibe chochititsa chidwi. Iye amakonda mbadwa chikhalidwe, mapiri, nkhalango ndi minda. Patapita nthawi pang'ono zina, iye pamodzi ndi mnzake anatumanso kuti Paris, chifukwa iye anafunika kumaliza maphunziro anga ku sukulu amapilira. Mu likulu French iwo anayamba paokha kuchita mbiri zaluso, pitani zosiyanasiyana zakale, tambirimbiri ndi zina zotero. D. mu Louvre Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna anakumana ndi Gilbert ndi chithunzicho uyamba iye maphunziro kujambula. Nthawi imeneyi, iye wayamba kuchita enamels.

Chiyambi cha zinthu zosangalatsa

Mu 1887, kumene anafika ku Talashkino, bwenzi anatsegula sukulu ana wamba. Iwo anaganiza osati kuwaphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, komanso angagwirizanitse kwa zamanja ndi kuwapatsa mwayi bwino moyo. Tenisheva anali patriot woona, ndipo iye ankafuna kuti mwanjira amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha dziko lawo. Mwinamwake magazi ake anauza bambo ake korona?

Kufunafuna palokha

Patapita chaka chimodzi, Mary Klavdievny Tenisheva womangidwa wodziwa Konstantin Stanislavsky. Kenako akuona kuyesa dzanja lake pa zisudzo ndi m'bwalomo. Popeza anali waluso mwachibadwa, amayamba kukonda, ndi wotsogolera wamkulu amapereka mwayi kutsimikizira yekha katswiri wa zisudzo kupanga ed a "Baloven" pa siteji ya "Paradaiso". Komabe, luso ndiwo akupambana, ndipo chikudziwikabe makalasi ake watercolor N. Golitsin, kenako akulowa School of Baron Stieglitz mu makalasi zojambula. Onsewo mabwalo luso amakumana mnyamata zojambulajambula I. E. Repinym, kenako Aleksandrom Benua, zimene zinabweretsa m'bale wake Albert wojambula.

ukwati yachiwiri

Mu 1892 iye akakwatiwa kachiwiri ndipo tsopano akupita ku moyo mkulu monga Mfumukazi Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva. Wopatsa, wabizinesi, wasayansi ndi chokha chachikulu mtima munthu, Vyacheslav amathandiza njira zonse za mkazi wake wamng'ono. Posakhalitsa, anakhazikitsa School Tenishev wotchuka mu St. Petersburg. Ukwati ndi munthu ngati mkulu ndege anapereka ubwino wake ambiri ndipo watsegula mwayi umenewu, umene iye anali asanawerengepo ndinalota. Komabe, iye alibe kupiphatisa chitukuko munthu ndi chitukuko cha phindu la zaluso zoweta. Limanenanso kuti Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva - wofuna kuthandiza m'njira loona mawu.

Moyo Bezhitsa

mwamuna wake anali Bryansk relsoprokatny zomera, limene lili mu Bezhitsa. Kubwera kuno, ku munda wake, Maria Klavdievna akuyamba kuchita zinthu maphunziro. N'zoona kwambiri ankaleza mwamuna wake. Popanda likulu sakanatha mwachita m'pang'ono pomwe anaima. Komanso anali munthu wanzeru kwambiri wolemekezeka mabwalo maphunziro, ndipo iye anali ndi malangizo othandiza kwambiri. VN Tenishev wabweza kuzindikira mayiko monga Katswiri maphunziro ndi ethnographer, wolemba wa mapepala sayansi. Koma mu Russia, iye anali anaziika mseri maulamuliro, amene mantha maganizo ake ufulu, komanso zotsutsana ndi malamulo a boma, ndi amene nthawi zina nawo mu bwalo yopapatiza wa patsogolo. Panthawiyi, mkazi wake, anadziwa kanthu za ndale, kuona kuti akufunika kukhala ndi maluso a anthu amene ali sangaukwanitse patsogolo ndi kulengeza yokha dziko. nyumba yake nthawi zonse kupita ojambula zithunzi osauka, zisudzo ndi oimba, mawu, anthu a luso. Komabe, kalonga uyu sakumvetsa, iye sakanakhoza kulekerera kuwonekera "bohemia", Sanasangalale Zosayiwalika, ndipo iye sankadziwa momwe ndalama pa kugula zinthu luso kwa deta munthu. Komabe, panali chinachake ogwirizana awiriwa anthu mosiyanasiyananso - kukonda nyimbo ndi choonadi. Tenishev mwangwiro Ndimasewera ndi cello ndi kucheza ndi oimba ambiri otchuka.

Ankadziwa Tchaikovsky

Mu 1892, chifukwa Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna anakumana ndi Tchaikovsky kwambiri. Kamodzi nyumba zawo pa Promenade des Anglais mu Amira Petersburg Kalonga angapo anakonza madzulo polemekeza Wolemba, ndi kalonga yekha anaganiza kuchita romances Tchaikovsky kwa iye. The woimba kwambiri anasangalala ndi kuimba ake, ndipo anathamangira naye kuti apite. Madzulo phindu n'zosadabwitsa wabwino, ndi wolemba sanafune kusiya, izo ngakhale mochedwa kwambiri kwa rehearsal pa Opera "Iolanta".

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: Talashkino, kusinthika

Catherine czetwertyński banja anali mwini wake wa malowo. Iye anavomera kuti agulitse kwa mwamuna wake mnzake, Prince Tenishevo, ndi kuti, kenako anachititsa mkazi wa mphatso achifumu kuphwando kubadwa. Komabe, Kitty chilolezo kubwereka moyo nakhala pa munda. Kuchokera tsiku limenelo Talashkino kusandulika kupitirira kuzindikira. Apa ntchito za akazi anayambitsa kupanga mafuta kukanikiza, chifukwa chimene chimabweretsa zida mkulu-mapeto kuchokera kunja. nthawi iyi, kalonga limasonyeza kuti iwowo ndiponso anthu ena amene sangathe yekha kukhala bohemia, kulenga ndi chikondi, komanso bizinesi kwambiri. Zonsezi ndi kunja kwa mafakitale ziwiri mitu Russian - Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, komanso mu Paris. Mozungulira munda waukulu nyumba akuyamba. Yaikulu anamanga wowonjezera kutentha, ndi mphero nthunzi, m'makola mwawo nyama, zokambirana zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukonza zipangizo zaulimi. Kufika pa ntchito Talashkino antchito kuyamba kumanga nyumba zawo. nthawi zonse Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna ntchito pa munda, iye anabweretsa yekha kwa galimoto Paris mbaathamangisamo za pa chuma chake. Ndiye pano Khotyleva atatembenuzidwa makola, chomwe 50 akavalo. Pakuti akavalo ndi madzi ikuchitika ndi madzi otentha. Ndipo obereketsa aitanidwa ku England. Kenako, atatsala pang'ono sitadi munda anamanga m'bwalolo kuti anagona kavalo ndi manyumba ogona.

Kukula kwa wambiri

Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, amene banja apo kupita Talashkino, wapeza yekha ntchito yatsopano. Iye anayamba kugula m'midzi yapafupi ndi minda. sukulu linakhazikitsidwa, anamanga kogona. Posachedwa sukulu Flenovo anayamba kulankhula m'dera lonselo. Nthawi iye anaponyamo Petersburg. Apa, mu kwawo, iye anayambitsa kujambula sukulu. Ife kuno kuphunzira, achinyamata aluso amene akufuna kulowa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Pakati pa ophunzira anali M. Dobuzhinsky, I. Ya. Bilibin, Z. Serebryakov S. V. Chehonin mwana Repina Yury, A. Pogossky, M. Chambers, Bilibin neri Al. School pa pempho la kalonga akuthamanga Ilya Repin.

Dedications

abwenzi Iskusstovedy, amene ankalimbikitsa oyambirira mu ntchito yake ndipo ndi amene anawapha mpaka ubwenzi, adayamba kudzipereka ntchito yake. Choncho, wolemba A. S. Arensky analemba zolemba kwa chikondi "Kakombo wa Mchigwa," ndipo mawu kwa iwo wapangidwa P. I. Chaykovsky. chithunzicho dzina lake Aleksandr Benua amapereka ntchito zake kwa kalonga mu systematization Tenishev Kutolere zithunzi ndi watercolors. Iye amakoka zambiri zithunzi ndi maganizo Talashkino malo. 1896 chinali chapadera Tenishevs banja. Pa chionetsero Onse-Russian m'gulu fakitale Bryansk ndi Bezhitskaya sukulu ntchito m'manja mwa Prince ndi Mfumukazi. Iwo anapatsidwa apamwamba a kuyamikira achifumu.

Apanso, Paris

Ziribe kanthu momwe Maria Klavdievna sindimakonda Russia Komabe, Paris zinafika mzinda umene iye womasuka kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano, pambuyo yopuma yaitali, ndi kubwerera mu mzinda amakonda. Apanso iyo imakoka pa maphunziro ake ndipo iye analowa Academy Julien. Mu B. kalasi zonse izo akupitiriza maphunziro ake kupenta ndi zojambula. Apa amakumana L. Bakst, m'mavuto, ndipo zimamuthandiza. Kuwonjezera apo, akugula ochuluka a ntchito mwatsatanetsatane za chithunzicho. Ndipo komabe mu Russian moŵa chosintha chisangalalo, ndi zojambula sukulu iye akuyamba kuganiza m'gulu la misonkhano yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi pakati pa iye ndi mkulu wa sukulu, Repin, mkangano likukhalira Komabe, Repin, safuna kutaya sukulu, amalongosola nkhani imeneyi akuluakulu. Mu chaka chomwecho, wina lotseguka zojambula sukulu ku Smolensk. Chiyembekezo cha kulenga situdiyo ndi kunyumba E .K. Czetwertyński banja, ndipo mutu Amasankhidwa ndi mmodzi mwa ophunzira a Repin A. Kusuta.

Collectables Exhibition

1897 ku St. Petersburg anatsegula chionetsero komwe alendo ku khoti anasonyeza watercolors ndi zojambula pa mndandanda wa Marii Tenishevoy. Za nkhani ya St. Petersburg osankhika. Ndipo zimalemekeza chisamaliro chake Tretyakov yekha. Limapereka kalonga kuti awombole ndi zithunzi ochepa, koma iye anakana kufotokoza chokana safuna kutaya kukhulupirika m'chigawo. Mwa njira, mapeto, limatithandiza mndandanda wa Russian Museum, omwe posakhalitsa choti chiwululidwe. Koma iye anati kuti iwo akanangokhoza kutenga zithunzi za ojambula zithunzi Russian. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Prince VN Tenishev amalandira kusankhidwa boma ngati Commissioner-General ndi mutu wa dipatimenti Russian pa chionetsero World ku Paris. Ndi mkazi wake, pamodzi ndi woyang'anira ndi mutu wa St Petersburg kuvina gululo wa Sergeem Dyagilevym - mu Finland, kwa gulu la chionetsero olowa luso.

Magazini "World wa Art"

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, Maria Tenisheva ndi SERGEY Mamontov kulenga latsopano chikhalidwe magazini - "The World wa Art". Ndi nthawi imeneyi ndi chithunzi cha Mfumukazi, lolembedwa ndi Serov ndi kusungidwa mu Smolensk Museum. Pa ntchito pa magazini amene anakumana ndi wojambula zithunzi kwambiri nthawi yake I.Borschevskim. Ndipo iwo anayamba kukwera pa mzinda wakale Russian ndi zithunzi za zokopa m'dera lanu magaziniyi.

enamel luso

Patapita nthawi, pambuyo polenga magazini, wabwerera akale chilakolako chake - enamel luso ndi amakhazikitsa wapadera luso sukulu ku Smolensk. Ambuye amene amagwira nawo ntchitoyi kuyambira akatunge mpingo anamanga likuvutika Tenishevs banja. fakitale njerwa inamangidwa chifukwa ameneyo.

zinthu zina

M'zaka zingapo lotsatira tapangidwa ambiri Tenisheva pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Russian, onse ambirimbiri. Anatsegula zisudzo, zakale, zoimbaimba anapatsidwa ndi zina zambiri. Mu Moscow sitolo "Spring" analengedwa, amene anagulitsa katundu chopangidwa zokambirana Talashkino. Nyumba Tenisheva mu Talashkino nthawi zonse otchuka. Apa pakubwera ngakhale yekha Sergei Diaghilev. Chifukwa cha ulimi 1905 masitolo Talashkino atsekedwa, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu salinso ndalama "World wa Art" magazini, ndipo iyenso chatsekedwa. Maria Klavdievna, kutenga chopereka wake wapatali, wotumidwa Paris ndi bungwe chionetsero ndi. Kukhala likulu French, chikudziwikabe kuchita enamel luso. Mu 1907, iye anabwerera ku Russia, iye amaphunzira kuti iye anali kupereka udindo wa nzika aulemu a Smolensk. Mu 1912 Tenishev Museum anali ulemu ndi ulendo kwa Mfumu ya onse Russia Nicholas II.

World loyamba

Mu 1914, ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo, anatsegula mu Smolensk chipatala cha asilikali. Maria Klvdievna sangathe kukhala opanda chidwi, ndipo amagwira ntchito mu izo, ndipo akutumikira monga galimoto zonyamula ovulala. Nicholas II akubwera ku chipatala moni ndi mphoto asilikali. Mfumu kutamandidwa Mfumukazi wakutemwa ndipo anamuthokoza chifukwa utumiki wake ku dzikolakwathu. Mu 1915-1916. Tenisheva iye ntchito pa nkhani yolembedwa wake komanso kuteteza izo. The October kuukira boma likuyandikira. Zachikhalidwe mu dziko amaundana ndi Tenisheva akuvutika maganizo kwambiri. Pamenepo October, ndipo iye anakumana ndi gulu la anthu ankathawira kum'mwera kwa dziko, kumene anawolokera France, komwe ankakhala mpaka 1928.

epilogue

Mu nyumba yake momasuka pang'ono anayamba kukaona ambiri aluso wotchuka. Nthawi imeneyi, anayamba kugwira ntchito pa buku lake, lomwe linatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino. Mfumukazi Tenisheva anamwalira mu 1928 mu ukapolo, koma mzinda amakonda. Iye sanafunse konse kachiwiri adawona mayi wake wokondedwa Russia. nyumba yake Parisian otchedwa Talashkino yaing'ono.