Konstantin Makovsky: moyo ndi ntchito ya chithunzicho. Konstantin Makovsky: bwino chithunzi, yonena

Wambiri ya wojambula Makovskogo Konstantina lero chosokonezedwa ndi m'bale wake otchuka Vladimir - amadziwika nthumwi ya Wanderers. Komabe, Constantine wasiya chizindikiro chake pa luso kukhala akuluakulu palokha zojambulajambula.

banja Makovsky

Labambo Makovsky ziri zodziwika bwino pa luso Russian. The bambo Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky anali luso otchuka mu Moscow, ndi zojambulajambula ankachita masewera. Iye anakonza "m'ziwawa sukulu 'kwa amisiri amene anadzakhala Sukulu Moscow wa Painting.

Banja wakhala analamulira mzimu kulenga n'zosadabwitsa kuti ana atatu Yegor Ivanovich anakhala amisiri. nyumba zambiri ankabwera abwenzi atate wake - amisiri Karl Bryullov ndi Vasily Tropinin, kukumana pano angakhale ndi wolemba Gogol, wosewera Shchepkin, Glinka wopeka nyimbo. Banja nthawi zonse anakonza zolembalemba ndi nyimbo madzulo, makani luso anali. Onse ameneyu mapangidwe ana. Wamkulu Konstantin Makovsky ananena kuti kupambana mu kupenta, iye afunika yekha kwa bambo ake, amene anali wokhoza kuthetsa m'chikondi chake ineradicable luso.

Banja anali ndi ana atatu: mwana wamkulu Constantine, mwana wamkazi wa Alesandere ndi mng'ono - Vladimir. Chuma m'banja anali wodzichepetsa, koma analamulira mzimu wa luso kwathunthu kulipidwa chifukwa zovuta zonse.

ubwana Konstantini

Kuyambira ndili mwana, Konstantin Makovsky atamizidwa luso zoona, iye samadziwa moyo uliwonse, ndipo anali kuyembekezera kusankha njira ya chithunzicho. ana onse m'banja m'banda anayamba kudzatunga.

Kostya, monga mwana woyamba wa banja, anayamba ndi kunena kuti iye anali pafupi bambo ake ndi mabwenzi ake, pamene anakambirana zojambula ndi mapulani awo, waona komanso zojambula anasonyeza. Zonsezi anapanga maganizo zokongoletsa ndi zofuna za mwanayo.

kupeza luso

Mu 1851, Konstantin Makovsky akulowa sukulu bambo wa zithunzi, zosemasema ndi zomangamanga. akuthandizeni wake anali kumeneko - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Apa, mu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za mnyamata anapanga wojambula ndekha, view original wake wa dziko ndi anamuphunzitsa ndizosowa luso zithunzi.

Mu sukulu anali wophunzira woyamba walandira mphoto n'kotheka. Mu 1858 Konstantin analowa Academy of Tirhana ku St. Petersburg - yabwino yophunzitsa bungwe m'munda wa luso mu Russian Ufumu. Pophunzira wake, iye nthaŵi anasonyeza ntchito yake pa chionetsero wapachaka wa Academy, ndipo ngakhale analandira n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi pa ntchito yake "The wothandizira wa wonamizira Dmitri kupha mwana Borisa Godunova."

Mu 1862 Makovsky akuyamba kufunafuna njira zojambulajambula, monga academicism zinkaoneka wotopetsa ndipo chakale.

Njira luso

Konstantin Makovsky (zithunzi, mbiri ya wojambula ali m'nkhani ino) akuyembekezera kalembedwe wake, iye akufuna kusonyeza dziko mumtima mwake. Mu 1863 iye pamodzi ndi khumi ndi zitatu amisiri ena anasankha nawo mpikisano Grand Zikho Gold wa Academy of Tirhana, akukana kujambula, utverzhdennnuyu maphunziro.

Iye anasiya sukulu, ndi Makovsky ndipo sanathe kupeza diploma ya maphunziro. chochitika unadziwika ngati "kupanduka kwa khumi ndi zinayi". The Zionetsero chinali chifukwa chakuti aluso ankafuna ufulu kulemba ndi ntchito pa mutu free, koma Academy sanafune kupita kukakumana nawo. Ndipotu, anali kupandukira ukapolo wa academicism ndi chizindikiro cha akutulukira sukulu ya Kuzindikira, imene Konstantin Makovsky adzakhala amathandiza kwambiri.

Mu 1863, chithunzicho akulowa gulu I. linanso lofotokoza ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo akutulukira polemba chinenero kupenta. Mu 1870 Makovsky anakhala mmodzi wa initiators ndi inspirers maganizo a kulenga Association aluso oyendayenda ndi ntchito yambiri, kufotokoza zochitika za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Iye anasonyeza ntchito onse pa zisudzo maphunziro, ndi kampani ndi Wanderers. Mu 80 ntchentche Makovsky kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri wolemba okonzera zithunzi ndi zojambula pa nkhani za mbiri yakale. Mu 1889 iye analandira n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi pa chionetserocho luso mu Paris mndandanda wa ntchito.

Makovsky chinthu maburashi anali zithunzi zakale, moyo wa anthu, moyo. Mwachikondi ndi ethnographic molondola analemba zovala ndi kulowa kwa zilembo. Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche chithunzicho ochuluka kutembenukira kwa nzika za mbiri yakale, analemba chithunzi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, "Boyarsky phwando la ukwati m'zaka XVII" imene apambananso kwambiri ndi anthu ndi otsutsa. Monga zinalengedwa zithunzi zambiri anthu osiyanasiyana.

Cholowa luso la Konstantin Makovsky ali pafupi zaka zana zojambula, ambiri a iwo lalikulu, lalitali epic (lero iwo amwazikira zopereka payekha ndi owonetsera zakale padziko lonse lapansi). Komanso nawo kamangidwe wa Cathedral kwa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo mu Moscow.

wokhometsa

Konstantin Makovsky, amene zojambula tsopano chinthu tcheru la okhometsa, iye akhali nyakukumbusa kwambiri. chilakolako Izi analandira kuchokera kwa bambo ake, amene zosiyanasiyana zinthu luso ndi Zosayiwalika.

Ganizo m'chigawo anali kukonza ndi wojambula mu mawu akuti: ". Wokongola akale" Adatengedwa ndi nkhani za mbiri yakale, anasonkhanitsa ziwiya zosiyanasiyana ndi ziwiya, zovala, ndi onse amene amakopeka ndi kukoma olondola a chithunzicho.

Pa entrainment wamba lathu, Makovsky wayenda ku chigawo cha Russian, kugula zinthu banja ndi zovala. Ulendo ku East Onjezani ku magulu ambiri zinthu kum'maŵa banja, makalipeti, zodzikongoletsera zovala. Motero, kwa 80 chaka TH wa nyumba wojambula zinali zambiri monga Museum kuposa malo anthu.

Akutsutsa zopereka zambiri anali ngati maziko kwa chilengedwe cha zojambula. Choncho, mu "Boyarsky phwando la ukwati mu XVII m'zaka", otsutsa onani mfundo mwangozi mphindi zovala zakale ndi ziwiya za nthawi. Ndi chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Makovsky anali mmodzi wa Russia ndi okhometsa lalikulu, ndipo ntchito yake kwachititsa mafashoni kwa kusonkhanitsa minibasi mwa bohemians ndi bourgeoisie.

Konstantin Egorovich amanyadira kwambiri m'chigawo wake, mosangalala anasonyeza, napereka zinthu zisudzo zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, icho chinapangidwa bungwe yobetcherana, amene anayika 1100 katundu, ndi chifukwa kuti mkazi wamasiye uja anali wopulumutsidwa pa hafu miliyoni rubles, ndi zinthu anapita zopereka za anthu ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Koma, mwatsoka, khamu okhulupirika akhala kusweka, ndipo yaitali ntchito Makovsky anapita zidutswa.

ntchito yabwino

Konstantin Makovsky, zithunzi zabwino, mbiri, amene ali koma kukhala chinthu kuphunzira luso, anasiya chuma chachikulu. Mwa mabuku wotchuka kwambiri ndi: "Imfa Ivana Groznogo", "Phwando Boyar Morozova", "Chibugariya ofera", "Minin pa Nizhny Novgorod Fair", ". Mkwatibwi wa kusankha Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich"

The moyo patokha chithunzicho

Konstantin Makovsky anayenda kwambiri, anakhala kwa kanthawi Paris, maulendo atatu kuti Africa, ndi zonse izi Polemeretsedwa ntchito yake, kumene mungapeze maonekedwe a chimakono nascent. Pakuti kuyenera wake luso Makovsky anali kupereka ndi Legiyo Ulemu ndi St. Anne.

chithunzicho anakwatiwa katatu. mkazi wake woyamba anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndi wachiwiri iye linatha. Onse anali ndi ana asanu ndi anayi, amene pali ojambula zithunzi ndi antchito chikhalidwe.

Pa September 30, New kalendala 1915 galimoto anagogoda munthu - kotero unafika kumapeto, Konstantin Makovsky. Moyo ndi ntchito ya wojambula anakhalabe mu mbiri ya kupenta Russian ngati tsamba zofunika kukhala Kuzindikira.