Gangut nyanja nkhondo (1714): kufotokoza, zimayambitsa, mbiri ndi zotsatira

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za nkhondo Northern, chifukwa chimene Russia kudula kupyolera "zenera Europe" wake wotchuka, anali Gangut panyanja nkhondo. Zinali chigonjetso choyamba pa undefeated Russian Swedish zombo. Kukumbukira kuti anayambitsa holide - Tsiku la ulemerero lankhondo la Russia, yomwe chikondwerero chaka pa August 9, tsiku lokumbukira nkhondo.

The nkhondo pakati pa mphamvu awiri fleets

Ndi kasupe wa 1714, Russia anatenga kum'mwera onse Finland, ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za malo wofunika. Koma ena nkhondoyo dziko sizinakukwanire. Kutuluka kwa Baltic Nyanja anafunika kugonjetsa zombo Swedish, momasuka kulamulira madzi ake. Ndi udindo umenewu ndipo anakamba ndi Peter Ine pamaso pa lamulo la squadron Russian.

Mu June, panali panafunika kulimbikitsa magulu asilikali asunga analanda asilikali Russian Abu doko, ndi yofunika njira chinthu. Chifukwa chaichi, kuti kugombe la Gangut anam'tumiza zombo nainte-naini ndi kupalasa molamulidwa ndi F. M. Apraksina. Iwo wapangidwa ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri galleys ndi scampaways makumi awiri (ziwiya zedi kwa mayendedwe a asilikali). Asilikali a Sweden anali kuyembekezera maonekedwe a m'dera la zombo Russian, kenako anasamukira kukakumana zombo zawo lonse, lotsogoledwa ndi wotsatila asilikali Gustav Vatrangom - odziwa za panyanja mkulu, amene anaphunzira ovuta zokhudza nkhondo.

Gangut nkhondo - ndi duel wa kupalasa ndi sitima

Mosiyana ndi Russian kupalasa zombo pa mikono Swedish anali makamaka panyanja ziwiya, amene analenga phindu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kudalira nyengo. Pakati zombo mdani anali frigates zitatu, khumi ndi zisanu Nkhondo, awiri bomba-Galiota naini galleys lalikulu. Choncho, pa mbali ya asilikali a Sweden anali preponderance bwino nkhondo anapanga F. M. Apraksina mthunzi mu Tverminnskuyu Bay ndi kuligwira pansi pa chivundikiro cha zilumba kwa pafupifupi mwezi.

Atalandira uthenga msampha, amene anagunda Russian zombo, Peter ndinathamanga kuti thandizo lawo. Iye atsogolera squadron anachokera Revel ndi 20 July anabwera Hanko. Pofuna kukhala incognito, mfumu chinabisidwa dzina lake lenileni pansi pa pseudonym Petra Mihaylova. Pano, mdani anasonyeza monga otchuka panyanja mkulu. Gangut panyanja nkhondo kunali kupambana kwa Russian zombo chifukwa analemba iwo wolimba mtima ndi choyambirira dongosolo.

Mwatsatanetsatane kusuntha kwa Peter I

Kugwiritsa ntchito mbali Hrs a pachilumbachi, Peter Ine anakwanitsa tactically outplay Swedish wachiwiri-asilikali. Poyambitsa pomanga gawo narrowest za izo popenyana ndi doko limene linatsekeredwa flotilla Apraksin, otchedwa Perevoloki. Zinali chipika yazokonza pansi makilomita awiri m'litali, anakafika ku banki wina ndi mzake, amalola kuukoka pa izo oletsedwa zotengera ku mbali ina Peninsula Bay-Rilaks fjord. Kukhazikitsa ngati dongosolo sangalole kutulutsidwa kwa anatseka misewu zombo.

Pa chiphaso cha nkhani iyi linzake, Gustav Vatrang yomweyo anagawa asilikali ake m'magulu awiri nawatuma m'madzi Rilaks Fjord Flotilla, analamula kumbuyo asilikali N. Erensheld. Ntchito yake inali kuwonongedwa ndi moto cha zida zankhondo awo Russian zombo pa iye mozemba kudutsa Korinto lapansi. Gulu lachiwiri la zombo analamula wotsatila asilikali Lille, anali, monga mwa dongosolo lake kuukira mphamvu yaikulu ya Russian. chigamulocho. zomveka ndithu, komabe munali kulakwitsa, omwe anakhala koopsya kwa bulu Swedish.

Yojambula Russian squadron

mugawo ili la magulu ankhondo ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito mfumu ya Russian. Nyengo tsiku limenelo - 6 August - anali windless ndi bata, monga mukudziwa, amaba pa sitima za ubwino waukulu - maneuverability. Chifukwa cha mphatso ya tsoka squadron ngalawa Russian molamulidwa ndi MH Zmaevich adalikung'ambika ndi kupalasa anamaliza zombo Swedish ataima opanda dangling ku matanga a. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda akanakhoza kuyang'ana chabe pa wosalankhula mkwiyo mdani chisawawa monga mtunda kwambiri pakati pawo ndi zombo Russian saloledwa ntchito mfuti.

Pambuyo kuphulika koyamba ndi detachment chachiwiri, wopangidwa mwa zombo 15. Popeza anachita mchitidwe uwu, unit Zmaevicha anamaliza chilumba ndi chodabwitsa wathunthu wa asilikali a Sweden, anazungulira magalimoto awo, kuyembekezera dziko kudutsa Russian flotilla. Kenako Vatrang bwino mantha. Iye totupa kwambiri anachoka detachment kutsekereza flotilla Apraksin, akali Tverminnskoy Bay. Potero anatsegula m'mphepete mwa nyanja waterway ndipo anapereka makhoti mwayi watsekedwa ndi kulumikiza ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya kupalasa zombo kugumula kwa vanguard la zombo za.

Pamene nkhondoyi zinachitika Gangut

Mbiri za nkhondo panyanja adzasunga muyaya m'mbiri ya umboni zapadera luso lake mwatsatanetsatane ndi mtima munthu wa a panyanjawa Russian. Kuchokera mu zolemba za zaka tikudziwa kuti tsiku zombo anali mbali ya kumuwombera Erenshelda ndi m'magulumagulu pafupi kugombe la kumpoto kwa chilumba cha, zinaukilidwa ndi vanguard la zombo Russian.

Swedish wotsatila asilikali anamanga mzere awo concave, m'mbali mwa amene anafika zilumba. Izi anawapatsa zinthu zina kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo ndipo anathandiza kulimbana ndi kuukira awiri oyamba. Koma wachitatu anali oopsa kwa iwo. Zakhala zotsutsa flanks ndipo potero sanalole mdani kuti kwathunthu mwayi pa zida zankhondo awo.

Last chiphaso nkhondowo, anakhala chigonjetso

Mfundo chidwi: Gangut nkhondo pansi Peter 1 anali womaliza, yomwe zotsatira anazindikiritsidwa chiphaso nkhondo. Amadziwika kuti tsiku mfumu Russian yekha anathamangira kwa sitimayo, ndi kukwera mmwamba chingwe pa bolodi ndi chombo mdani, anali chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi. Posachedwa zombo zonse mdani anagwidwa ndi anthu mamembala a anthu okonza awo, amene anali mwayi zokwanira kukhala moyo, unatengedwa mkaidi.

Gangut nyanja nkhondo (1714) inatha ndi kulanda wa flagship wa Swedish ngalawa "Njobvu". Kuwonjezera iye, Russia akhala zikho zambiri zombo khumi anali pansi pa lamulo la wotsatila asilikali Erenshelda. Ena mwa zombo awo anatha kumasuka ndi kuthawira Islands Åland. mkaidi linatengedwa ndipo Erensheld. Ngakhale izi mwayi tsiku chabwerera ake akale galu nyanja, si akumenya manyazi ndi kuomberedwa kasanu, iye anapereka oyendetsa Russian okha kukopeka ndi mosalephera.

Zinthu zimene anali ngati chigonjetso Russian

Ofufuza amakono anamucha zinthu zazikulu, zimene panali wogonjetsa mbiri Gangutskaya nkhondo. Mwachidule iwo akhoza oyambitsa luso momwe lamulo la zombo Russian, waluntha mwatsatanetsatane maganizo, kulola ntchito za ubwino opepuka kupalasa zombo pamaso chilikupita - wamphamvu kwambiri, koma zochepa m'manja, komanso flotovodcheskie kwambiri khalidwe la Mfumu Petra Velikogo.

Mpaka pano, ofufuza palibe kugwirizana pa chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda kugwiridwa ndi amalinyero Russian ndi zombo Swedish. Baibulo anapereka pamwambazi zachokera umboni wa mbiri yakale underdog, ndipo zikubweretsa kukayikira. Pali zifukwa zokwanira kukhulupirira kuti ndi zoona chimodzi chokha, ndipo zina ziwiri ndi kuyambitsa kwa asilikali a Sweden, amene ankafuna mwanjira kuthandiza Kusakhazikika ndiye kutchuka kwa zombo zake ndi kusonyeza kuti chigonjetso anapita ku mtengo Russian lolemera.

Kutanthauza kuwina Gangut

Choncho, tsiku limenelo akadali yekha akutulukira Russian Navy anapambana panyanja wake woyamba nkhondo. Gangut Russia inali akutulukira latsopano wamphamvu apanyanja mphamvu. Izi kwambiri, ndinayamba kutchuka kwake pakati pa maiko ena a ku Ulaya ndipo analola kuchita zokambirana pa maziko ofanana ndi mafumu a mayiko otchuka dziko. Komanso, athana 1714 panyanja nkhondo Gangut zimakhudza kwambiri pa njira yaikulu ya nkhondo kumpoto.

Ndi kupambana, magulu Russian pansi anatha uzigwira ntchito pa gombe la Gulf wa Finland ndi Gulf wa Bothnia. Ndipo ngakhale kugonjetsedwa okwana Sweden anali zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma pambuyo Nkhondo ya Poltava Gangut nyanja nkhondo - woyamba lalikulu kupambana kwa nyanja - kusonyeza dziko irreversibility za ndondomeko ya kukhala ngati Russia ndi mafasho mu ndale za dziko.

Kupambana kwa opambana

Mu September 1714, opambana anadza ku St. Petersburg. Apa iwo anakumana ndi gulu la nzika wachangu anayenda pansi arches ndi mwapadera anamangidwira Arc de Triomphe. Iye anavekedwa fano la mphungu Russian atakhala astride njovu. Elephant - kotero anamasuliridwa dzina la Swedish flagship "Elephant." Akumaliza zophiphiritsa nditaona akuti: "Russian mphungu sichitipeza ntchentche."

Pakuti Gangut panyanja nkhondo Peter ndinali kupereka mutu wa wachiwiri-asilikali, limene bwino choyenerera, anapatsidwa udindo wake kutsogolera mu lamulo la zombo ndi luso kusankha aluso vuto zovuta mwatsatanetsatane. mphoto anapatsidwa ndi ophunzira ena ambiri nkhondoyi.

Pomwepo atabwerera ku likulu la anthu okonza anali zinapangidwa zikwi oyendetsa mendulo "Pakuti chigonjetso cha Gangut", koma, malinga ndi zosiyana, iwo analibe kulemekeza zonse wolemekezeka okha ku nkhondo, mu zaka ziwiri, nambala iyi anali katatu. mphoto apadera linapereka alonda. Russia ali Olemekezedwa ngwazi, chifukwa chimene nkhondo adagonja Gangut. Nyanja mphamvu mphamvu popanda chifukwa wakhala ankaona yofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi cha mphamvu zake chitetezo.

zombo analanda

zombo Mzinda asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anatengedwa kupita ku St. Petersburg. Iwo anaikidwa kuti kuonera onse pamodzi Kronverkskaya ducts kumpoto alekanitsa Petro ndi Paulo Linga pa gawo la kumtunda kumene ndi zida zankhondo Museum lero. Mwa iwo anali flagship wotchuka ngati "Njobvu".

Peter Ndinasangalala kwambiri za iye monga chikumbukiro cha chigonjetso cha ulemerero, ndipo analamula kuti ntchito m'tsogolo ntchito ya usilikali, ndipo anakonza, kufika ku gombe ndi kupanga za izo ngati chikumbutso. Ife anatero. Kamodzi yoopsa nkhondo anaima pa gombe mpaka chaka cha 1737, koma kwathunthu yoola, sanali ankaiphwasula nkhuni.

Mpingo - chikumbutso kwa oyendetsa Omveka

Gangut panyanja nkhondo ankanena miyoyo ya anthu ambiri Russian, koma makamaka Swedish oyendetsa. Pakati pawo, anthu 361 m'gulu akufa ndi 350 anavulala. Pakati amalinyero Russian wolimba ndi imfa ya anthu 124 anaphedwa ndi 342 anavulala. Polemekeza chigonjetso anapambana pa tsiku pamene Mpingo Orthodox amakondwerera chikumbukiro St. Panteleimon, mpingo inamangidwa St. Petersburg. Pa wapakamwa ake analimbitsa mwambo nsangalabwi zolengeza, lomwe limati dziko ndi nyanja kugwirizana amene ankachita nawo nkhondo.

Mpingo mu nthawi 1735-1739 gg. Iye anamanganso motsogoleredwa ndi odziwika bwino Russian katswiri wa zomangamanga I. K. Korobova ndipo wafika ife mu mawonekedwe kusinthidwa. Anthu ambiri amadziwa nyumba iyi, yomwe ili mu mzinda pa ngodya ya msewu Pestel ndi Salt Lane. Kotero iwo unali moyo imeneyi ndi chipilala cha zomangamanga Gangut nkhondo - woyamba Russian panyanja chigonjetso.

nkhondo nyanja Grengam ndi chitetezo Hankey

Mpingo wofanana ndi chipilala cha chigonjetso lina laulemerero la zombo Russian, apambana mwa mu 1720 mu nkhondo ndi zombo Swedish kwa chilumba Grengam. Gangut umboni ungwazi la Russia ndiponso pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Pa nthawi imene iye anatchedwa ndi Hanko chilumba. Kosatha analowa mbiri ya podziteteza, umene unayamba mu masiku oyambirira kuukira German pa dziko lathu inatenga masiku 164. Za iwo akufanana chikwangwani inali kutsogolo kwa mpingo wa St. Panteleimon, pa tsidya lina la msewu Pestel.