Sorbs amakhala kumene? Sorbs (mgwirizano wa mafuko)

Sorbs - wamng'ono osiyanasiyana gulu la panopa alipo, limene lili ndi gulu la anthu Asilavo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ali m'banja la munthu wa amakezana anthu a Europe - Polabian Asilavo, pamodzi ndi Serbia, Croatia ndi Asilavo ena okhala Balkans lero. Koma gwero limodzi la Serbia ndi awo Sorbian anzake zingadziŵike okha mothandizidwa ndi kusanthula DNA. N'chifukwa chiyani anthu awa fraternal zosiyana lero? Ndipo chifukwa Sorbs, zithunzi satchula kulekana champhamvu cha chilengedwe German, kotero nkhawa adziwane dziko? Izi m'nkhani ino.

Polabian Asilavo - wakale Asilavo mtundu

Polabian Asilavo anali boma zawo anayambitsa Union of Mafuko: lutici, bodrichey ndi Serbia. Kugwirizana kwa mafuko - njira lililonse yokonza mphamvu achikunja Asilavo, mwachindunji ndi zipembedzo kupirira. Zifukwa cholinga, bungwe lotero mphamvu sakanakhoza kupirira limati zambiri mwapang'onopang'ono Mkhristu unakhazikitsidwa pa dera la ku Ulaya. Kubatizidwa European otchuka sanafune kuti zigawenga mnansi zachikunja. Za m'mutu zigawenga Asilavo Wolemba mbiri zambiri wakale Tacitus, amene ananena kuti anthu amenewa ndi chitsanzo cha Union Polabian mafuko. Choyamba encroached pa maiko Asilavo wa Polabian zambiri Karl Veliky. Koma m'deralo anatha kubweza nkhondo ya chachikulu mtsogoleri wa asilikali oyambirira Ages Middle ndi kugwira ntchito mpaka m'zaka 9, pamene boma mgwirizano wa mafuko inagwa pozunzidwa mwankhanza wa asilikali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma - Henry, amene zifukwa zachipembedzo sindikufuna kukhala moyandikana io osati kokha, komanso ethnos, amene anali a Asilavo mgwirizano wa mafuko, chifukwa chakuti anakana Chikhristu pa nkhope yake. Kuyambira ndi Henry Ine, onse wotsatira olamulira German ankafuna yankho germanization Polabian Asilavo. Ndipo ngongole awo, iwo ali nazo zoipa zinachitika chifukwa lutici ndi bodrichi Chijeremani ngakhale pansi Henry Ine, ndi kokha Serbia anapitiriza lodalirika awo.

Kumayambiriro ang'onoang'ono boma Polabian Serbia

Mu 7 m'ma centenarian anthu Pofunafuna Polabian Asilavo, mmodzi wa mafuko linali la ukwati, anakumana ndi chilengedwe cha dziko la Serbia Polabian, limene lili malire a kum'mwera a East Germany. Panthawi imeneyi ku Serbia anasamukira ku Balkans, kuthandiza Byzantine wolamulira Konstantinu Bagryanorodnomu mu nkhondo Avar Khanate, pa nthawi imeneyo, ikuimira owononga osati kwa Byzantium, komanso a dziko lonse la Europe. Serbia, pamodzi ndi Czechs ankachitika anawazunza Avars ndi kulimbikitsa pansi pa Wachifulanki Mfumu Charles. Kenako anasamukira anthu Chisebiya mu Balkans, anakhazikitsa boma masiku ano umadziwika Serbia.

Mu 10 m'ma zigawenga Achisaxon Korol Genrih Fowler kutha kwa Elbe Serbia, nalanda dzikolo ndi kuika iwo kuti boma la Saxony. Chifukwa cha mtundu umenewu, ku Serbia kulekanitsidwa.

State-Obodrits bodrichey

M'zaka za m'ma 11, chifukwa bwinobwino wochitidwa ndi kugalukira, ndi Germany anathamangitsidwa kuchokera m'mayiko Polabian ndi kubwezeretsedwa boma Chisebiya linkadziwika kuti ukulu Obodrits-bodrichey. boma ndi populata ndi Sorbs, dziko limene anali oyambirira ang'onoang'ono mphamvu ndi chikhulupiriro ofukula mphamvu kalonga. Mu ulamuliro wa Prince Golshtaka ukulu anakwanitsa kugwirizanitsa mayiko onse Polabian, kuphatikizapo Mecklenburg ano, Shlezvik-Holstein ndi mzinda Ljubica, German Lübeck.

Golshtak kwa Polabian Serbia anali ngati Prince Vladimir a Lazaro. Iye ankadziwa kuti zonena za mayiko German m'mayiko Elbe ndi achipembedzo chinachititsa, koma chifukwa ufumu wake chinali kudzaonekera kulibe mpaka Kampeni lotsatira, pokhapokha Serbia, amene chipembedzo - miyambo yachikunja mipatuko, sadzavomereza Chikhristu. Golshtak wopita kwa atabatizidwa kale pa nthawi ndi Czechs anavomera ubatizo m'mayiko Polabian. Prince mwachangu anakuphunzitsani Chikatolika anthu ake ndi bwino kwambiri imeneyi. Iwo ananena kuti kukana zambiri zachikunja monga Mwachitsanzo, mu Norway ndi Ireland, analibe Polabian Serb. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti likulu la chipembedzo yachikunja Polabian - kachisi wa mulungu wamkulu Svetovid ili pa chilumba mu nyanja ya Baltic - anawonongedwa kale mapangidwe a Danes ukulu Obodrits-bodrichey. Choncho zonse, kuti anasonyeza Serbia ndi achikunja zapitazi awo, anali mwambo ndi mobwerezabwereza ku mibadwomibadwo, usanachimvetse zomwenso zawo ndi chikhalidwe.

Mapangidwe mitundu Sorbs

Kukhala mkhalidwe chawo, Sorbs (kunyumba kwa ambiri a nzika anzawo) amadzitcha Serbia kapena sorbitol. The Germany anawaitana Wendy. M'zaka za m'ma 13, ngakhale zachikunja za boma Obodrits bodrichey izo anagonjetsedwa Franco-German Akhristu, ndi m'mayiko Polabian anagawidwa margraviate okhala ndi Ankhondo German ndi amphawi la atsogoleri achipembedzo. Khalidwe la Akhristu German chifukwa adani a Yerusalemu, cholinga cha Nkhondo za Mtanda anali ofunika kupatula Papa ndi anamuperekeza wake. Okha atsogoleri a Akhristu, sinachokere Italy, nakhumba, pansi pa amati za mtanda, kuti mukulitse Mabuku awo. Ndipo iwo Ankhondo ankafuna chabe adzafunkha chuma chake mu zina zochepa wamphamvu pankhondo States.

Pambuyo pa liquidation wa Sorbs ukulu Obodrits-bodrichey potsiriza anakhala ku chithaphwi, amene anamutchanso kwa gulu ili mitundu ina. Ndi Sorbs, ndi ethnographic amazionera, ndi Serbia amene anatsalira ku Europe chapakati pambuyo Balkan kusamuka, m'mayiko ili kumpoto panopa Bavaria ndi kum'mwera Saxony.

Mu 1076 mtendere pangano ndi Czech Republic Henry IV mwapatsidwa dera lake, limene anthu a Sorbs, pamene palinso Ankhondo Achisaxon ndi osawuka wake. Sorbs kukhala pansi Czech ulamuliro anakonzeratu vekitala zina za chitukuko pa njira zosiyana koposa cha Balkan Serbia. Czechs, ngati Sorbs, anthu Asilavo amene anachita sizikhudza dziko Lusatian, ndipo analandira iwo monga mphatso kwa dziko ndi boma German. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti Sorbs anatenga inalowa ku Czech Republic monga phindu, choncho yogwira chikhalidwe kuwombola anayamba pakati pa mitundu iwiri. Czechs anabatizidwa Mkatolika Sorbs, ndi Czechs Sorbs anatengera mbali zambiri za zovala wowerengeka ndi mbale chikhalidwe, monga msuzi wa meatballs ndi mazira yophika. Mphamvu Czechs nakhudza lilime. Choncho, panopa chinenero Sorbian wa gulu West Asilavo. Pa nthawi yomweyo m'chinenero choyambirira Polabian Chisebiya, Asilavo-Chisebiya, amatanthauza panopa South Asilavo malongero onsene.

Mphamvu ya banja lolamulira la Habsburg ndi funde watsopano Germanization

Relations pakati pa Czech Republic ndi Germany ukasintha anasintha kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Habsburg mafumu omwe anathandiza kusuntha m'dera Czech, amene anthu a Sorbs (amenenso kunyumba kwa Germany), ndi German otchuka. Germany mofunitsitsa anasamukira m'mayiko ena, popeza pamenepo kupereka zokonda lonse. lamuloli wa Czech Republic nakhalanso germanization Sorbs, amene anakhala ndi kovuta kusunga chizindikiro chawo. Pofuna malo abwino kwambiri anthu, Polabian Serbia anathamangitsidwira kuchoka m'dera lawo ndi kwathunthu kuphatikiza ndi anthu chachikulu German.

Chithaphwi mu zikuchokera kwa Länder German

M'zaka za m'ma 17 Lusatia anali ceded kuti Saxony. Mafumu a boma anali odzipereka kumbali ya absolutism, kudziyerekeza ndi mafumu aakulu ndi autocrats a ku Ulaya. Ngakhale pambuyo kukwaniritsidwa kwa English ndi French bourgeois kusintha kwa limati German, makamaka Saxony, anakhalabe okhulupirika kwa miyambo chakale cha royalism.

zinthu sanasinthe ngakhale pambuyo mapangidwe a German Ufumu 1871. M'mayiko German anali ogwirizana pansi chiyambi limodzi ndi kudalirika kwa mtundu waukulu German limati onse German. Mu lingaliro ili, ndithudi, sichinkagwirizana wa Asilavo gulu la anthu amene ali amatikumbutsa mfundo yakuti Germany si mtundu lodalirika pa m'mayiko a kummawa ndi moyo wawo kwambiri.

Chithaphwi mu German Ufumu ndi Republic Weimar

Pambuyo pa reunification la Germany Culture Sorbs anali ikuchepa. Mu matope zoletsedwa malangizo m'chinenero chawo, ntchito chinenero zinalembedwa zikalata zofunikira pa zizindikiro mzinda ndi malo onse. zikondwerero Sorbian wowerengeka ankatengedwa masiku ntchito. Polabian Serb pansi tsankho ntchito. Pezani kuntchito pafupifupi luzhichanin akanakhoza kokha ngati mwangwiro analankhula German ndi Achisaxon kapena ka Bavarian. Ambiri mwa Serbia m'deralo, amene mayi lilime anali Sorbian, analankhula German ndi khutu zachilendo pafupifupi German ka. Choncho luzhichaninu akanakhoza kukana ntchito kokha chifukwa cha silinkakwaniritsa kulankhula bwana.

Kugonjetsedwa mu First World nkhondo ndi kulengeza Republic Weimar, mfundo za demokalase, oddly mokwanira, kodi si bwino, amene panali Sorbs. Photos wa anthu okhala chithaphwi pa nthawi, anasonyeza zotsatira za zaka za Germanization. Chiwerengerochi Public Sorbs mobwerezabwereza anapempha League of Nations kutipatsa anthu ake dziko udindo ochepa monga mbali ya boma German, koma mapemphero otero si anakumana. Zikuoneka kuti anthu m'mayiko sanafune zina kungapondereze pa kutsitsimuka dziko la Germany kale manyazi reparations ziletso, malipiro a amene anagwa pa mapewa a anthu anaonera. Komabe, komabe si zotheka kupewa kuphulika ina chauvinism ku Germany ndi sanali kuzindikira Sorb ochepa pa nthawi, mwina ankaimba gulu mitundu pa dzanja.

Sorbs pansi Anazi

Sorbs ndi anthu Asilavo yekha, amene anakwanitsa kuthawa zapachiweniweni pamene kuli ulamuliro wa Hitler. Kwenikweni, zimenezi analimbikitsidwa ndi Anazi German pomeshannost pa chiphunzitso cha chitukuko chachikulu wakale ndi udindo zamatsenga a mtundu German mu dziko ano. Nazi ankaona anthu German m'banja la Aryan chachikulu - anthu okhala m'mayiko German mu masiku amakedzana. Mozama kwambiri mbiri German, Nazi Asayansi sanathe kubisala kapena kunyalanyaza kuli mgwirizano wa mafuko Polabian Asilavo, kotero Goebbels propaganda makina wakhala anazindikira anthu a ku Middle Ages kum'mawa kwa Elbe, ndi Germany. Izi zinaphatikizapo dera ndi amene kwa zaka zambiri anthu a Sorbs, kunyumba kwa Czechs, amene, monga mwa Nazi anali kosamugonjera Germanization, mosiyana ndi lodalirika zhitelely m'mayiko Czech.

Malinga ndi Hitler, ndi Sorbs anali Germany amene amalankhula Sorbian, mwachitsanzo chinenero Sorbian. Pachifukwa ichi, Polabian Asilavo, amene poyera anatsutsa National Socialist boma, wakukhala ndi ufulu wofanana ndi Germany. Komanso, Sorbs, chithunzi mfundo imeneyi akhoza ngakhale kuvala zovala mtundu wawo. Koma zokambirana izi akadali ankamuona ngati zotsala. Choncho, zinthu zambiri, kwa nthaŵi ya Ulamuliro wa Nazi Sorbs anataya ufulu wawo kudzidziwa dziko chilango cha chargeability kuti kayendedwe kukana, ndipo saukitsidwa ndi mzimu a mtundu wa ana awo.

Sorbs pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Pambuyo kugwirizana Red Army chithaphwi utsogoleri Soviet anavomereza Sorbs fraternal mtundu wa Asilavo komanso mu njira iliyonse kulimbikitsa dziko lawo kukhalanso. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale zopempha zambiri Polabian Serbia sanathe kupeleka kudziyimira pawokha mu GDR, koma kudziwika monga anthu, ndi ing'onoing'ono dziko tikukhala mu East Germany. Mu zolemba zake, Lev Gumilyov otchedwa relict Sorb Asilavo anthu.

Sorbs lero

Pambuyo German reunification mu 1989, kukhazikitsidwa kwa osiyana m'mayiko Sorbian-Chisebiya mu Republic of Germany Federal ayambanso zogwirizana. Mbali mwakhama thandizo la ku Central Asilavo European zowonetseredwa ndi mutsogoleli wa USSR Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachov. Koma boma la Germany sanayambe mukufuna kupereka Sorbs monga kudziyimira pawokha chachikulu, zikuoneka oopa popititsa kukhudzana ake ku Soviet asilikali ndale malangizo. Komabe Polabian Asilavo anapatsidwa bwino kuphunzitsa ana awo m'chinenero chawo, ntchito chinenero Sorbian ngati nduna ku malo amene moyo poyera maholide ku dziko lawo ndi kuti adziwane dziko m'njira zina.

Koma Sorbs ano, amene chipembedzo si chimodzi, kudzikonda kudziŵitsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ukhale muulamuliro Czech mu nthawi ya nkhondo Hussite unakhudzadi kwambiri pa mbiri ya gulu mitundu. Today dera la Sorbs lagawidwa wotsika ndi Upper Lusatia. The Serbia mu mbali zomwe agulu lotsogolera ali mwini makamaka chinenero chake ndi miyambo, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, Upper Lusatia lachikatolika, ndi kutsikira - kwathunthu Chiprotestanti.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu a m'madera onse kudziwa mzake monga Polabian Asilavo - wotchuka mitundu gulu, mbali ya gulu la anthu Asilavo. Ndipo aliyense luzhichanin akuti mtundu wake - Serb.