Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich: yochepa yonena

Mwana wa ndakatulo awiri otchuka anali Lev Gumilyov. Wambiri, moyo ndi zotsatira za mbiri yakale iyi chidwi kwambiri chifukwa osiyanasiyana anthu. Ndi lowonekera onse monga munthu ndi monga mwana wa ndakatulo lalikulu. Nazi zifukwa ziwiri kuti adziwane nawo pafupi.

Gumilev Lev - mbiri Russian, ethnologist, Doctor wa Geographical ndi Historical Sciences. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso cha mafuko ndi anthu ngati siyana ndi biosocial. Leo anaphunzira ethnogenesis, bioenergy lake lalikulu, lomwe anaitana passionarity.

Origin ndi ubwana

October 14 1912 mu Tsarskoye Selo anabadwa Gumilev Lev Nikolaevich. Mwachidule yonena za chidwi wake chifukwa chakuti makolo ake anali wamkulu Russian ndakatulo A. A. Ahmatova ndi N. Gumilev. Gumilyovs ukwati unasweka mu 1918, kenako mwanayo amakhala ndi mayi ake, ndiye agogo ake Bezhetsk. Amadziwika kuti unansi wake ndi kumvutitsa Andreevnoy wakhala kovuta. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu - Lev Gumilyov kwa makolo awo.

Maphunziro ndi kumangidwa pankhondo

Leo, mu 1934 analowa Leningrad State University, mphamvu ya History. Komabe, pambuyo chaka choyamba anali yoyamba ija. Posachedwa Lva Gumileva anatulutsidwa koma iye sanali kutsindikiza maphunziro. Kale pa 4 TH chaka mu 1938, anamangidwanso kachiwiri chifukwa chakubwera m'gulu wophunzira zigawenga. Gumilyov m'ndende zaka 10 m'misasa. Kenako, tsoka lake mtima. Tolstoy ayenera kutumikira 5 wazaka mawu mu Norilsk. Ikadzatha nthawi imeneyo, mu 1943, iye ntchito mu Turukhansk ndi pafupi Norilsk. Ndiye Gumilev anapita kutsogolo. Iye anamenyana mpaka chigonjetso cha gunners odana ndi ndege. Kuti Berlin anabwera Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich. Mwachidule yonena za sayansi, monga mukuonera, osati zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha zipambano m'munda wa mbiri.

Chitetezo wa nkhani yolembedwa loyamba

Tolstoy mu 1946 mayeso kunja pa University, kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Institute of Studies Oriental, kumene anaphunzira sukulu maphunziro. PhD wake nkhani yolembedwa anali wokonzeka, koma mu 1947, wasayansi, anachotsedwa anayambitsa chifukwa cha chosankha cha magazini "Leningrad" ndi "Star" anavomera Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b). Izi kusamvana natsutsa zilandiridwenso Anny Andreevny Ahmatovoy. Ngakhale onse, Tolstoy akadali anakwanitsa kuteteza nkhani yolembedwa wake ndi thandizo la Leningrad academia.

kumangidwa atsopano

Mu 1949 Gumilev Ln yonena Mwachidule ake anamangidwa kachiwiri, ngati inu mukuona, lili ndi kumangidwa. Iye anatulutsidwa yekha mu 1956, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kwathunthu asintha khalidwe lawo. Kunapezeka kuti zinthu zachiwawa sapezeka zimene ENU. Total Tolstoy anamangidwa maulendo 4. Okwana iye anali kuthera mu m'misasa Stalin kwa zaka 15.

Digirii dissertations ndi mabuku Gumilyov

Tikaonanso Leningrad, Gumilyov nawo ntchito osakhalitsa mu Hermitage. Mu 1961, iye bwino kwambiri nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii pa "Ancient Turkey zaka VI-VIII.". Akatswiri anatenga ntchito pa Institute of Geography, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu Hrs wa Leningrad State University. Apa iye ankagwira ntchito mpaka pantchito umene unachitika mu 1986.

Geographic digiri Gumilev Lev kumbuyo mu 1974. Komabe, Commission chitsimikizo sanavomereze madigirii ake. Pamanja ntchito Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis ndi biosphere a Dziko Lapansi" analetsedwa kulalikira, koma nawagawira mu samizdat.

Only mu 1959 anayamba mwachangu kufalitsa Lev Gumilyov. Wambiri ndi ntchito yake osati mwangozi ndi chidwi chachikulu mu mabwalo sayansi. Iye amakhala mapepala oposa 220, kuphatikizapo monographs angapo. Mu positi-Stalin nthawi malingaliro a Lva Gumileva kudzudzulidwa m'mabuku boma koma kale pakhala palibe mazunzo ndi iye. Only mu 1980s oyambirira. otaya mabuku ake anaimitsidwa mwachidule. Lvu Gumilevu anali kulozera nkhaniyi ku Komiti ya Central. Iye analemba kalata pa lamulo mabuku awo. D. S. Lihachev ndi olemba mbiri ena a nthawi adamuthandiza.

moyo

Kunena ochepa anapulumuka moyo wake Lev Gumilyov. Wambiri, banja ndi ana - onse chidwi mafani wake. Pa moyo wa Leo Tolstoy, sikuti tidzapita mwatsatanetsatane. Komabe, nkhani zikuluzikulu tisaiwale. Mu 1967 anakwatira Gumilyov N. V. Simonovskoy, wojambula (zaka za moyo - 1920-2004). Iye anakumana ndi mayiyu June 1966. Banjalo akhalira limodzi kwa zaka 24, mpaka imfa ya Leo Tolstoy. Malinga ndi maganizo a anthu ena, ukwati anali wangwiro. Mkazi Gumilyov pamoyo wake wonse. Anasiya bwalo lakale anzanu ntchito. Kusankha zochita Tolstoy ndi chikhumbo ake kuti ndi ana: zinali zaka 46, ndipo iye pamene wokondedwa wake - 55.

Ubale ndi Slavophiles ndi nationalists

Gumilyov zapadera kuwuka mu kutchuka zachitikira pambuyo Soviet. mabuku Ake zinasindikizidwa mu Mabaibulo yaikulu. maganizo Political wasayansi, amene ananena mu wailesi ndi televizioni, m'nkhani wake anali onse odana Western ndi odana Communist. Izi zimapangitsa iye chizindikiro cha odana liberalism. nkhani yolembedwa Tolstoy wonena za "Asilavo-Turkic kudalirana" anatengedwa Russification kumayambiriro kwa 90s lapansi. anthu awa kukhala ndi maganizo oyipa ndi maganizo a asayansi goli chiguluchi, m'malo mwa njira, amantha. Mfundo pamwamba anatengedwa ndi Slavophiles monga kulungamitsa ndi mfundo yatsopano ya boma Russian. anthu Nationalists Turkic okhala USSR, umatchedwanso Tolstoy a. Kwa iwo, Gumilev Lev anali ulamuliro unquestioned.

"Chiphunzitso chakuti ethnogenesis" ndi sayansi

Gumilev ankaona kuti iye ndi "Eurasian lomaliza." Komabe, analenga "chiphunzitso cha ethnogenesis" amatikumbutsa Eurasianism yekha mu mawu ambiri. Ku maganizo a sayansi, ngati mbiri, ndinaganiza wasayansi akhoza kukhala chiphunzitso. Komabe, Gumilev Lev analankhula kwenikweni kwa Soviet anzeru luso, ndi azambiriyakale anzake. Pamene anzeru luso kukhwima otsimikiza kuti mbiri ya Soviet Union - ali chida cha mabodza, osati sayansi, kuti falsified. Tolstoy a kungoganizira mbiri linachititsa kukayikira asayansi si monga anatsimikizira. Komabe, "chiphunzitso cha ethnogenesis" pamaso pa mafani kwa ENU sasiya. Leo woweruza mbiri chifukwa cha mmene timaonera wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe ndi anzeru zawo sayansi chochepa kusweka kuposa anthu.

The chakudya yaikulu ya chiphunzitso cha ENU

Lev Gumilyov anamanga chiphunzitso chakuti pa mfundo yoti "mafuko" - mtundu wa zamoyo kwachilengedwenso. Iwo ali ndi nyengo pa unyamata, kukhwima ndi ukalamba. Gumilyov m'gulu angapo mafuko osati magulu mwachindunji mitundu, komanso zandale, zachipembedzo ndipo ngakhale akatswiri. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti chibadwire imfa, zimatenga 1200-1500 zaka. Malinga ndi mfundo wasayansi wa zikamera wa magulu atsopano a chikhalidwe ndi chifukwa cha "mokhudza mopupuluma", umene ukuchititsa ku cheza danga. Pali ena amene "Kugwirizana" wina ndi mzake, ndipo palibe amatsutsa. Kuwonjezera wathanzi, pali "chimeric" sioneka mitundu, zamoyo parasitic ena. Healthy komanso mgwirizano zosiyanasiyana ndi njira nyengo malo ndi "unamwino malo" ndipo zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi makhalidwe.

Gumilev analenga zamoyo wake, pofuna kumvetsa chifukwa, mu Ages Middle ndi amakedzana mu Great steppe anati undulations ndi kudya njira yosiyanasiyana. Ndithudi, iwo kawirikawiri anali, mwa njira ina, yogwirizana ndi kusintha nyengo. Choncho, kumlingo yolumikiza asayansi malo ndi ethnos wolungamitsidwa. Komabe, "chiphunzitso cha ethnogenesis" anataya yonena za chifukwa mtheradi Gumilyov ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Mawu akuti "passionarnost", wokwatibwa ndi Lev Nikolayevich, anayamba moyo wawo. Asayansi ntchito pofotokoza activism mtundu wapachiyambi. Tsopano Komabe, mawu si kuchita ndi Gumilev ndi "chiphunzitso cha ethnogenesis."

June 15, 1992 ku St. Petersburg, anafa Lev Gumilyov. Wambiri, banja ndi cholowa wasayansi akhala mwachidule nkhani imene ife. Tsopano inu mukudziwa, kotero kuti anakhala wotchuka kwambiri mwana wa ndakatulo otchuka awiri Russian.