Russian mfundo odana ndi okhawo

Economy - sayansi wapadera, mtundu wa mtendere ndi zotsutsana ndi mavuto, mavuto ndi malamulo. Dzikoli ndi zamatsenga ndi zovuta, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, aliyense lotseguka ndi mwaukhondo. Makamaka anthu amene mukufuna kuti agwirizane ndi kutenga nawo mbali mu ndondomeko.

Si nthawi zonse chuma anganeneretu kuti njira zina za zochitika, koma zingasonyeze mfundo zachuma.

sayansi ndi anthu amene ali palokha ndipo amayesetsa ufulu chuma, komanso wokonzeka kwenikweni njerwa ndi njerwa kuti amange ndalama zawo bwino.

Mugone Market m'dziko lathu zinali zovuta. Abwino, iwo anayamba mu 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20, pamene anakhazikitsa chofunika ndalama kufalitsidwa, chifukwa imene 1897 anayambitsa golide muyezo.

Nkhaniyi zachokera mchitidwe chitukuko dziko, komanso zomwe ndi chiphunzitso cha zachuma. Apa tikambirana mfundo ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika a boma, ntchito zake ndi makhalidwe. Pakali pano, mutu ndi wamsanga kwambiri komanso wofunika.

Ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika malamulo a boma ikuphatikizapo microeconomic ndi m'maphunziro chiphunzitso, zomwe amachita ndi zinthu za Mwachangu wa okhawo a msika, ie, wa mpikisano ungwiro. Komanso misika okhawo zachilengedwe ndi mphamvu ya boma lamulo.

The Gawo mfundo mpikisano ndi odana ndi okhawo lamulo kumabungwe mulibe malamulo oletsa owona zachilengedwe, zomwe mosamala kwambiri alipo chiphunzitso chuma okhawo, komanso okhawo achilengedwe.

Kumene kunali odana ndi okhawo ndondomeko ndi malamulo ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika?

Chifukwa cha n'zotheka kutaya moyo ambiri anayambitsa lamulo ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika. Dziwani kuti kwambiri zinthu zovuta za ntchito ndi chitukuko cha malingaliro za mpikisano. Kuti tithane ndi zikamera wa ogulitsa malonda latsopano zazikulu ndi kulamulira khalidwe lawo - vuto ndi mosavuta kuposa kuonetsetsa mwayi wofanana ophunzira msika ndalama kuti alimbikitse mpikisano zazikulu, etc.

Okhawo ndi mpikisano

Monga tikudziwa, mogwirizana a kapezedwe ndi kufunika atadza pa msika. Onse ogula ndi ogulitsa kusinthitsa katundu popanda choletsa pa mpikisano kwambiri misika pa dongosolo ubale msika. Limagwirira kuti zochimwazo kumathetsa kwambiri za mavuto a zachuma a anthu - mpikisano. Kuyambira mawu Latin likumasuliridwa kuti "nkhope" kapena "converge". Okhawo mwini ndi yaikulu likufotokoza mbali yaikulu ya danga msika patsogolo.

Chitetezo cha mpikisano ndi okhawo

The predominance owona zosiyanasiyana msika yafupika limodzi konsekonse analandira zotsatira - kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtengo wapatali msika palokha. Pa malamulo amene amasonyeza kudalira ndalama okwanira ndi anthu, ntchito poyamba.

M'mayiko otukuka, nkhondo yomenyana ndi okhawo a boma ali. Ndipo ntchito yaikulu ya malamulo antimonopoly ankaona kuteteza yophuka kuphangira kuletsedwa ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya makampani okhawo, amene Kuneneratu za ogula milingo mtengo mwini.

Pakali pano, ku Russia Makampani lalikulu akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu, monga nthawi analola ndi kuphangira achilengedwe.

Support kupikisana ndi odana ndi okhawo mfundo

Maziko a lamulo pa chitetezo cha mpikisano mu Russia - lamulo "Pa mpikisano ndi kuletsa ntchito monopolistic pa misika chofunika". Iwo anavomerezedwa mu 1991 ndipo wakhala mobwerezabwereza wodzilemekeza ndiponso anasintha. mfundo odana ndi kusakhulupilika ndi ndondomeko aphedwe - miyambo ndi miyambo ya mayiko osiyanasiyana, zinachitikira m'mbuyomu a boma kulamulira moyo zachuma.

Ndithu ndondomeko munthu pothandizira mpikisano - kupewa mpikisano kuponderezedwa. Maziko - lingaliro kupikisana wabwinobwino, kudalira kutetezedwa mwachindunji mwachindunji mtundu wa umwini.

Antimonopoly Policy mu Russia anatenga mtembo kuti kakusintha angapo kusinthika mu September 1998. Choncho, State Committee Antimonopoly anadzatchedwa Utumiki Akuluakulu a ku Russia pothandizira entrepreneurship ndi mfundo mpikisano. Ndipo mu April 2004 izo zimasintha n'kukhala Federal Antimonopoly Service.