Zachilengedwe ndi ntchito mu Spain

Spain - wokongola ndipo umakhala osiyanasiyana Ulaya kuti amasamalira zinthu zachilengedwe. Kodi lili ndi boma? Kodi mchere wolemera Spain?

zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma cha dziko ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Zimenezi zinathandiza Spain mosavuta kukhala zovuta zake mafakitale komanso kutenga malo ake oyenera mwa maiko kupereka msika zokopa alendo padziko lonse.

Ufumu wa Spain: ambiri zokhudza dziko

España (dzina dziko mu Spanish) - zimachitika palokha lili ku Iberia, wachitatu waukulu mu Europe. Administratively, dziko lagawidwa zigawo 17 yoyenda yokha ndi zikuphatikizapo zigawo 50. Komanso, Spain ndi subordinated angapo madera otchedwa mwayekha (plazas de A soberania). Iwo zili Africa North ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Chaka Spanish ufumu wa maziko mphindi 1515. Lero ndi aphungu (oyendetsera dziko) mafumu.

Spain, zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo zinthu zimene zosiyanasiyana zokwanira, kwa zaka zambiri unachitikira pamwamba mayiko makumi awiri mu mlingo chonse zachuma kukula mu dziko. Komanso, dziko Europe ndi sewerolo yaikulu ya ulimi. Apa izo bwinobwino osauka ulimi, ulimi nyama, viticulture, komanso nsomba.

zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma cha Spain (mwachidule)

Mu ena nyengo amakhala anthu a dziko lino? Zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe ku Spain? Mwachidule yesani kuyankha mafunso awa mu gawo limeneli.

Spain - mmodzi wa mayiko ambiri lamapiri Europe. 35% ya m'gawo lake lili pamalo okwera 1,000 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Komabe, nsonga kwambiri sapezeka. The chimbuzi cha Spanish kumtunda - Mulhacén phiri (3480 m).

Ambiri, mpumulo boma tinganene motere: chapakati okwera ndipo akakhala mbali ya pafupifupi kumbali zonse ndi unyolo phiri lomwe kuwasiyanitsa nyanja. Otsika ku Spain zatenga malo kakang'ono. Kwenikweni, kutambasula pamodzi zigwa zikuluzikulu mtsinje ndi kugombe la Mediterranean.

Nyengo zachilengedwe ndi osiyana ndi Spain. Dziko tinganene kuti ngati otchulidwa ndi sunniest mu Europe. Wapakati chiwerengero cha masiku dzuwa pano ranges kuchokera 260-280. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha mocheperapo akugwa pansi pa ziro, ndi m'chilimwe thermometer apite kwa madigiri 40 Celsius. Spain lonse mitsinje - ndi Tagus, Duero, Ebro ndi Guadalquivir.

Spain zina zachilengedwe (mchere makamaka) omwazika mu madera ake ali m'goli kwambiri. Ndi mbali iyi, izo si vuto wokonda wosiyana kwambiri kutukula a dziko. Choncho, gawo kumpoto kwa Spain ndi zambiri anayamba m'mafakitale, ndi kum'mwera, m'malo mwake, imatengedwa m'mbuyo. Apa pali apamwamba zotheka mlingo ulova la dzikolo.

Mwatsatanetsatane mapangidwe a zinthu zachilengedwe ndi malo a Spain

zachilengedwe wa Spain, komanso boma lina lililonse la dzikoli, ayenera kutchulidwa pa ndandanda zotsatirazi:

• thandizo;
• nyengo;
• madzi zoweta;
• nthaka chivundikiro;
• nyama ndi zomera;
• mchere ndi madera;
• chuma ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe.

Zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi malo zosiyanasiyana

Spain nthawi zambiri amatchedwa dziko kwambiri lamapiri Europe. 90% ya m'gawo lake aphimbidwa ndi mapiri ndi zitunda zathyathyathya. Pafupifupi theka la pamwamba Spain - m'dera Meseta (waukulu mu Europe). gawo kum'mawa kwake limagwirizana ndi yokutidwa ndi mpira pakatikati pa miyala nyanja. Koma mbali ya kumadzulo ya Meseta kwambiri kuligaŵa ndi zolephera ndi zigwa za mitsinje.

Mu kumpoto kwa Meseta yochepa kwa mapiri Cantabrian, amene nawonso, ndi kupitiriza kwa Pyrenees. Wamphamvu ameneyu dongosolo phiri tichipeza zitunda angapo yomweyi kutalika makilomita mpaka 450. Pyrenees kugonjetsa zovuta: Wapambana zonse zili pamalo okwera pa 1,500 mamita. N'chifukwa chake njanji onse kuti kulumikiza Spain ndi m'mayiko ena a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, anyalanyaza dongosolo phiri kuchokera kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Mu zigawo chapakati cha Pyrenees mungapeze njira mpumulo chiyambi glacial: magalimoto, pamasewera ndi ufa.

Kuchokera kumpoto mphonje Meseta Sistema Ibérico. Iwo uli pano ndinkakhala nalo mitsinje yambiri yaikulu ya Spain. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo anthu ochepa a dziko.

Kum'mwera kwa Spain, kugombe Mediterranean motsatizana mapiri Andalusian. Mwa awa, ndi khamu la Sierra Nevada ku chimbuzi ku dziko - pachimake cha Mulhacén. Kutalika kwa Sierra Nevada yekha Alps akhoza kupikisana Europe.

Plain Plain ndi zatenga 10 okha% ya malo okwana Spain. Onse a iwo wapangidwa zipangizo alluvial, koma chifukwa cha nthaka awo - ndi lachonde kwambiri. The lowland yaikulu ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko (Andalusian).

Relief kawirikawiri kuthandiza kuteteza zachilengedwe la Spain ndipo chuma chake. Wamphamvu mapiri chilumba cha Iberia nthawi zambiri ankaimba udindo wa malire odalirika ndi insuperable kuteteza dziko kwa adani ankhanza.

mbali nyengo

Kusintha kwa nyengo ku Spain kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Avereji kutentha pano zosiyanasiyana malire lonse kwa madigiri 14 kuti 20. Mwa kuchuluka kwa masiku dzuwa chaka, Spain amauza malo oyamba mu Europe ndi Greece.

Nyengo ya chigawo chapakati cha dziko yodziwika ndi kuzikonzanso chokhala. The m'chilimwe ndi motentha ndi nyengo - ozizira. "Patatha miyezi itatu ozizira ndi miyezi inayi a ndende" - ndi imodzi mwa mawu otchuka pakati pa anthu okhala m'dera la mapiri Meseta.

Kufalitsidwa kwa mpweya komanso zofunika osiyanitsa. Asayansi nyengo conventionally anagawa Spain mu "youma" ndi "yonyowa." The malire pakati pa zigawo ziwiri izi udzadutsa mapiri Cantabrian. Choncho, mu "chonyowa" Spain, zomwe zikuphatikizapo Basque Country, wotchedwa Galicia, Asturias ndi mbali ya Pyrenees, mvula pachaka pafupifupi za 900-1000 mamilimita mvula. Onse a dziko ( "ziume" Spain) si zoposa 500 mamilimita mvula pa chaka.

Features a Natural Resources a Spain (makamaka nyengo) kulenga zovuta ndithu kwa chitukuko cha ulimi komanso madzi a midzi ambiri m'dziko lonselo. Pafupifupi 60% a m'mayiko asayansi boma amati ngati louma.

madzi Inland ndi chikuto nthaka

Dziko ali mwachilungamo yaikulu mtsinje maukonde. Komabe, ambiri mwa Spanish Mtsinje osiyana madzi otsika ndi amadzimadzi wosakhazikika boma. Ambiri a iwo ndi osaya mu chirimwe kapena adzauma kwathunthu. Kuwonjezera Spain hydrological zachilengedwe ali omangidwa kwambiri anagawira m'dziko lonselo, imbaenda kuwapotoza kwambiri madzi a m'madera yake yosiyanasiyana.

Chivundikiro nthaka Spain ndi yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa thandizo zovuta, variegated dongosolo Geological ndi chidwi osiyanitsa nyengo. Choncho, kumpoto chimakhala chogwidwa ndi podzolic burozomy ndi peat bogs kumadzulo - dothi acidic a mtundu Mediterranean, ndi kum'mawa, ndi Balearic Islands - mtundu louma nthaka (burozomy ndi sierozems). The dothi kwambiri chonde wambiri otsika ndi zigwa za mitsinje ikuluikulu. Ndi m'madera a mbewu dziko mofulumira kwambiri osauka.

Biota

Pakuti nyama ndi zomera za boma amakhala ndi mitundu koposa. Mu floristically Spain palimodzi imatengedwa dziko wolemera Europe. nkhalango Large kuphimba pafupifupi 30% ya m'gawo lake. Komabe, m'mbuyomu anali yokulirapo.

Yobiriwira thundu nkhalango kukula mu zigawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko. Mapiri ndi mitundu yofala mitengo deciduous ndi mumamera phulusa, mgoza ndi birch. Mu zitunda zathyathyathya lamkati la Spain anasunga mathirakiti a m'nkhalango youma masamba obiriwira ndi zitsamba. mitunda theka chipululu angapezeke pa Aragon yachonde ndi ku New Castile.

The zomera la Spain akuonekera bwino kuda onse zinyama Ulaya ndi ku Africa. Apa alipidwa bulauni chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, mphaka zakutchire, agwape ndi nyama zina lililonse kwa chapakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Mu Spain mukhoza kupeza ufumu mphungu, genet ndi mongoose Iguputo. Onse a mitundu amenewa akupezeka pa mbali ina ya Khwalala la Gibraltar.

mwapadera zapatsidwa kwa Spanish (kapena Pyrenean) Lynx - mmodzi wa nyama rarest padziko lapansi. Iye alibe oposa zana anthu tsiku. Iwo akukumana nyama iyi yokha m'madera a mapiri ndi akumidzi a kum'mwera kwa Spain. Ku Spain ameneŵa amphaka wamba ang'onoang'ono ndi zioneke bwino mtundu.

chuma mchere mu Spain: akukhudzidwira kuwunika

Dziko si atsogoleri dziko popereka chuma mchere. mchere ambiri Spain ali zoitanitsa (kuphatikizapo mphamvu). Komabe, makampani migodi apa bwino anakamba, makamaka a kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa dziko.

Zisanu mchere Spain yofunika kwambiri akhoza lagawidwa motere:

• Iron miyalayo.
• Malasha.
• Mkuwa.
• Patsogolo.
• Mercury.

Komabe, ambiri a nkhokwe kumunda ndi yaing'ono. Choncho, ambiri, Spain angatchedwe amadalira pa katundu chuma mchere wa dziko.

mchere miyalayo

boma ndi koposa zonse, wolemera mu mchere zachitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Spain anapeza madipoziti wachuma wa nthaka, kutsogolera Mercury, manganese, ndi pyrites mkuwa. Total nkhokwe ya chitsulo ores ku Spain - biliyoni 2.5 matani. Mu kumpoto, pali madipoziti kwambiri malata ndi tungsten.

Mu nkhokwe kutsimikiziridwa wa ureniamu ores Spain ali pamalo achiwiri Europe ndi Mercury inventories - malo oyamba mu dziko. Olemera miyala ya cinnabar ili m'chigawo cha Ciudad Real ndi pa magombe a mtsinje Baldeasage.

Komanso, matumbo a Spain ali wolemera kwambiri mu galasi. Makamaka, iwo ncho mu otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa Sierra Morena. Komanso mu Spain, pali siliva m'matangadza, golide, molybdenum ndi titaniyamu.

Mafuta ndi mphamvu mchere ndi zipangizo zina yaiwisi

Spanish gawo mphamvu chuma, tsoka, si choncho wolemera. Minor miyala ya malasha akupangidwa kumpoto kwa dziko (m'zigawo za Oviedo ndi Leon), mu Basque Country ndi Asturias. Spanish malasha, kawirikawiri otsika khalidwe.

Mafuta ndalama zochepa chabe ndiponso kamapangikira Catalonia Burgos, gasi - mu Aragon ndipo Cadiz. Kufukulidwa nkhokwe ya mafuta Spain si kiyubiki mamita oposa biliyoni.

Pali nkhokwe lalikulu salt potassium refractory dongo, kaolin wa ndi fluorspar. Mu ambiri zigawo za Spain (wotchedwa Galicia, Asturias, Valencia, Guadalajara ndi ena) mwachangu umabala zipangizo zomangamanga. dolomite ichi, miyala, nsangalabwi ndi choko ndi apamwamba.

zachilengedwe ndi ntchito mu Spain

Mwakhama ntchito zachilengedwe padziko lonse mafakitale inayamba mu Spain mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri. Lisanaperekedwe, dziko anakhalabe underdeveloped boma agrarian. Zomveka ntchito ndi ziyenera mokwanira za zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma cha Spain kuloledwa kutembenukira mu mafakitale-agrarian dziko, amene mawu a chitukuko mafakitale si wochepa ndi mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya.

Lero, Spain ndi bwino olemera migodi, nsalu, processing chakudya, shipbuilding, komanso mphamvu zina. Mu ulimi, dziko lalikulu mbewu. Apa, tirigu, mpunga, chimanga, balere, maolivi, zipatso za kanjedza, makangaza ndi mbewu zina. M'madera louma bwino zimaŵetedwa nkhosa ndi mbuzi, ndi kumpoto - ng'ombe. nsomba akufotokozera m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Spain ali pakati pa mayiko pamwamba khumi kugwira ndi kansomba.

Spain ndipo ntchito zokopa alendo

Spain ndicho pakati yaikulu ya zokopa alendo padziko lonse. Anthu oposa miliyoni amene anthu anachititsa m'dzikoli ntchito mu gawo lino la chuma cha dziko. Spain akuyendera chaka osachepera 50 miliyoni alendo yachilendo.

Malo otchuka kwambiri achisangalalo ku Spain: Costa Brava, Costa Blanca ndi Canary Islands. Madera aakulu alendo a dziko - Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao ndi Valencia. mzinda otsiriza ayamba wotchuka ndi alendo ndi apaulendo. Izi ntchito ndi zokonda zake zambiri, mbiri yakale komanso kamangidwe zipilala, zakale ndi zosangalatsa zachilengedwe Valencia.

Spain alinso malo aakulu a chikondwerero European. Wotchuka Seville Fair, zokongola Carnival mu Cadiz ndi La Tomatina mu Buñol mofunitsitsa anachezeredwa ndi alendo padziko lonse.

Pomaliza

Dera la Ufumu wa Spain ali wolemera kwambiri mu zachilengedwe: mchere, mafuta, nyengo ndi kwachilengedwenso. Dziko ali wofatsa, nyengo yofunda ndipo ali ndi kubwereketsa lonse m'nyanja.

Wounikira chuma zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma cha Spain si mkulu. Kuchokera pa iwo, bwinobwino osauka migodi, mphamvu m'badwo, ulimi ndi makampani alendo.