Malamulo bajeti - izo ... Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo chandalama

Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma ndalama ndipo ndalama zinthu za 2013 ndi nthawi mapulani a 2014-2015. Chikukambidwa otchedwa malamulo zachuma. Unali mwambo yaitali ntchito mafuta ndi gasi revenues. Kufunika kwake chifukwa cha kudalira wapatali phindu kwa chuma.

Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo chandalama

Nzeru za oyamba pulogalamu kwagona kuti buku udindo zilipo boma, ndalama ndiponso zinthu yaitali ndalama anali osakwana zaka zam'mbuyo, amamangidwa kuti panopa mtengo wa mafuta. Bajeti akulamulira - kwenikweni patsogolo mgwirizano pa zoletsa ndalama umalimbana asayambe wothandizira kwa kusinthasintha mtengo.

Kufunika kwa funso

Mu Russia pali osiyana malamulo zachuma bajeti. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwake kwa chiwerengero cha mitundu ina ya misonkho. Iwo anapereka zigawo komanso mizinda yambiri. ngongole malire mfundo komanso kulibe, kuchepekedwa boma, ndi zina zotero. Latsopano bajeti malamulo okhudza mafuta mitengo mu 2012 anachititsa kwambiri zokambirana. Popeza kuti ndalama za boma ndi mokwanira amphamvu ndi oopsa kudalira mafuta ndi gasi ndalama. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo latsopano imatengedwa kuti ndi chigamulo cha dongosolo Russian chuma ndi akukhudzidwira chuma. Bajeti malamulo - njira imene mwachidwi, pachaka kuthetsa njakata imene mfundo zambiri olakwika atapereka ndi kukula kwa mitengo mafuta mu chaka chikubwerachi. Kufunika pulogalamu chifukwa chakuti boma ndalama thumba theka revenues zimadalira mtengo wa zipangizo.

kulunjika

Cha 2013 mu chimango ndondomeko ndalama ndi nthawi mapulani a zaka ziwiri zolinga njira ayikidwa kale. Iwo akhala anakonza mu Watsimikiza Purezidenti, mfundo yaitali chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko mpaka 2020-TH. Komanso, m'munsi anakhala chakudya chachikulu akhazikitsidwa mu Uthenga Bajeti ya mutsogoleli wadziko. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti zaka 2013-2015-. ntchito za umoyo ndi zachuma akangonena liyankhidwe mawu a patsogolo kuonetsetsa bata zazikulu za citukuko, polojekiti ndiponso yaitali muyezo wa zachuma. Izo zimayenera kuchepetsa kudalira kwake pa zinthu zakunja zachuma.

Zolinga zikuluzikulu

Ntchito yaikulu kuthetsedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a mlandu bajeti, ndi:

1. Kulimbikitsa bata zazikulu za citukuko ndi zopezera zachuma.
2. Kupeza njira kwa nthawi mpaka woyamba 2030.
3. Atakhala magawo malinga ndi zomwe chitukuko adzakhala dongosolo penshioni.
4. Polenga zinthu makonzedwe a nchito zabwino poyera anthu.
5. Planning ndi kukhazikitsa msinkhu wa chitukuko cha ankachita intergovernmental zachuma.
6. Kupereka zinthu yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa chilamulo Federal pa bajeti ya 2014-2016 biennium. mu mtundu mapulogalamu.
7. Chikusintha Opaleshoni boma ndi maudindo ndi katundu wa boma latsopano la Russia.
8. Kuonetsetsa omasukirana ndi chilungamo cha ndondomeko bajeti.

General makhalidwe a chakudya cha

Kulimbikitsa bata zazikulu za citukuko ndi kukhazikika ndalama malamulo malamulo zachuma. Izi adzalola:

• Kuchepetsa kudalira a dongosolo pa osakhalitsa wa dziko mitengo msika mphamvu.
• Ikhale yolondola kulosera pamapeto pake.
• Kupanga buku chofunika a Russia ndi ndalama mwayekha.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo a kukafola bajeti maganizo zikuphatikizapo kuonetsetsa kuti malo thumba zotsala mafuta ndi gasi revenues ndi kukula mtengo m'munsi mwa zipangizo. njira Focus adapempha kuchita asanafike muyezo chiŵerengero cha 7% ya GDP. Ngati Mapa mtengo wa mafuta adzakhala poyerekeza m'munsi, ndiye kuphimba ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti, zikuchitika chifukwa kuchepetsa ndalama, adzapatsidwa ku thumba contingency. Kamodzi akafika kuchuluka kwa ubwino normative ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zina kwa mafuta ndi gasi makampani mu Wamkulu Koposa Chuma Fund. Ena mwa ndalama zimenezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndalama zomangamanga ndi chofunikila ena mapulogalamu amene amayambitsa udindo wa RF.

Features cha Kuzindikira

malamulo bajeti kupereka kwa chiwerengero cha chakudya kumangako. Makamaka:

1. The mtengo mmphepete ndalama feduro sayenera kuposa kuchuluka kwa ndalama pa mtengo zazikulu kuposa 1% ya GDP.
2. Kuchuluka okwana ndalama anakonza kudza chaka chandalama sangakhale zosakwana ovomerezeka Chilamulo Federal kwa zogwirizana nthawi chuma index. Ngati si n'komwe conventionally anatengera imfa.
3. Onse buku anakonza zolowa chaka choyamba popanda nthawi salembedwa anavomereza mtengo mtengo wa 2.5% ya izo sizingakhale poyerekeza ofanana ovomerezeka FZ nthawi.

limagwirira kanthu

Ngati pachaka mafuta mtengo pa zapitazi 3, kuphatikizapo amene panopa, linakhazikitsidwa pa mlingo kuti alibe olumpha mtengo m'munsi, mapangidwe bajeti wotsiriza masamu ndi mtengo pafupifupi kwa nthawi inayake zaka zitatu. Ubwino chiwembu izi, pakati ena, kuti chitetezo aumbike kwa ayenera kuthamanga mtengo zofunika (onse pa olimba Fund). Kusamala wa Fund Reserve kumapeto kwa 2008 anakwana 9,8% ya GDP, ndi kutha kwa chaka chamawa - 4.7%, 2010 - 1.7%. Ndalama za mu 2009 anali pafupifupi thililiyoni 3 rubles. Pa nthawi yonse ya kukhalapo kwa Fund Reserve anati kusinthasintha noticeable mu kuchuluka GDP mawu a mavuto otsiriza. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali ndithu dontho yaitali mitengo mafuta poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyo m'dziko loopsali.

Kuletsa ulamuliro chandalama

akatswiri angapo a mokomera kukana pulogalamu womulera. mkanganowo atapereka maganizo oti kuwonjezeka mu malire a kuchepekedwa bajeti kuchuluka kwa owonjezera izi udzakhala ndalama mu chuma. Malinga Development Economic, adzakhululukidwa kwambiri kumatheka kukula kugunda pa kulumpha mu 2015 kuchepekedwa 1% kuti 1.5 GDP (400 bln.). 2014 chithunzi popanda malamulo adzakhala 1.1% m'malo 0.5% woikidwiratu. Chosavuta koma akafuna kungasokoneze osati pa chitukuko ndalama ya chuma cha dziko, komanso mapangidwe dera chikhalidwe cha boma. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kulanda zachilengedwe mawu chuma (kudzikundikira ndalama mu maudindo yachilendo ngongole pepala ndalama mwayekha) si mulingo woyenera. Ndalama pa chitukuko cha zomangamanga yake, pakuika maofesi opanga (mapangidwe nkhokwe chuma) kupanga chosiyana dongosolo dziko chuma.

Pakagwa tsoka, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ena kusintha ndi kusiyanitsa kachitidwe kawo chuma chofunika kwambiri kuposa ngongole yachilendo ndi kungafune zinthu zambiri ochepa kukhalabe.

Mfundo mokomera pulogalamu

Monga mmodzi mwa ubwino zikuluzikulu za ulamuliro zachuma mu mtima kukonzekera kwa nthawi yaitali mafuta msika kugwa mitengo. pulogalamu ayenera kulola kuti basi kusintha mfundo zachuma mu nthawi ya kuchepa kapena pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka mu mtengo wa zipangizo. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za kukhazikitsa akutumikira kuonetsetsa bata zazikulu za citukuko, ndi ndemanga zake kukhala chizindikiro chochotsera kwa ndalama. Kumayambiriro kwa buku la mapulogalamu ambiri anaganiza kuti anatengera malamulo mkati mwa mabungwe bajeti. Komabe, palibe pulogalamu wamba alibe iwo.