Severomuisk mbiri mumphangayo zomangamanga, maonekedwe, chithunzi

Severomuisk mumphangayo lili Republic of Buryatia. Kuika ntchito chinachitika mu 2003. Iye ali yaitali njanji linaikidwamo mwa miyala mu Russia. Utali ndi 15 343 meters. Dzina la mumphangayo unatchedwa lokwera, kupyolera mu zomwe khwalala akudutsa. Malinga ndi digiri ya vuto ntchito yomanga ndi mumphangayo ntchito ankaona zovuta kwambiri mu dziko. Yomanga zinachitikadi zaka twente-sikisi, iye ankayenera kuti kuyamba pa nthawi imene dera lonse anali miyala malo opanda moyo. nyengo anali olimba kutentha pafupifupi m'chigawo cha North-Muya lokwera zimasiyanasiyana m'chigawo cha -50 digiri Celsius. Tinali kubweretsa ukadaulo osati, kunali koyenera kuti yomanga zigawo nyumba ndi zomangamanga kuonetsetsa wabwinobwino cha anthu a.

chigamba akhakula

Severomuisk mumphangayo Kodi mfundo yomaliza kuti adalumikiza nkhani ya Baikal-Amur Mainline pamodzi. Ganizo yomanga njanji pamodzi Amur Mtsinje unachokera mu Tsarist Russia, koma kuchuluka kwa chuma ndi ntchito wofunikila ntchito, ngakhale kafukufuku yankhaza, panthawi kuti prohibitive. Ganizo zii, iye ali mawonekedwe kokha mu 1938, pamene kuika sitima ya. Antchito woyamba anali akaidi. Yomanga zinachitikadi intermittently, ndiponso kukula ndi kayendedwe ka ambirimbiri kuti Bam anayamba mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Kuika njanji anapita odzipereka ochokera konsekonse Soviet Union.

The Tambasula zovuta kwambiri njanji anaonekera Severomuysky osiyanasiyana. The Baikal ndi imodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri, koma wankhanza. Rock mapangidwe tichipeza lubwe-schist miyala malo otsetsereka ake zili kuwundana, chimbuzi cha lokwera ukufika mamita 2561. Pamiyala pafupifupi zomera, tectonic mosinthana zivomezi sanali kufufuza kufikira chimaliziro, ndipo ntchito zivomerezi anali sizimadziwika. Tunneling wakhala kovuta kuti akatswiri ndi omanga.

Pakhala zocitika ambiri kuti kupereka njira kwa ndimeyi malo. Kuchokera opusa kwambiri kuti aphulitsa lokwera ndipo motero akakondze njira kwa aipa koposa - musataye kumanga, chifukwa n'zosatheka. Pambuyo Mofulumira ndi misonkhano, anaganiza kudutsa lokwera lapansi. Kukonzekera ndimeyi inayamba mu 1975, ntchito zazikulu zinachitika 90s ndipo ndi m'zaka za m'ma lotsatira, anaikidwa mu ntchito Severomuisk mumphangayo. Akamaliza Date, kapena kani, akamaliza kumanga - March 30, 2001, ndi sitima yoyamba n'kuyamba 5 December 2003.

Development wa polojekiti

General mlengi wa polojekiti anali a "Lenmetrogiprotrans". Malinga ndi ntchito zomangira zinachitikadi m'njira ziwiri: kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa awiri magulu drifters anali kukumana wina ndi mzake. Ntchito ikuchitika mwa magulu awiri. JSC "Bamtonnelstroy" kampani zikugwira ntchito yomanga maofesi mobisa, JSC "Nizhneangarsktransstroy" anamangapo nyumba pamwamba-pansi. Pa nthawi ya chiyanjo cha ntchitoyo, palibe munthu amene anali kudziwa zimene mavuto ndi zodabwitsa ndi maso. Ntchito, ndondomeko pachiyambi wakhala kukonzedwa kawiri ntchito anaima chifukwa cha zigumukire ndi kugumuka.

Ngalande ndimeyi anatembenuka amafa, malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera 30 mpaka 57 anthu anaphedwa pomanga ndi mwadzidzidzi ayankhe. Mu ulemu wawo, chipilala pakhomo la ngalandeyo. Total yomanga nthawi anayesedwa dazeni magalimoto ochepa padziko lonse, anakamba ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ndi luso lapadera kwa kuphatikiza nthaka mabacteria zolakwa tectonic mwa mankhwala. Izi yatsopano Kutulukira anathandiza pakhale sinker bwinobwino mumphangayo mu malo ovuta ndiponso sizimadziwika akuswa miyala lubwe.

Kuonetsetsa yosayima ntchito, ogwira awiri a m'mudzi zinamangidwa kwa omanga: Ngalande pakhomo kumadzulo, ndi pa Severomuisk kum'mawa. Pakali pano, ndi kuthetsa panopa anali Severomuisk kumene ogwira ntchito moyo njanji kupereka mumphangayo.

Features

Pa chiyambi cha ntchito Geological chikhalidwe cha lokwera la sankadziwika, kotero luntha ntchito imachitika imodzi pomanga. Kuchepetsa ngozi, limodzi ndi waukulu nthambi nyumba nzeru zomera linayambika. chitukuko anali patsogolo m'ngalande zikuluzikulu mazana angapo mamita, ndipo anapereka mfundo za udindo wa mtundu wa. Kuda nthambi anayamba pa mtunda wa mamita 30 kuchokera pa nyumba zazikulu, kukula kwa izo chikukwanira ndime ya sitima mobisa. Chifukwa reconnaissance mumphangayo mu njira yaikulu kubooleza ndime, amene facilitates ntchito ndi mpweya wabwino.

Ntchito yomanga nyumba unachitikira mu zone seismically yogwira kumene zivomezi kufika 9-10 pa za Richter lonse, zikhalidwe miyala ya ndimeyi anasonyeza anayi tectonic vuto. Mwachidule, malo awa miyala kuswa, wodzazidwa ndi miyala, mchenga ndi madzi, m'lifupi awo ranged ku mamita 5 mpaka 900. Pambuyo mosalekeza akuswa madzi lilinkudza mu kuchuluka kwa mazana a kiyubiki mamita paola. Part wa mumphangayo umadutsa zone Madzi oundana, yomanga malo awa nawo madzi otentha. Ndinadabwa anali pamaso pa nyukiliya mpweya Rodonaya amene anatulutsa kuchokera mkati mwa akalowa mumphangayo pa ndende yake katatu kuposa malire chovomerezeka, chifukwa mu padzuwa antchito. Ife analipira chifukwa umafunika yabwino kuti sinker akuti "imfa ndalama."

Severomuisk Buriatia mumphangayo, malinga ndi polojekiti, anafuna kubowola kufufuza zitsime zonse makilomita 0.5, koma anaganiza kuchepetsa ndalama opareshoni, awo mokhomerera mu increments wa 1 kilometre. njira iyi ndalama anatembenuka masoka angapo ankati moyo wa munthu, ntchito stoppages chifukwa kugumuka, madzi osefukira, ndipo zinthu zina.

yomanga

Severomuisk sitima mumphangayo anapulumuka ziwiri oyima yomanga. The zinachitika koyamba mu 1979, pamene kutsinde kumira mchenga wotitimira ndi anakumana lubwe monolith. Ndi zodabwitsazi, ngakhale patsogolo kapena pambuyo gornorazrabotchiki anakumana. Madzi pansi kuthamanga ndipo anagumula thanthwe, atanyamula miyala, mchenga, matope utuluke, chinapululutsa zonse mu njira yake; imfa antchito angapo anatsuka dvadtsatitrehtonnuyu Komatsu. Ofunikira ntchito yobwezeretsa ndi kusamala malo thanthwe wovulala.

Kuthetseratu chifukwa cha kugwa mu Rift ndi anatsanulira konkire, kuyanika inatenga zaka ziwiri. Pa nthawi iyi, izo anachira matani khumi zikwi thanthwe anakomoka, anachititsa zina kufufuza ntchito. Chifukwa cha kufufuza chinapezeka m'madzi m'chigawo nyanja ya ndime ya mandawa. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la utuluke owonjezera madzi chofunika njira nzeru ndi chodabwitsa ofanana mu dziko ndipo palibe amene anakumana.

resumption ntchito

malo Kulimbikitsa vuto zinachitikadi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala grouting, ndi akalowa mkati mwa mumphangayo ananyamula chitsulo yamachubu, nyumba zitsulo. Pamwamba pa izi unatsanuliridwa zina cladding wosanjikiza konkire kuti bwino kumatira ndi woganizira thandizo kwa Chipilala cha mumphangayo. Choncho, yovutayi zone ziwembu alandira zigawo zingapo "mipope" anamanga zokwawa payekhapayekha mzake. Zoni zivomerezi izo kumawonjezera mlingo wa chitetezo ndi nyumba bata.

Kumene anayamba kumira 1981, ameneyu anagumula pulagi konkire. Pa ndime zina zolakwa zonse wapezeka wodzazidwa ndi simenti kupyolera mokhomerera migodi choimirira. Kuti ntchitoyi ndi kuitana akatswiri yachilendo padziko lonse - palibe wina anavomera. Ntchito yomanga ankagwiritsa ntchito luso zapamwamba kwambiri za nthawi kuchokera ku Japan, USA, Germany. Akatswiri makampani akunja, bwino nkhaniyo, kupereka chidutswa chimodzi chokha malangizo - kupereka ndi kuyamba kwina. Kuonetsetsa mosalekeza ntchito chofunika zida yobereka, dambo ndi kuchotsa thanthwe anafunika zambali, monga zinaonekeratu kuti pomanga adzakhala anachedwa mpaka kalekale.

kulambalala chitoliro

Pamaso Severomuisk anayamba kumanga m'ngalande, panali njira kuti bypasses lokwera. Khalani zasonyeza kuti si abwino kwambiri ntchito mu mapangidwe nkhanza anayamba, choncho anaganiza kumanga kulambalala msewu mu 1984. Chibwenzi, si dongosolo zochepa wapadera kuposa mumphangayo. Alendo ambiri amapita lokwera kufunafuna mpata kuyendetsa pa mseu. Iwo amene ayesedwa maganizo wowoneka ndi malo kokongola, amene milatho kupita.

Highway mphepo Njoka umadutsa milatho opangidwa ndi viaducts. Mmodzi wa iwo, "Mdyerekezi Bridge", anaika mwa Itykit mtsinje ali kukhota phompho ndiponso malinga ndi mboni, pang'ono kugwedezeka pa nthawi ya ndime ya kapangidwe yodzaza. Kutalika kwa msewu 64 Km, njira yake zonyamula angamachite awiri kuzungulira woboola pakati mumphangayo, anaika mkati thanthwe. Magistral ntchito limodzi ndi machitidwe a mumphangayo, kulola ena kayendedwe ka sitima yonyamula. Anakonza kumufotokozera sitima kudutsa mu mwambo ponso magalimoto sitima pa Baikal-Amur Mainline.

Liwiro ayi choposa 20 Km / h, otsetsereka m'madera ena ndi 40% patsogolo ku chigawo phompho ntchito sitima zina. Panopa ndi kulambalala msewu kugwiritsidwa ntchito sitima yokonza ndi kukonza. Kumangidwa mu 1989, msewuwo ntchito zoyendera zonyamula ndi nyumba mpaka inamangidwa Severomuisk mumphangayo. Photo mlatho ndi mitunda otengedwa mazenera a magalimoto awa pa msewu kulambalala, kukongola chidwi ndi zimatipatsa nzeru extremality yomanga.

Gold chomangira lamba

Thamangani sitima kulankhulana kwathunthu kuyembekezera Bam onse. Severomuisk mumphangayo ndi 1999 pafupifupi akhala agona. Pakati pa magulu ulendo wawo kwa likumira kwa mzake, panali mamita 160 okha. Anagwa mwadzidzidzi mwala ndi ntchito ya zomangamanga pa malo anafunika pafupifupi kuyambira zikande, amene adatenga miyezi ingapo.

Kukwaniritsa drifters magulu, otchedwa golide sboyka zinachitika March 30, 2001. Tunneling anatsogolera omanga awiri brigades mumphangayo motsogozedwa ndi V. Kazeeva Gatsenko ndi makiyi wophiphiritsa wa mumphangayo wapereka kwa Nduna ya Transport. Kugwirizana pakati pa mbali ziwiri za mumphangayo zinachitika pa akuya mamita 300, kuchimwa nkhwangwa ndi manja awiri a 69 mm ndege yopingasa ndi ofukula olowa zolakwa anali 36 mm. Linali tsiku koposa zonse, amene anamanga Bam. Severomuisk ngalande achita m'Mphamvu yekha mu 2003, izo anawatcha "golide chomangira lamba" wa Bam, amene anamaliza nyumba yaikulu.

mfundo zosangalatsa

zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu za zomangamanga inasanduka zipambano, atulukira, umisiri watsopano. Nthawi zina zinaoneka kuti ntchitoyi sanathenso kuona, koma, ngakhale onse, Baikal-Amur Mainline zimapindulitsa chuma ndi ndale kudutsa dziko, chomaliza kugwirizana mfundo wakhala wapadera Severomuisk mumphangayo. Photos nyumba zosayembekezereka ndi mphamvu yake, grandiosity ndipo amatipatsa ndi mtima wonyada.

Mfundo ya zomangamanga:

• La utali wonse wa Severomuisk mumphangayo - makilomita oposa 15, pamodzi ndi linanena bungwe la kutalika mkati makilomita 45.
• Pamene ankamanga, panali matani oposa miliyoni nthaka.
• Ntchito kiyubiki mamita 700 zikwi konkire.
• Iwo anaika matani oposa 70 zikwi chitsulo.
• The akalowa mumphangayo anaika oposa 55 zikwi pulasitala zitsulo yamachubu.
• Nthawi zina pomanga mumphangayo anali kupatsidwa magulu 6 ndi ndodo okwana anthu 8,000.
• Ntchito yomanga mumphangayo ndalama moponya biliyoni 9 rubles.
• Severomuisk mumphangayo pa Bam mu likumira ndi mamita lalikulu 67.
• njira yopanga ntchito zoposa 850 mayunitsi Ti.
• Sheathing kwa mandawa tichipeza awiri ndi malo zolakwa za nyumba zitatu ufulu limene linapatsa chitetezo mudera seismically yogwira.
• Kungakupatseni utumiki moyo wa zaka 100, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti poyamba kukonzanso lalikulu chofunika si kale kuposa zaka 50 pambuyo pa Launch.
• APCS Severomuisk mumphangayo amalola zenizeni nthawi kutsatira ya boma ya microclimate mkati kukonza, mlingo wa poizoni kayendedwe ka sitima ndi zinthu zina.

Pakuti madera ambiri a ukachenjede, umagwirira, migodi ndi kumanga kufupi kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri anakhala Severomuisk mumphangayo. njira akhala anayesa malowedwe a zonse zodziwika nthawi, naonso anatulukira njira zatsopano, umene unadzakhala luso zapamwamba za sayansi Russian. The vuto lalikulu mu ntchito mumphangayo ndi mapangidwe ayezi, ndondomeko izi zimachitika pafupifupi chaka chonse ndi kuwombera pansi ayezi kupangidwa kwa pamanja.

mtengo

Akuthamanga yosayima gulu la Baikal-Amur Mainline anapereka Severomuisk mumphangayo. Mbiri ya nyumba tichipeza zaka twente-sikisi ndi ziwiri mmasiku Awiri mu moyo wa boma. Kutsegula mumphangayo yafupika nthawi sitima kudutsa kasanu ndi kamodzi. Tsopano zimatenga mphindi 25 zokha, ndipo pa njira yozungulira sitima anapita maola 2.5. Ntchito njira mwachindunji ndi otetezeka analola kukana wachiphamaso sitima samatha, amene anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira yapamwamba. Mlingo chitetezo chawonjezeka zayamba: namalambalala mphepo msewu pakati pa mapiri, kumene nthawi zonse ngozi zigumukire.

Katundu magalimoto pa Baikal-Amur Mainline chawonjezeka ndi 35%, mlingo kukula inyamuka kuonjezera zaka kubwera avareji 30% pa chaka. Iwo anakwanitsa kutsitsa ndi Trans-Siberia Railway, kuti zimalepheretsa magalimoto. Kuphatikiza pa madalitso zachuma, Russian anapambana kuchoka wachiwiri kwa Pacific Ocean, zofunikira sitima chikuwonjezeka odalirika ndi yosafuna malangizo kuyenda. Pakali pano, m'ngalande akudutsa 14-16 katundu sitima patsiku.

kachitidwe ulamuliro

Ma PC Severomuisk mumphangayo - mawu atsopano mu polojekiti ndi kasamalidwe yaying'ono-nyengo mkati nyumbayi. Amakhala m'njira ziwiri kulamulira, omwe amachita mwachindunji ntchito kuti tithetse, kutsatira, kusunga pa zipangizo zonse luso maofesi. Komanso, ndi makina ndondomeko kulamulira system (ma PC) zipangitsa ntchito kulankhulana m'ngalande.

Real nthawi kutsatira ya ulamuliro chikhalidwe mpweya imagwiridwa ngalande za pansi, oyang'anira udindo wa machitidwe onse yomanga. Wophatikizidwa ndi machitidwe basi kutsatira kwa msilikali nyengo ataima gantry chipata. Iwo ndi okhawo kuti ndimeyi sitima ya, mwamphamvu kusunga mlengalenga mkati m'ngalande ku hypothermia, koma mu nkhani ya zochitika zadzidzidzi, ndi sitima akhoza kuwachotsa popanda kuopseza kuwononga dongosolo lonse.

Ntchito yomanga North-mumphangayo anathandiza kupanga ena asayansi atulukira, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa umisiri wapadera, wapadera dziko kumeneko. Experience apindulira pa galimoto, ndi koposa. yomanga lakonzedwa kuti njira ya magalimoto, pomanga mumphangayo wina ofanana ankaona kutali mtsogolo.