Geiger kauntala kapena zida zina kuona mlingo wa poizoni

Zida, amene ntchito ndi kuyeza mlingo cheza mu nthawi yathu akhoza zimachitika pafupifupi gulu la ogula zamagetsi. Kodi njira imeneyi ntchito ndipo n'chifukwa chake anthu ambiri?

Kodi ntchito?

The odziwika bwino kwambiri ndi otchuka chipangizo kuona mpweya wa poizoni - Geiger kauntala. dzina lake ndi kubadwa iye amapangitsa German sayansi Hans Geiger, amene analenga chipangizo ichi mu 1908 pamodzi ndi asayansi ena odziwika bwino - Ernest Rutherford. zaka 20 pambuyo pake, Geiger anabwerera Kutulukira wake ndi kuyengedwa pamodzi ndi wasayansi W. Müller. Ngakhale kuti chipangizo chimenechi zaka zana, wakhala bwinobwino ntchito mu masiku athu. Ambiri dosimeters banja ofanana mu kuchita mfundo kwa iye.

Kodi ndi Geiger kauntala? mchitidwe Aika - losindikizidwa galasi kapena zitsulo yamphamvu wodzazidwa ndi mipweya inert - Neon ndi argon. Apa, mu yamphamvu ndi, maelekitirodi awiri anayikidwa. Monga amadziwika, ndi cheza yoweyula propagates mu mawonekedwe a particles. Pamene mmodzi wa particles ngati imagwera mkati mita, kusakaniza mafuta ndi ionized: mpweya maatomu kukhala amayesetsa, umene iwo akhoza kuyatsa. Zimenezi ndi kuliika kauntala. Kulembetsa chiwerengero chenicheni cha particles nyukiliya, ndondomeko ionization limatha chongopeka. Izi zimachitika mkati tuzigawo twa a lachiwirilo. Pa kudziwika particles nyukiliya geiger kauntala umabala khalidwe kumawombera phokoso.

misinkhu cheza anayeza m'njira zina. Pamodzi ndi owerengera geiger kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito timibulu scintillator. The kanthu mwa zipangizozi zachokera kuti ena zinthu (mwachitsanzo, sodium iodide kapena nthaka sulphide) kuunikiridwa pa kudziwika cheza. Number asamamve malingana ndi kuopsa cheza mlingo ndipo anakakonza ndi gulu lapadera - ndi photomultiplier.

Njira ina - njira mankhwala kwa kudziwika mpweya wa poizoni. Limagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kunachitika zipangizo zina mchikakamizo cha kuwala kwa magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani iyi, chloroform amaola ndipo ndipamene HCl, amene amalowa mtundu anachita ndi utoto anawonjezera kuti chloroform.

Kodi cheza chimaonekera tsiku ndi tsiku?

Pakuti muyenera zida izi kwa anthu amene alibe ubale uliwonse ndi atomu mtendere? Nthawi zambiri, ndi dosimeter mpweya wa poizoni anali ntchito kuyeza milingo cheza mu zipangizo chakudya kapena nyumba. Komanso tione mpweya wa poizoni akhoza kutera pa chamangidwa kapena zakonzedwa kumanga nyumba. Izo zinachitika kuti kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu mwamwano kuti dzuwa, kukonza malo nyukiliya m'manda ku malo mosayembekezeka - pa nyanja kapena ena wanga anasiya. The Chernobyl tsoka kwachititsa anthu ambiri kuyang'ana kuchipatala ndi maso osiyana. Ndipo ngozi posachedwapa pa "Fukushima" kukhala geiger kauntala ndi dosimeters ena otchuka.

Childs, cheza oyang'anira ntchito kunyumba ang'ono. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi kusonyezedwa, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona mlingo wa poizoni. Dosimeters kungakhale pamakomo ndi doorsteps. yoyamba ya chipangizo kumayambika pamene choposa mlingo kololeka wa poizoni umene preset mwa Mlengi. Ngati mokweza. dosimeters Awa ndi mtengo ndiponso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zipangizo za mtundu wachiwiri amasonyeza mlingo makamaka cheza, mlingo pakhomo akhoza akayiyike pa iwo pamanja. Chotero chipangizo yabwino kwambiri kwa akatswiri munthu amadziwa zimene mlingo wa poizoni mu nkhani iyi ndi oopsa.

Monga mukuonera, kudziwa cheza mu moyo N'kutheka. Koma pamaso pa dosimeter kunyumba sizikupanga inu katswiri. Chotero, pa kudziwika zinthu kachilombo kapena malo kuti mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri nawo.