Ulimi wothirira - kumatanthauzanji? Ulimi wothirira Ubwino kumtunda

Ulimi wothirira minda - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri chonde. Kupereka zomera madzi amakhudza kudutsa iwo himprotsessy, mpweya ndi kutentha zinthu, kugwira ntchito mlingo nthaka tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso.

Chochitika, amene wasankha mafunso a yobereka ndipo ngakhale yogawa a madzi pa minda poyera kuti zinthu zachilengedwe chilala, wotchedwa ulimi ulimi. tanthauzo Izi zimatithandiza kumvetsa tanthauzo ndi cholinga cha ndondomeko anafotokoza mu sayansi ulimi.

njira minda ulimi wothirira

Lomasula madzimadzi ku njira m'mayiko ulimi ntchito:

• kukonkha;
• pamwamba ulimi;
• adzagwa ulimi wothirira;
• subsurface ulimi wothirira.

kukonkha

Sprinkler ulimi wothirira - ulimi njira ndi kukhalapo kwa zomera kuti ndi dongosolo osaya muzu, amapereka njira yodzichitira kugawira madzi. Iye anachita njira yokumba mvula amaika mabuku a madzi. Mu njira imeneyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza, amene sungunuka m'madzi ndi dezinsektanty (zinthu oyenera kulamulira tizilombo). Sprinkler ulimi wothirira zimagawidwa Zikatero, kuti:

• pulsed ulimi wothirira - kuthirira izo lidzaponyedwe mabuku ang'ono,
• wofatsa ulimi;
• kupereka zinthu chinyezi pripochvennogo wosanjikiza mumlengalenga.

Njira imeneyi zimagwiritsa ntchito m'madera ndi wosakhazikika chinyezi, ngati pali vuto alili, komanso ubwenzi mkulu wa pansi pa.

ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka

The njira zotsatirazi - kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. kutsirira uyu, amene amalola madzimadzi kudutsa akuya kwambiri mu nthaka kulowa ndi feteleza dongosolo muzu wa zomera. Imakhala waika pafupipafupi kuthirira. The mbali zabwino za ndondomeko anafotokoza akutumikira rhizosphere chakudya. Ikuyenda mlingo, mphamvu ndi fetereza ndi zina ziri ziwiri kapena zisanu kakang'ono kuposa anthu okaona pamene yothiriridwa ndondomeko. Pankhaniyi, madzi a chikhalidwe ikuchitika chabwinobwino ndipo wochezeka njira. Izo ntchito pamaso pa mtunda zovuta, amene anatsimikiza ndi kupanda akvabalans, komwe kuli kwambiri mkulu madzi permeability. Njira imeneyi ndi otchuka mu ndondomeko kupanga munda ulimi wothirira, mabulosi, minda masamba ndi mitengo ya zipatso.

ulimi wothirira subsurface

Subsurface ulimi wothirira - njira kusefukira mizu ya zomera. kotunga mbewu madzi ikuchitika ndi humidifiers wapadera subsoil, izo amalenga zabwino potipatsa mosalekeza a mizu ya madzimadzi, kapena zakudya zofunika zomera. The ntchito njira imeneyi ndi:

• ndi makina kwathunthu;
• chilengedwe ndi kukonza wotsatira wa looseness nthaka;
• ndi okwanira bwino madzi;
• kotunga dongosolo muzu wa wofunikila zakudya kukula.

Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ndi m'dera limene nthaka ali apamwamba capillary madutsidwe, palibe pafupi mtunda mchere pansi. Choncho, minda subsurface ulimi wothirira - ichi ndi kubwereketsa zodabwitsa minda, koma amafuna ena ndalama.

ulimi wothirira pamwamba

Pamwamba ulimi m'dziko - njira imene madzi ndi anaikira pamwamba pansi. Njira imeneyi ulimi wothirira zimagawidwa mu subtypes zotsatirazi:

• ndi buku lalikulu la madzi (madzi osefukira);
• kudzera grooves;
• ntchito yapadera nozzle Babler;
• ntchito buku ka madzi (kapena microcavity). kutsirira Izi - ndi ndalama ambiri mwa anthu alipo.

Pamene akukonzekera dongosolo ndi ulimi wothirira, m'pofunika kupereka kuti infrequent zazing'ono mabuku ulimi wothirira madzi ndi osamveka, musati kupereka zokwanira chinyezi dziko. Kupanda madzimadzi m'nthaka amalenga vutoli mu mavuto maselo a madzi, zikubweretsa muyezo kuchepa chinyezi ndipo izi, nawonso, adzakhala kuwonongedwa kwa zomera ndi. Best humidification chingapezeke mu nkhani ya njira woyenera kuti mapulani a dongosolo ulimi wothirira. Kukwaniritsa zolondola madzi kutuluka boma ayenera kuganizira kapangidwe nthaka, madzi permeable index ake, mipweya, kutentha index ndi aeration.

Ulimi wa minda: mumalowedwe

Kulenga yabwino nthaka chinyezi pa nyengo kukula, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo mode hibernation anatsimikiza ndi kuthirira chapadera, kuti ndi osakaniza zinthu: kuchuluka, nthawi ndi mabuku a madzi. Iye ayenera kulenga m'nthaka koyenera kuti zogwirizana hydro chikhalidwe zinthu zenizeni nyengo ndi zolinga zachuma. Zimenezi zimafuna kugwilizana kwambiri ndi zofuna za miyeso agro-luso.

Ulimi wothirira boma chikhalidwe chilichonse mu mikhalidwe agro-nyengo ayenera kutsatira zofuna zotsatirazi:

1. kufunika madzi zomera zina pa chitukuko, ndi ulemu wa mbewu zipatso ndi akadali kupeza mkulu zokolola pa agrotechnics ena wodzilemekeza ndi feteleza nthawi zina.
2. Kukhazikitsa lamulo lenileni la madzi, michere, mchere ndi kutentha nthaka ankhanza.
3. Kuwonjezera chonde, kukokololoka kwa inadmissibility, osefukira kwambiri, mwachitsanzo waterlogging ndi amenewa nthaka.
4. Bungwe olondola a ntchito, amene amalenga kuwonjezeka zokolola zawo kupyolera mu njira patsogolo zokha.
5. Mlandu kusintha mu nyengo, chuma ndiponso agronomic kupewa kusinthasintha kwambiri deta ndi osiyana nyengo m'menemo.

Choncho, kuona akafuna ulimi chikhalidwe anapatsidwa m'pofunika kudziŵa buku okwana madzi ulimi, umene uli wofunika kwa zomera pa nyengo kukula pa anafuna (kapena ntchito) njira agronomic ndi mmene chilengedwe. buku ili la madzi zingadziŵike malinga ndi kusanthula nyengo, nthaka ndi zina mavuto ena.

Zotsatira za ulimi wothirira pa njira subsurface

Kusintha kwa rainfed ntchito yothiriridwa munda amalenga zikukhudza panthaka ngati dothi masinthidwe thupi boma, mchere zikuchokera, aeration ndi kutentha makhalidwe ake, mankhwala ndi njira bakiteriya intrasoil kudziunjikira ndi mlingo kuvunda kwa nkhani nthaka organic.

nthaka Eleyale - ndi limagwirira kuti kuli ndi ubwino pa tilili kuthupi nthaka, zikubweretsa kuchepa kukana ake pamene akulima, lili yakucha thupi. Pa processing wa totere nthaka anagwa ndondomeko labwino kwa mofulumira ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake.

Ulimi wothirira madzi obweretsa kuchuluka kwa particles dothi boma turbid amene waikamo padziko minda ngati matope chonde. Patapita nthawi mokwanira yaitali wosanjikiza izi umalandira ulimi wothirira olimba mlingo. Choncho, nthaka latsopano.

Ulimi wothirira amatipatsa zinthu zabwino tizilombo intrasoil. M'nkhani ya njira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (nitrification) adamulowetsa zofunika chinyezi nthaka boma. Glaze kukhudza wautali kwambiri pa mabakiteriya nodule, amene anapanga m'madera louma padziko mizu legume.