Phytophthora: Control ndi kupewa njira

Mochedwa choipitsa - kuopseza mafangasi matenda zokhudza makamaka Solanaceae (mbatata, tomato, biringanya, tsabola, etc.). Iwo akumutcha bowa Phytophthora infestans, amene kusungidwa pa malo zambiri kwa tubers kugula kapena mbande. Magwero a matenda akhoza anachoka mu yozizira masamba mulu. The spores wa Phytophthora, nyengo yachisanu, matenda chifukwa mu mtengo watsopano. Kulimbana ndi matenda kuli kovuta kwambiri. Kosavuta kupewa chitukuko.

Phytophthora, kulamulira njira zomwe makamaka mu kupewa ndi infects zomera makamaka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Choncho, n'kofunika kuti muphonye nthawi ya mbatata kubzala. Nthawi zambiri mulingo woyenera - ichi ndi khumi lachiwiri la April. Pamaso kubzala, nthaka ayenera anamasuka. tchuthi zambiri pa kuika tubers mdzenje kuponya kugwira manyowa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kusunga mulingo oyenerera. Mfundo kuti zotsala asafe m'nthaka - chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu kuti chitukuko cha choipitsa mochedwa. Chotero musati muzichoka manyowa kwambiri manyowa panthaka.

Ena zotsala potashi ndi mankwala feteleza M'malo mwake amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda monga choipitsa mochedwa. Njira yochitira ndi izo ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sizithandiza. Choncho, njira ina yabwino kupewa chitukuko tinganene kuti ntchito za m'dera ndi wolimba okha sukulu ake. Izi zikhoza kukhala "tempo", "Gatchina", "tebulo 19" ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri, mochedwa choipitsa mu mbatata akuwonetseredwa mu choncho katakula kwa zaka zingapo pa malo omwewo. Pankhaniyi, pang'onopang'ono wambirimbiri, matenda kwambiri kuchepetsa zokolola. Chimodzi sayenera anabzala pafupi tomato mbatata m'munda. Zikatero angakhudzidwe zikhalidwe zonse. Mizu asanadzalemo kwenikweni zosankhidwa kunja, kutaya zonse zazing'ono, wosakongola ndi odwala. Ndi bwino kuwathandizanso sabata kapena awiri pa kutentha magalamu 16-18. Celsius. Nthawi imeneyi, mochedwa choipitsa mawanga kukhala zooneka, kotero kuchotsa tubers matenda idzakhala yophweka.

Mbatata mochedwa choipitsa zambiri Wam'menya mu m'chilimwe ozizira mvula. Pankhaniyi m'pofunika kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha irrigations. A nthawi zofunika kwambiri kuchotsa namsongole, kufooketsa zomera, ndi kuchita hilling. A nkhungu wosanjikiza dothi pa tubers adzakhala mkatikati iwo spores mafangasi masamba ndi nthambi.

Koma ngati mochedwa choipitsa yakhudza mbewu yanu, mudzakhala ndi ntchito yaikulu ndi yolemetsa. Choyamba, muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse omwe ali ndi zimayambira. Ndiye mbatata ankachitira ndi mankhwala fungicides. Ndiponso amadwala matenda Bordeaux kusakaniza. Komabe, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano. Popeza kuti choipitsa mochedwa, njira ulamuliro amenenso idzagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mkuwa munali, mofulumira mutates ndi Amasintha onse applicable thereto mankhwala.

Nthawi zina, m'pofunika ndi wochezeka mbadwo watsopano wa wothandizila microbiological. Mfundo ntchito ndi losavuta: mabakiteriya awo constituent pamene anaika mu madzi adamulowetsa, ndipo gawo lapansi njira mu umatheka ndi nthambi anayamba kuwononga m'bowawo. Ndi madzi a mvula, iwo kudutsa mu nthaka, kuthandiza kuti ayeretse matenda ndi zikhawo. Choncho n'zotheka kupirira "mochedwa choipitsa" matenda. Njira yochitira ndi izo mankhwala, ndithudi, tinganene kuti kwakukulu kwambiri. Komabe, ntchito wothandizila microbiological adzapereka uncontaminated mankhwala zoipa yokolola. Pankhaniyi, chisankho ndi chiwembu makamu.