Edible wokoma mgoza: Kubzala ndi kukula

Mgoza - khalidwe lodziwika bwino zongopeka wowerengeka ndi kukongoletsa yolimba chikhalidwe minda zokongoletsa ndi m'mapaki la mayiko Western European ndi madera kum'mwera kwa Russia. Izi ndi chidwi Mitengo ina ndipo ali ndi maina audindo angapo (edible, Europe, mfulu), ogwirizana ndi dzina limodzi - lokoma mgoza. Pa peculiarities wa mbewu, makhalidwe ake ndi ulimi wa kulima kuphunzira kuchokera m'buku lino.

Mlendo ku banja la mumamera

Castanea sativa - mtengo chodabwitsa, ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana umanena mayanjano zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ndi isanayambike yophukira mu France akuyamba "Red Nyengo", pamene mseu kugulitsa zipatso yokazinga ndi mbale zina zochokera iwo. Ukufalikira mgoza - mtundu wa chizindikiro cha Kiev, m'mapaki masika yabzalidwa ndi njira mgoza, zonyezimira kukongola wowolowa manja ndipo kwambiri kukongoletsa kwenikweni. A belu ochiritsa mkulu kufunika kwa makhalidwe mankhwala, kuyambira machiritso onse pamwamba-kuuluka mbali ya mbewu.

inafikira

South-kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi Malaysia chimatengedwa ngati malo amene woimira kotentha ndi otentha M'madera a zitunda. Wokoma mgoza, yozizira hardiness ndi otsika, opezeka lero mu Asia East, lofala Mediterranean ndi Atlantic gombe la America, koma nyengo kumpoto chomera umapulumuka.

Mtengo - ndi enviable wopulumuka. Mu dziko muli zomera ochepa moyo zaka zoposa 1000, ndipo mu m'tsinde mwa nthawi Caucasus amadziwika popeza anawoloka chizindikiro 500 zapitazi. Kutalika pafupifupi moyo wa mgoza wa amati ndi chidwi nthawi - zaka 450-500.

wonena za

Onse a mitundu ya chestnuts a banja zotchuka mumamera ndipo wamtali mitengo, kufika mamita 30-35. Zomera - chimphona weniweni ndi kufalitsa korona yotakata ndipo molunjika mmwamba thunthu kucheza, m'mimba mwake amene angafikire mfundo mpaka mita awiri. Woderapo makungwa kuphimba thunthu mtengo, litadzala ndi ming'alu, kuya amene kumawonjezera ndi zaka. Ataliatali kumwaza nthambi kulenga chochuluka ndi korona wandiweyani. Mgoza masamba anawonjezera (mpaka 25 cm), ndi kuonekera m'mphepete notches oblong mofanana zikuluzikulu. mawonekedwe awo wokongola limatsindika dongosolo wandiweyani ndi yowutsa mudyo mdima mtundu wobiriwira. Tsamba limamasula oyambirira April.

Wokoma mgoza - mtengo duwa. The choonetsedwa ndi chidwi ndi inu kumuwona iye mu June. Small wowala maluwa, anasonkhana inflorescences spicate, yokutidwa chikhalidwe, kukopa kuyang'anitsitsa wa odutsa ndi kulimbikitsa mungu tizilombo.

zipatso

Fruiting mbewu akuyamba mu October ndi November, ndi chiyambi cha defoliation. Edible chipatso cha mgoza wa - weniweni mtedza wandiweyani kapangidwe chikasu kapena kirimu yofiira. Akufotokozera mu zoteteza chigoba cupule okonzeka ndi spikes olimba ndi kutetezera zosautsa zosiyanasiyana. Aliyense chipolopolo ngati zipse chimodzi - atatu mtedza, inatuluka Cupule mng'alu, wosasamalira chipatso.

Mtedza mitundu monga wokoma mgoza edible, kudya, ndi mtundu wawo inedible, monga chipatso cha ku mgoza kavalo, ndi zipangizo kwambiri yaiwisi ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka. Zipatso sweetish kulawa, ndi dongosolo pang'ono looser ndi zikuchokera wapadera wa zakudya.

Edible mgoza zikuwoneka osiyana kavalo pang'ono ananena mabokosi nsonga imene Muzu wa. Pambuyo kuchotsa mtedza yokolola kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa iwo mwamsanga youma, kukhala Chimaona ndi kutaya ogula katundu wawo.

Castanea sativa: zothandiza katundu ndi ntchito

Zikuchokera chestnuts wapadera, iwo amapanga pochita ya mchere, mavitamini ndi unsaturated mafuta zidulo, macro- ndipo tifufuza zinthu ndi mankhwala awo. Mosiyana ndi zina mtedza mgoza muli osachepera kuchuluka kwa mafuta, zomwe zimachititsa bwino kwa mankhwala chakudya zakudya. Olemera mapuloteni mgoza zipatso, shuga zachilengedwe mbewu michere.

Mtedza zili zofunika monga chakudya. Iwo ntchito mwatsopano kapena pansi kuphika kulikonse: yokazinga, anaphika, steamed, anawonjezera kuti ophika buledi ndi Confectionery mankhwala. Milled wokazinga chestnuts - m'malo kwambiri khofi.

Kuwonjezera zipatso mikhalidwe yapadera ndi masamba a mtengo, okhutira mkulu wa tannins ndi pectins mu kumene angakathandizidwe kupopera mankhwala ndi kupoletsa mabala, kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.

Castanea sativa: kukula

Culture zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu kapena vegetatively - cuttings. Mungu ndi tizilombo mgoza. Fruiting mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuyamba pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ena - ndi chaka 3-6-TH cha moyo, ena - kuchokera 25. lapansi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ndi chodzala mu kubzala munda mgoza wodzala amasamala makamaka za gawo kukongoletsa a mkati mwa dziko, ndipo chachiwiri - imapereka zokolola za ana mtedza ndi adzukulu monga zokolola zake kuchotsa izo Sizotheka. Koma wamaluwa odziwa amati chitsanzo 40 wazaka mosavuta kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 60-70 mtedza.

Wokoma mgoza bwino mizu pa dzuwa, m'madera kutetezedwa ndi dothi ndale breathable chonde. Chinyezi-wachikondi chikhalidwe salola chilala, kotero kusamalira zomera achinyamata zofunika kwambiri.

Kukula kwa mbewu

Monga tanena kale, mgoza - amachokera subtropical ofunda ndi sangakhoze kulekerera chisanu, Chimakula bwino greenhouses ndi conservatories, komanso kunyumba chikhalidwe cha "bonsai" luso Japanese.

Pezani zonse mgoza mtengo mbewu akhoza kwathunthu wakucha ndi kugwa kwa mtengo. Kumera Mkhalidwe amafuna stratification yaitali, omwe amatsanzira zachilengedwe, masoka njira. Mbewu anayikidwa mu chidebe, kutsanulira youma mtsinje mchenga ndi kuikidwa mu firiji kapena chapansi. Patapita miyezi 5-6 mwawathila kotero mbewu ya mgoza wa zingabzalidwe kumera.

Iwo anayikidwa mu gawo lapansi kuchokera chisakanizo cha pansi nkhuni ndi tsamba nkhungu. Aliyense mtedza yabzalidwa mu chitini osiyana ndi mphamvu malita 4-5. Kuti magawowa kumera pamaso kufesa mbewu kusungidwa madzi ofunda masiku 5-6. Chinakula ndi 10 cm. Stratified, iwo zimere mwamsanga, mwa masiku 15-20. mbande Zidamera ndi kuziika mu kasupe pamalo lotseguka dzuwa, ngodya shaded wa mitengo m'munda mgoza si abwino.

Tikufika malo kukonzekera pasadakhale kuti n'chongoletsa acidity owonjezera nthaka, kuwonjezera pa 1 mita ² 500-600 magalamu dolomite ndi kukumba chapamwamba topsoil ndi humus. Pamaso mbande kudzala iwo anaumitsa, powapatsa mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse kwa milungu iwiri. Anabzala yotseguka zomera nthaka mizu kukula intensively. Iwo amafuna yokonza ophweka koma zonse.

Kodi kusamalira zomera achinyamata

Pakuti madera ofunda wofatsa nyengo Castanea sativa zomera ndi kukula n'kosavuta, ndi kokha kuperekedwa mbewu pang'ono chidwi, kuchita njira mwachizolowezi zidayika maonekedwe a mitundu komanso njira kulima kulima.

Kuthandiza kukula kwa zomera wamng'ono, inu nthawi zonse tiyenera kulimira nthaka makungwa a mtengo, kumasula ndi madzi chomera akamavutika. Mgoza sakonda atayanika kunja nthaka, koma pa nthawi iye anayamba amphamvu wapampopi mizu kuchotsa madzi amene sikovuta. zomera Komabe mizu sayenera anakhudzidwa ndi kusowa kwa madzi.

Edible chestnuts sangathe ndi otsika hardiness amafuna m'misasa yozizira, ngakhale chakula makhalidwe abwino Crimea. Monga m'misasa ntchito nutrasil kapena ena omwe si nsalu zinthu zozitetezera.

Kudulira: mwaukhondo ndi kupanga

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito watsiku ndi wachikondi, mgoza zofunika yokonza, n'kupanga korona, kupereka kukongoletsa ndiponso kupewa thickening ndi zochitika za matenda a chiyambi osiyana. Kugwira kudulira mu kasupe oyambirira, kuchotsa zowonongeka, matenda, ofooka ndi kukula mkati nthambi korona. Mapangidwe korona ikuchitika pa chomera msinkhu, kumanga malinga amakonda zofuna. Castanea sativa, chithunzi cha amene anapereka m'buku - mtengo zazikulu. Komabe, chitsanzo moyo wa woimira mumamera kukula m'munda anu - zochititsa chidwi ndi zofunika zomera kwa wamaluwa m'madera kum'mwera.