Kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira: malamulo ndi kutalika

Kukhala mlimi - uyu si sayansi wapadera, komanso luso wochenjera. Sitepe iliyonse n'kofunika, aliyense kanthu kumatanthauza chitukuko bwino wa njuchi kapena imfa ya madera njuchi. Ndi mavuto lalikulu liti limene mlimi - wintering njuchi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri bwino yozizira - kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira. Za kufanana, amene ntchito, nthawi ndi kutentha kudyetsa feeders cholinga ichi Tikambirana zina.

Terms of kudya njuchi

Pamaso mlimi ali zolinga zikuluzikulu ziwiri:

• mabanja Bee kupereka zinthu kwa moyo wabwinobwino ndi matenda a njuchi chitukuko.
• Kupeza mkulu zokolola za mankhwala njuchi. Izi chingapezeke pokhapokha ngati zinthu zofunika: tizilombo ayenera kulandira zakudya ndalama chofunika.

Kuti tichite zimenezi, mufunika kuonetsetsa madera njuchi zinthu zitatu:

1. Spring ziphuphu ayenera kuthandiza chitukuko cha njuchi yotheka ndi amphamvu.

2. Chief ziphuphu ayenera anawonjezera nthawi ndi chidwi mu Volume, kuti njuchi angathandize ntchito mankhwala apiculture.

3. Yophukira ziphuphu ayenera umalimbana kulimbitsa ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu njuchi njuchi.

Features wa kudya yophukira-yozizira

Ngati uchi zachilengedwe madera njuchi chakudya si kokwanira, muyenera kuchita feteleza njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira. Malamulo a makhalidwe ake ena nthawi chimango:

1. Popeza August ayenera kuyamba kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira. Anapangira mu shuga manyuchi: 1 makilogalamu a shuga - 1.5 malita a madzi. Gawo ntchito tsiku - mpaka magalamu 300 pa mng'oma. manyuchi Izi anafuna kuti njuchi wamkulu, amene reworking kwa dzinja kufota.

2. mwake kwa dzinja ayenera kukhala okonzeka September. Ngati madera pa nthawi ino amaonabe kufunika chakudya, ndi madzi ndende ayenera ziwonjezeke. Zikatero, pafupi feteleza njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira: 3 2 - chiŵerengero shuga ndi madzi. Komanso kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya mlingo tsiku - malita atatu. Izi ndi zofunika mwamsanga lembani maselo.

3. Zima chakudya ndi zonse kudya ndi uchi kapena shuga madzi mu ndende ochepa. Daily Mlingowu - magalamu 15-30.

4. Pamene hibernation akubwera kutha mu chimango zisa kutsanulira madzi ofunda ndi kuika chimango mu mng'oma kumene chisanadze kutsukidwa selo kanthu. Ndiye muyenera kuti adzathe apange kutchinjiriza kwa mng'oma.

Kudyetsa njuchi kugwa

M'dzinja. Akufika wintering nyumba njuchi amafuna kotunga kubwezeretsa, chifukwa kutsogolo kwa wofooka ndi zovuta kwa nthawi madera njuchi - yozizira, ndi kuchenjerera ake onse ndi nkhanza. bwinobwino kuti njuchi lake anapulumuka anali wokonzeka kuphuka kubereka yotheka, ndi mankhwala apiculture, ayenera bwinobwino mwamsanga kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira zimathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto angapo:

• kukonzekera zofunika chakudya m'matangadza ngati madera njuchi sangakhoze kupirira ntchito okha;
• zoperewerazo uchi, umene wakhala kudzipatula pa mapeto a waukulu uchi otaya;
• m'malo uchi ndi crystallization mofulumira ndi apamwamba paini uchi madzi;
• ndidzayimba njuchi zochiritsa ndi njira njira, ngati kuti panafunika.

Kuti ogwira chakudya yozizira amaona bwino zachilengedwe uchi, zamaluwa zofunika. Koma sikuti kupeza kusiya njuchi. Pankhaniyi m'pofunika kuthetsa funso mmene podkormlivat njuchi shuga manyuchi.

Bwanji Mng'oma wa madzi?

Nkofunika mu kugwa kuletsa depreciation amphamvu njuchi, ndikofunika asatope, amene tizilombo zikung'amba polysaccharides ndi kusindikizidwa selo. Iwo amayenera kuchita ntchito zofunika mwamsanga. Mu ndondomeko imeneyi, ayenera kuthandiza mlimi - m'pofunika kupereka kudya njuchi shuga manyuchi mu yozizira, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kufanana zotsatirazi: 3 kg shuga, malita 2 madzi. Izi kupereka yankho kuti ndi omasuka kwambiri kwa processing wa madera njuchi - 64%.

Mmodzi chimake madzi kupanga:

1. M'pofunika kutenga shuga, onetsetsani kuyatsa.
2. Thirani madzi mu chidebe woyera ndi kubweretsa kwa chithupsa.
3. Thirani shuga mu madzi otentha ndipo akuyambitsa ndi kuyimisa nchito nyumbayi.
4. N'zotheka (koma osati zinafunika) kubweretsa madzi kwa chithupsa ndi kuchotsa kutentha yomweyo. Contraindicated zokolola madzi kuwira, chifukwa ngati shuga udzayaka, zidzakhala unusable kwa njuchi.
5. Kuziziritsa madzi digiri 30 ndi kugawira njuchi. Ozizira madzi madera njuchi zikuwavuta kutenga.

Pali mphindi zofunika m'kati kukonza madzi, zomwe muyenera kulabadira:

1. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi zofewa. Mfundo yakuti mu madzi molimba kumawonjezera mlingo wa crystallization madzi. Akamwedwa monga maziko madzi zovuta, choyamba kofunika kukhazikika kenako okha ayambe kupanga madzi.
2. Pofuna kubweretsa shuga manyuchi kuti khalidwe acidic uchi maluwa, madzi ayenera kutsanulira asidi acetic (70%) mu chiwerengero cha shuga pa makilogalamu - magalamu 0,3. Molingana Izi adzabweretsa phindu lina - iyende njira ya nosema.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya - chinsinsi overwintering bwino

M'midzi Bee ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya ndalama zomwe zidzathandiza lililonse njuchi bwinobwino overwinter. Koma Sizotheka kuti molondola kuwerengera ndalama zofunika chakudya ichi. Imeneyi, njira yachidule - kupereka chakudya lalikulu zedi. Ngati chakudya si ntchito zonse, kudzakhala kotheka kuti ndilembe m'chaka cha mabanja njuchi.

M'pofunika dziwani kuti, powapatsa kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi mu yozizira, chofunika kudziwa chiwerengero cha chakudya ndi makamaka njuchi njuchi, amaganizira zinthu zina:

• zomwe dera ndi njuchi Mu kum'mwera yochepa yozizira Choncho, m'madera amenewa kum'mwera m'matangadza chakudya ayenera kukhala zochepa;
• akudutsa ngati wintering pa msewu kapena Zimovniki: ngati njuchi m'nyengo yozizira pa msewu, iwo amafuna chakudya kuposa nthawi yozizira ku omshanike;
• banja mphamvu: banja, wintering Mwachitsanzo, pa chimango eyiti ayenera kukhala zambiri nkhokwe zimam'patsa kuposa banja akugwira yozizira mu mafelemu asanu.

Mafelemu amene anaika mu kagawo kwa dzinja, chakudya ayenera kukhala ndi owonjezera makilogalamu awiri okwana 9-15 makilogalamu chakudya mankhwala. Ena alimi, kupereka malangizo kuonetsetsa kuti kudya njuchi shuga manyuchi mu yozizira, akulangizidwa kuonjezera chakudya ndi makilogalamu 30.

Kuti akonzanso shuga manyuchi, njuchi amathera mphamvu lalikulu zedi, choncho mbali ya chakudya amapita ku ayambe mphamvu mwakhama. Pa nkhani imeneyi, maselo si madzi onse imakonzedwanso. Tiyeneranso n'komwe pamene mafunso mmene podkormlivat njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira.

Pamene fetereza?

alimi watsopano nthawi zambiri nkhawa za funso liti feteleza kumayamba njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira. Terms akamaliza njira ayenera kukhala yemweyo - pasanafike pa 10 September, kuyambira kwa ndondomekoyi - August, nyengo ino ndi Lamulo mapeto a chiphuphu chachikulu ndi kukatseka ikukoka uchi.

Chifukwa chake n'chakuti pa processing wa madzi ndi zimachitika avale njuchi. Chifukwa, tizilombo amene reprocesses izo, mpaka kasupe sadzatha kupulumuka. Apulumuke yozizira okha njuchi achinyamata kuti anali yofuna mu kugwa ana.

Ngati ndondomeko kudya chidzachitika pa mwezi wonse wa September, zingaoneke mavuto awiri aakulu:

1) kwa ndondomeko processing wa madzi kulumikizana njuchi achinyamata, komanso kuvala pa processing chakudya ndipo sadzapulumuka yozizira.

2) Ngati madzi timadzi tokoma idzayenda mu kagawo kwa nthawi yaitali, chiberekero muzigwira ndi chizindikiro kuti ziphuphu ikupitirira, ndipo adzakhala mphutsi, ndiye, kuikira mazira kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Kumene anatuluka njuchi chifukwa cha nyengo azilandira ozizira sadzakhala ndi nthawi kuti flyby wanu woyamba, akakula tuluka mwa ana a. Iwo adzasiya mng'oma m'manyi, ndi njuchi kukhala a maselo amenewa kutenga uchi. Komanso, kungachititse kuti maonekedwe a nosema.

The chifukwa zidzakhala zoopsa - banja adzawonongeka.

Ngati zonse zichitike molondola, mu nthawi yomwe chakudya ndi zabwino mokwanira, timadzi tokoma otaya adzaleka, chiberekero mabasi mazira shelving.

Poti momveka bwino: kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kuchitidwa mu magawo oyambirira. Yoyenera kudya mvetsetsa yabwino pa achinyamata, ndi watsopano, chifukwa tizilombo wamng'ono safuna kucheza khama potuluka m'badwo wotsatira.

Kodi mtundu wa mbalame wodyetsa mungasankhe?

Wodyetsa njuchi kudyetsa madera njuchi. Pankhani mmene kudyetsa njuchi ndi shuga manyuchi pa nyengo yozizira, kudya kulandira chithandizo chapadera. Mu masiku njuchi wodyetsa ndi mchitidwe mng'oma. Mu minda njuchi munthu kusankha ndi mlimi.

Feeders yosiyanasiyana ndipo anaika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Chimango wodyetsa. Small-kakulidwe bokosi matabwa kapena pulasitiki, okhoza kugwira madzi. M'lifupi ndi wamkulu kuposa m'lifupi chimango mng'oma, kotero kumbali ya nyumba njuchi. The manyuchi udzathiridwa kupyolera nyuzi mu chimango, ndiyeno popachika mu njuchi pafupi chisa.
• Letkovye feeders. Prilotnoy anaika pa bolodi, anaika mu chidebe kukalowa wodzazidwa ndi chakudya.
• Capacitive feeders. Phula anapitiriza vacuo. Iwo chili njuchi, madzi amapita ku mabowo Small. Monga ufa izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mabanki.
• Wodyetsa Miller. Wokwera pamwamba pa mng'oma anapereka koyenera mosamala. An athandizira kwa njuchi.
• Tsegulani wodyetsa. muli Open imene manyuchi udzathiridwa. Iwo anaikidwa pafupi ndi khomo la mng'oma.
• Wodyetsa-raft. Anapangidwa kuchokera plywood, ntchito ndi lotseguka ufa-mbiya mkulu buku.
• Pansi wodyetsa. Matabwa bala-nagumula khoma lili mumng'oma pafupi pakhomo. Kusiyana chifukwa ladzala ndi madzi.

Feeders phukusi

N'zotheka kupereka kudya njuchi shuga manyuchi kwa dzinja mu pulasitiki matumba zipper. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ambiri mapepala apulasitiki, koma wabwino - n'kofunika kupewa chotupa cha phukusi.

manyuchi udzathiridwa mu kaphukusi amene njuchi akuyamwitsa kudzera amacheka anapanga tsamba lakuthwa. Pamene anathira mu phukusi madzi chazirala, akatulutsidwa phukusi mpweya owonjezera ndi knotted mtolo pamwamba pa madzi mpaka 3 masentimita. Amacheka phukusi sangachite, kuyambira njuchi okha akhoza kudziluma mwa filimu woonda, kupeza kudyetsa. Phukusi anayikidwa pa mipiringidzo chapamwamba chimango. Ndiye knotted thumba n'kuwaza wokonzeka madzi, zinapanga mikwingwirima, kumene nyambo.

ufa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa otsika kutentha yozungulira, chifukwa likamatenthetsa yokha banja njuchi. Mlingo ntchito shuga manyuchi pa nthawi apatsidwe kutenga nkhani mphamvu za madera njuchi. Choncho, banja njuchi, ali zamphamvu, akhoza pokonza ndi madzi mu kuchuluka kwa malita mpaka 6 usiku wina, izo kuchepa kuchuluka kwa masika.

Mtengo wa feeders amenewa wapangidwa okha mtengo wa phukusi. The drawback yekha ndi phukusi izi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi kokha, ndi m'malo ndi wina watsopano chofunika kusokoneza njuchi njuchi.

Kukakamizidwa feteleza m'nyengo yozizira

Nthawi zina mapeto a January pakufunika kugwira feteleza zina m'nyengo yozizira. Izi kudya - ndi muyeso amakakamizidwa ndi si zofunika.

Kwa alimi novice, funso mmene kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi pa nyengo yozizira, malangizo sadzakhala superfluous:

1. Ngati pali kufunika kuwalanga kuvala mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuchepetsa mavuto obwera ayenera kusiya kusankha anthu a chakudya amene sayambitsa malemeredwe zosafunika wa banja njuchi ndipo amayambitsa kutsekula m'mimba.
2. Kumupatsa mwana chakudya, muyenera kuvulaza ena kalabu, ndipo ngati n'kotheka kupewa relegation kwa mng'oma wa banja njuchi.
3. Zima kudya bwino anachita ndi ntchito chakudya wandiweyani: shuga maswiti kapena maswiti. Iwo anaika pamwamba kalabu njuchi.
4. Ngati mukufuna feteleza njuchi shuga manyuchi pa nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumene inu mukhoza kuchita izo - ndi nkhani yaikulu. kuvala amenewa tidzapambana ngati Zimovniki kutentha 3 mpaka 5 ^Inu C.
5. Shuga manyuchi kutentha kwa 25-30 ^{° C} ladzala ndi selo wodyetsa mabanki, denga wodyetsa ndi kuziika pafupi kalabu njuchi, kuphimba denga ndi insulated mng'oma.
6. Ngati otsika kutentha zikhale zosatheka Zimovniki kudya, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa banja njuchi kwa tsiku mu mwapadera okonzeka chipinda mdima pamene kutentha ²⁵ ° C. Izi imayendetsa njuchi kusiya yozizira club ndi mwachangu anayala kudutsa m'dera la chisa kufunafuna chakudya.
7. Pambuyo tsiku la madera njuchi kupirira kumbuyo mu winterer, ndi mu malo ake kubweretsa gulu latsopano akusowa kuvala.

Shuga manyuchi - ndi wintering bwino

Kudyetsa njuchi shuga manyuchi m'nyengo yozizira tidzapambana ngati mikwingwirima adzakhala ndi mwayi wophunzira bwino.

Pa kudya ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ena chiwerengero cha njuchi mwanjira iliyonse kuwonongeka kapena kusiya mng'oma. Ndipo koyipitsitsa nyengo, m'pamenenso kuti iwo akhoza kutayika. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti njuchi ndi zoipa anazindikira nkhondo ya m'gawo wawo. Pewani zomvetsa izi kuli kovuta, koma iwo akhoza sanamvere.

Kuti izi zichitike molondola feteleza njuchi shuga manyuchi pa nyengo yozizira, malamulo kudyetsa ayenera kuchitidwa kutenga nkhani zofunika kuchuluka kwa shuga madzi ndi kutenga nkhani nthawi ndi kudyetsa kutentha. Pokhapokha ngati zinthu zonse kuti uchi ndi quality, ndi njuchi kukhala yotheka.