Chionetsero choyamba ulimi mu Russia amene ndi pamene bungwe ndipo anagwira?

Woyamba Russian chionetsero ayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX. The Mlengi wa chilengedwe chake chinali Unduna wa Zachuma. Mu 1837 unakhazikitsidwa Ministry of State Katundu, zinthu anasamala mwapadera chitukuko cha ulimi. Chionetsero choyamba ulimi mu Russia chinathandiza mapangidwe linkachita, kuwonjezera chingalimbikitse chitukuko cha nyama husbandry ndi ulimi.

Kukonzekera chionetsero loyamba

Mu 1842 Tsar Nicholas Ine zinakambidwa ndi unduna wa State maganizo kukhazikitsa zisudzo, amene adzakhala pa ntchito anasonyeza lokhudza kumidzi, ziweto ndi ulimi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kutsogozedwa ndi unduna wa P. D. Kiselev, anatiuza kuti chionetsero yoyamba m'chigawo Novorossiysk. Nkhani yaikulu zikusonyeza pa nthawi zinyama. Nicholas Ine linavomereza lapansi. Choncho 1842 iye anapereka lamulo pa ndondomeko ya zisudzo mu Russia.

Chionetsero choyamba ulimi mu Russia ankakonza mosamala kwambiri, m'nyuzipepala aphimbidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mu January 1842 mu "Odessa boma yotchedwa Gazette" lofalitsidwa nkhani za lamulo pa chionetserocho. Mu February, onse yodziwa malamulo chionetsero, makalatawa naintini ndime. Patapita kanthawi, onse aphunzire review pulogalamu. Anavomereza kuti chionetsero okha a chigawo Novorossiysk nyama ng'ombe, ng'ombe, nkhosa, akavalo, ng'ombe, nkhumba. Mu July 1843 Nicholas Ine ovomerezeka chithunzi mendulo kwa awarding ophunzira bwino. mbali imodzi zili chifanizo cha zinyama, winayo - analembapo kuti ikusonyezedwa, kuti mphoto kuperekedwa ndi unduna wa State Katundu.

Chionetsero mu Odessa

Chionetsero choyamba ulimi mu Russia mu 1843 lidatseguka Odessa mu September. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anatsegula ndi Woyera Cross chilungamo, iye anali ndi chinayi ndi nthawi ovomerezeka. Mwachindunji nawo review kampani anatenga ulimi wa Southern District nyama. Kuchokera mafotokozedwe a gulu loyamba la chionetsero cha ziweto mungathe kuona kuti anthu onse okhala Odessa akondweretsedwa kuti azipereka pa chochitika. chochitika chotero unachitikira m'madera izi kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo izo zonse zinali zosangalatsa umboni perete zachilendo nyama akumidzi. Chionetsero choyamba ulimi mu Russia sanabadwe anapereka ambiri ophunzira, koma zinaonekeratu kuti zonse adzadabwa kwambiri chitukuko cha ulimi. Pomwepo tinaganiza kugwira chionetsero ofanana pano ndipo m'chaka chotsatira kwa chigawo Novorossiysk, bungwe anaikizidwa Society of Agriculture. Dziwani kuti m'chigawo Yaroslavl m'chaka chomwecho inachitikanso chionetsero ulimi.

Awarding wa opindula

Itatha yoyamba chionetsero ulimi mu Russia inatha, ndi wapadera ulaliki wa mphoto kwa opambana. Ngwazi za mwambo anakhala nyama akumidzi. Izi choonetsedwa ulemu waukulu Odessa, ndipo ngakhale lonse Russia silinakwaniritsidwe kotero asonkhane mazana chidwi. chochitika wakhala dziko holide vnesoslovnym. A malo apadera linali chokongoletsedwa ndi mbendera, anthu ambiri pamalowo malonda nyumba chilungamo. Mphindi ya mfumu ulimi Society za zotsatira za chionetsero masiku atatu anali kuwerenga commissars "osiyanasiyana." Nyama korona mphoto, phokoso la nyimbo zapita mozungulira. Pambuyo mendulo onse anapatsidwa, opambana adakonzeka ndi maluwa, maliboni ndi kunyamulidwa chilungamo. Pambuyo pake, kumanda unaturuka m'misewu waukulu mumzinda, kumene moni okhala mokondwera. Music zinamveka panjira.

zisudzo wotsatira

Pambuyo bwino zisudzo choyamba mu 1845 Nicholas Ine analengeza "lamulo wapamwamba". Iwo anauzidwa kuti atembenuke ndi ziweto chionetsero, kukuza anasonyeza ntchito zina zaulimi. A udindo waukulu mu gulu unachita Minister P. D. Kiselev, pa nthawi anali nawo kusintha ulimi mu Russia. Mfumu anazindikira kuti zimene zinachitikira chionetserocho ndi zothandiza pa chitukuko cha ulimi, ndipo anauza Minister kugawira zinachitikira chionetsero kudutsa Russia. Kuyambira pamenepo zochitika zofanana akhala akuchitika choyamba mu dera Novorossiysk, ndiyeno.

Kwa zaka sikisi mu zaka 1843-1849 m'madera osiyanasiyana a ufumuwo iwo unapangidwa bungwe, namgwira 23 zinthu zimenezi. Panthawi imeneyi, anatenga gawo 5802 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho woimira 14 076 chinthu, mphoto anapambana 1918 ophunzira. Amene ankachita nawo zisudzo izi? Pamlingo kwambiri pa malamulo a Akuluakulu a kunena wamba. Utumiki mu 1849, unakhazikitsidwa zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi (aliyense monga zigawo 5-6), umene unayamba kugwira zisudzo zonse. Onse-Russian ulimi Chotsimikizika mafakitale chionetsero unapangidwa bungwe mu 1849. luso limene tingaphunzire mawonekedwe zinthu zimenezi ndi kukhala osati gawo zaulimi komanso Chotsimikizika, kupanga fakitale.

Chionetsero mu St. Petersburg

Mu 1850, pa njira imene a Free Economic Society of ulimi Exhibition unapangidwa bungwe ku St. Petersburg. Iwo unachitikira pano chapakati Hall Exhibition (poyamba m'bwalolo wa Moyo alonda Regiment). Kuyambira pamenepo, chifukwa zisudzo ku St. Petersburg anayamba ntchito zambiri capacious likulu nyumba - playpens, zachifumu ekzertsirgauzy. Chionetsero akupereka za 3000 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ku Russia. Chokongoletsera chionetserocho anapatsidwa wamanga Corsini. Mu pakatikati pa gazebo yaing'ono mtundu wa kachisi kumidzi inali. Chokongoletsedwa ake mitolo, zitsamba, zomera, maluwa, zipangizo zaulimi ndi. folklore amasonyeza unapangidwa bungwe, kwa nthawi yoyamba, amene anaitanidwa wamba zovala chikondwerero Kurland, Vyborg ndi Mogilev chigawo. Exhibition mkati anali chokongoletsedwa monga zomera, kuchuluka kwa masamba, zipatso. Nearby iwo unapangidwa bungwe zomera kumene chionetsero unachitikira kwa woyamba akavalo nthawi dray.

Chionetsero Moscow

Imperial Moscow Society of Agriculture bungwe chionetsero woyamba m'bwalolo mu 1846. Ndiye chionetsero ulimi mu 1852 anakhala chochitika mokweza mu moyo wa mzinda. Nawo anali osiyana kwambiri strata a anthu. Pa tsiku m'bwalomo nawo anthu zikwi zingapo. nyumbayo chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa, ngala za tirigu, masamba, zipatso. Aliyense mlendo anakhala pamaso mapu zikuluzikulu zimene zinasonyeza gawo European la Russia. Mu chionetserochi, nthawi yoyamba anayamba kukonzekeretsa ngodya m'mphepete zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, kumene aziwonetsero azipereka zipambano zawo zonse pa dziko. Modabwitsa ankawoneka "East m'chihema" kutsogolo zimene zinali awiri mannequin zovala national: mountaineer ndi akazi Caucasus. Pano ndi madipatimenti kwa alimi, sericulture. Kwa nthawi yoyamba alendo yachilendo tinaitanidwa, amene anasonyeza okolola American.

History ENEA

Kumene kunali zithaphwi Ostankino, mu 1934 ndi NKVD omwazika msasa Gypsy, ndipo patapita zaka zinayi, panali amodzi mwa malo otchuka pakati alendo likulu - ulimi Exhibition ku ENEA. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndinapita pano aliyense wa anthu eyiti pa dziko. Mbiri ya chilengedwe anayamba pa II Onse-Union Congress la Mgwirizano Farm. Nthumwi akatulukire kwa Party Communist, ndi komiti yaikulu chionetsero chinakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo la akuluakulu.

Nawo anasankha bwino mu Zonse-Union Exhibition. M'zaka 1937-1938 boma minda, minda gulu, MTS anafunika kugonjera ena kofunikira kwambiri, bungwe ndi atsogoleri kupanga - chaka cha 1938. Ndendende chifukwa cha ichi aziwonetsero chikhalidwe pa kuonetsa anali yaikulu.

Popularity chionetsero ulimi mu USSR

Popularity pakati pa chionetsero pagulu cha zipambano za Economy National anakhala yaikulu. Pakuti ufulu kutenga nawo mbali pa izo atsatira kwa aziwonetsero 250 zikwi. Komiti chionetsero lokhazikitsidwa kwa opambana mphoto yapamwamba. Izo zinakonzedwa kupereka zikwi digiri yoyamba ndi masatifiketi zikwi zinai za mlingo wachiwiri. Opindula digiri oyambirira galimoto ndi rubles zikwi khumi, wachiwiri - zikwi zisanu ndi njinga yamoto. Kuti chachikulu mendulo zikwi zitatu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono golide ndi khumi zikwi yaikuluikulu mendulo siliva anali okonzeka. Panalinso bala Lemekezani Book, lomwe aliyense exhibitor kuwina, ndi kukhala ndi moyo wake onse.

Yomanga ENEA anali mu zaka za ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, amene anathandiza kuti zopereka yofunika kwambiri Moscow zomangamanga. Exhibition mzinda wotanganidwa mahekitala 136, kuphatikizapo m'mapaki mchere, nyumba 250.

Chionetsero choyamba ulimi mu Russia, yomwe tsiku kugwa mu zaka za m'ma XIX, ndithudi, sanapite poyerekeza aliyense ndi polojekitiyi lonse, ndi mphamvu, ndipo unakhala mu XX atumwi.

Kutsegula chionetsero cha zipambano Economic

Exhibition mzinda wokonzedwera kwa kutsegula kwa anthu onse Soviet. Tinayesetsa pano chifukwa cha zabwino ambuye zabwino. Mapulani Geylfreh, Shuko, Chechulin Polyakov, ziboliboli ndi monumentalists Motovilov Konenkov, Bubnov, Deineka ndi ena. akatswiri zoposa zikwi ziwiri kutsogoleredwa ndi wamanga Chernyshev.

Chochitika unachitikira pa kutsegula pa August 1, 1939. Analipo pa nthawi yomweyo atsogoleri a boma la Soviet. Abale onse anakumana ndi chosema wotchuka Zimauluka "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman". Choyimira cha chionetserocho sanali zochepa wotchuka zikuchokera alimi losonkhanitsidwa ndi dalaivala thalakitala amene anali mutu wake pamwamba pa mtolo wa makutu golide. chithunzi ataimirira kuti nsanja 50 mita-mkulu wa hema chachikulu cha chionetserocho. The hema chachikulu pa chionetsero ulimi anali chokongoletsedwa ndi zovala za manja a mayiko a yonse. Asanalowe holo anatambasula yaikulu m'dera la ulimi. bwalo A ndi hema kumene iwo anali payokha anapereka mayiko kumadela zigawo zonse. Aliyense kumanga yodziwika ndi apachiyambi, miyambo ya anthu a mtundu makamaka. Atayenda padziko pavilions pali kumverera kuyenda kudutsa dziko lalikulu, kuyambira M'madera a zitunda kumpoto mpaka kotentha, ku Baltic ku Far East. Choncho chachikulu chinali dziko lathu, kumene aliyense anali ndi mwayi wapadera kwa izo.