Ayn Rand ndi buku lake "Virtu of Selfishness"

"Ubwino wa kudzikonda" ndi umodzi mwa mabuku achipembedzo a ku America, omwe kale sanadziwika ku Russia. Koma anthu ochepa okha amadziwa amene analemba bukuli. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tsogolo la wolembayo ndi losangalatsa kwambiri.

Childhood Anne Reid

Wolemba mtsogolo anabadwa ku St. Petersburg kwa banja lachiyuda. Pa kubadwa iye analandira dzina lakuti Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum. Ubale wofunda, wodzaza ndi chikondi ndi kumvetsetsa, unasungidwa ndi wolemba mtsogolo ndi bambo ake. Ndi amayi ake, amayi opanda nzeru komanso ovuta, sizinali zotheka kupeza chinenero chimodzi.

Alisa anali ndi alongo atatu. Koma adatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chake pozindikira kuti adziwa kale kuwerenga ndi kulemba zaka zinayi. Popanda kukhala ndi moyo m'moyo weniweni, msungwanayo adawapeza ochulukirapo m'mabuku. Alice anali mwana wodekha, wamanyazi komanso wodekha, kotero sankakhoza kudzitama ndi ojambula osiyanasiyana. Anzake omwe ankakonda kwambiri anali olemba komanso amphamvu. Pakati pa oyambirira, iye ankakonda Hugo koposa, mmodzi mwa anthuwa anali Koresi, yemwe anali wolimba mtima wa ku France, amene adamudabwitsa ndi kulimba mtima. Pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi kwa Rosenbaum panalibe kuwerenga kosavuta kuposa ma buku a ku France.

Ali akadali kamtsikana kakang'ono, Alice adalimbikitsa kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Anakwiya kwambiri pamene adawerenga penapake kapena anamva mawu akuti mkaziyo ali pakhomo. Anakopeka ndi maulendo ake ndi mayiko akutali. Koma dziko la Alice linawonongedwa mwamsanga. Msungwanayo ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inayamba. Achibale ambiri a mlembi wamtsogolo analembedwera kutsogolo. Iwo sanabwerere kwawo.

Achinyamata

Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa vuto loyamba m'banja la Rosenbaum ndi lachiwiri. Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inalowetsedwa ndi Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe. Ndiyeno bambo a Alice anataya zonse zomwe anali nazo. Iwo anasandulika kukhala banja losauka logwira ntchito, lomwe linkayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kukhala ndi chakudya cha mtundu wina.

Atapita kusukulu, mtsikanayo anapita kukaphunzira ndi wolemba mbiri. Anamasulira momasuka maganizo odzaza ndi chikhulupiriro mu umunthu ndi woona mtima. Mphamvu yake inali akadali Hugo. Koma pamodzi ndi iye mu moyo anaonekera Nietzsche, ndi ntchito imene Alice anakumana kale ophunzira.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Rosenbaum adagwira ntchito kanthawi. Kenaka adaganiza kuchoka kudziko ndikupita ku America. Chilichonse chinaperekedwa ngati ulendo wa masabata awiri ku Chicago. Koma kale Alisa anaganiza kuti sangabwerere ku St. Petersburg.

Moyo wotengedwa

Pamene wolemba mtsogolo adali ku New York, adali ndi sutikesi yokha yokhala ndi zinthu zaumwini, chojambulajambula, chogulidwa ndi amayi ake atagula zodzikongoletsera, komanso chidziwitso cha Chingerezi. Popeza sanali kudziŵa chikhalidwe cha Kumadzulo, Alice anazindikira kuti dzina lake lenileni silingathe kuchitika. Ndiye iye anaganiza kuti atenge cholakwika.

Anamutcha dzina lakuti Ein (Ain), ndipo adawonela dzinali pa chojambula chojambula chotchedwa "Remington Rand." Ndi dzina latsopano, anapita kukagonjetsa Hollywood. Ngakhale ndiye anali ndi maganizo m'mutu mwake omwe potsirizira pake adzakhazikitsidwa m'buku la "Virtu of Selfishness". Komabe, ndiye Ein sakanakhala wolemba, koma wojambula zithunzi kapena wojambula.

Ku Hollywood, Rand anakumana ndi mnyamata wina dzina lake Frank O'Connor, yemwe adakwatirana naye. Kotero iye adapeza osati mzanga wokhazikika, mkonzi ndi wowerenga mosamala, komanso ubale wa US.

Kukhwima ndi imfa

Ku US, Ein adapeza ufulu wokwanira kuyankhula, kulemba ndi kulalikira zomwe amakhulupirira. Ngakhale apo, adateteza maganizowo, omwe adzakhazikitsidwe mu ntchito "Ubwino wa kudzikonda." Wolemba nthawi zambiri anawonekera pamaso pa anthu, kutsimikizira kusagwirizana kwa chikomyunizimu. Ngakhale ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri iye anakana chipembedzo, powona kuti n'zosamveka komanso kochititsa manyazi.

Kwa zaka zambiri, mnzake weniweni wa Anne anali mwamuna wake. Ana omwe sanalipo. Wolembayo adapereka nthawi yake yogwira ntchito ndi kuteteza maganizo ake. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, adali ndi okondedwa ambiri omwe adayamba kukonda ndi mkazi ndi malingaliro ake komanso ndi maso oyaka. Izi ndi zomwe aliyense amakumbukira.

Rand anafa ku New York m'nyumba yake. Mkazi wake wovomerezeka anamwalira ngakhale kale. Sanaonepo kugwa kwa USSR. Komabe, ndinadziwa kuti tsiku lina tsikulo lidzabwera.

Chilengedwe

"Ubwino wodzikonda" si buku lokha komanso lodziwika kwambiri ndi Ain Rand. Anayamba ntchito yake ku St. Petersburg. Ngakhale pomwepo anazindikira kuti ndi mawu omwe munthu akhoza kulimbikitsa maganizo a anthu ambiri ndi kuwafikitsa ku bizinesi yamakono. Wouziridwa ndi olemba omwe ankamukonda. Kuwerenga Hugo, Rand sanasankhe kulemba za zomwe anthu ali, koma zomwe ayenera kukhala.

Mabuku ambiri anatuluka pansi pa cholembera chake. Iye analemba kuti "Ndife amoyo", "Source", "Atlant straightens shoulder", "Ubwino wodzikonda". Rand ankasindikizidwanso m'manyuzipepala ndi m'magazini osiyanasiyana. Mabuku ake sanasangalale nawo. Pokhala wotchuka kwambiri kumadzulo, izo sizinadziwike kwa aliyense mu USSR.

Ponena za buku la "Ubwino Wodzikonda"

Ayn Rand, akadali Alice Rosenbaum, anakwiya ndi zolembera za Soviet zomwe zimafuna kuti moyo wake ugwire ntchito m'dzikoli. Anakhulupirira kuti choyamba muyenera kudziganizira nokha. Ndipotu, Chikhristu chinatiphunzitsa kukonda anansi athu. Kodi munthu angakhale pafupi ndi munthu kuposa iye?

Malingaliro onsewa omwe mlembi analembanso m'mabuku ake. Panthawi ina iwo adakhala ochuluka kwambiri moti adasankha kusonkhanitsa zonse pamodzi ndikufalitsa pansi pa chiwonetsero chomwecho kwa onse mafani a Ein Rand. "Ubwino wa kudzikonda" unapanga mphepo kumadzulo ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali anakhalabe buku lotchuka. Pambuyo pa Soviet malo, bukuli linadziwika bwino kwambiri kuposa lomwe linafalitsidwa ku United States.

"Ubwino wa kudzikonda": ndemanga ndi ndemanga

Rand anali ndi mafilimu ambiri komanso otsutsa. Onsewa sakanatha kunyalanyaza kufalitsa kwa bukhu latsopano ndi wolemba. Ndipo ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri atamwalira, ntchito imakopekabe ndi anthu osiyanasiyana.

Ndemanga ndi ndemanga za bukhuli zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kuwerenga kwa anthu omwe ali okonzeka kumvetsera mwakachetechete malingaliro a wina aliyense popanda kumva zakuya ndi kukwiya, ngati sizikugwirizana ndi zawo. Rand anali mmodzi wa anthu omwe amagawaniza dziko lapansi kukhala lakuda ndi loyera, kukana kuzindikira mithunzi. Amakamba za ankhondo ndi mdani weniweni, amene adamufotokozera pamaso pa USSR. Wolembayo akugwirizana ndi mzimu wa nthawi yake. Choncho, kuti mbadwo uliwonse watsopano udziwe zolemba za wolemba, tiyenera kukonzekera maziko enieni a chidziwitso cha nthawi imeneyo.

Amatsutsa mabuku ena Rand "Chikondi chadyera." Maphunziro amati bukhuli liyenera kukhala lowerenga kuti azidziwana bwino ndi wolemba, ngakhale ngati ntchito yake yawerengedwa kale.

Anne Rand adakali mmodzi mwa anthu olankhula kwambiri za olemba padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti popeza imfa yake yapadziko lapansi yasintha kwambiri, malingaliro ake akupitirizabe kudandaula maganizo a owerenga.