Okhawo mu chuma - ndi ... okhawo ndi mpikisano mu chuma Russian. Udindo wa kuphangira mu chuma Russian

Zotsatira za okhawo pa chuma nthawi zonse linakhalapo wakhala kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, mmene akanakhalira zabwino ndi zoipa. Popeza zolakwa za makonzedwe ena a malamulo zokhudza ukulu wa kasamalidwe, kafukufuku okhawo nthawi zonse zofunika kwambiri.

tanthauzo

Kuphangira mu chuma makampani akuluakulu chinkhoswe mu kupanga ndi ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa mitundu limodzi kapena angapo katundu. pamaso pawo amakonda n'zotheka kupikisana. zinthu okhawo mu chuma mwayi pafupi mabizinesi ena.

zimayambitsa

N'chifukwa chiyani okhawo? Mu dera zachuma pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zimachititsa zikamera amakampani amenewa. The zifukwa monga:

1. Luso kuti ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha kusowa ogula kusankha.
2. The ndende ya ulimi ndi likulu.
3. Chosowa mpikisano.
4. centralization likulu - "mayamwidwe" zingapo za bizinesi yaing'ono.
5. Mwayi kugwiritsa zikuluzikulu malonda yachilendo pulogalamu.

Gawo

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zimene okhawo mu chuma akhoza kukhalapo. Ali:

• State ogwira ntchito. makampani amenewa ndi boma. zochita Normative anakonza malire, dongosolo zochita zawo.
• Natural okhawo. Mu chuma msika pali boma la dongosolo, chimene chimachita kufunika ogula adzakhala aluso, pakalibe mpikisano. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka zimaonetsa luso kupanga. Kupanga ichi, chimene akupangidwa ku mbewu, akhoza m'malo ndi mankhwala ena. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kusowa kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi kampani, pamlingo wocheperapo kudzadalira kusintha mtengo kusiyana ndi achilendo mankhwala ena.
• Tsegulani okhawo mu chuma - ndi vuto pamene pali luso latsopano, koma si katswiri. Choncho, kukhazikitsa zikuchitika pa magawo oyambirira, monga ulamuliro, limodzi lalikulu ntchito.

Udindo wa kuphangira mu chuma Russian

Companies wa mtundu uwu amakwaniritsa ndi ntchito zofunika la Russia. Udindo wa kuphangira mu chuma Russian, m'mawu chakuti boma la kampaniyo kumadalira mpikisano wa dziko m'bwalo lonse. Komanso chapadera kwambiri ndi ndi chitetezo cha boma ndi katundu opangidwa. The yamasika chifukwa mankhwala chopangidwa ankadya ndi lonse la anthu. Large mabizinezi-monopolists kunyamula magetsi, gasi, madzi, kupereka zoyendera kuphatikizapo njanji, ntchito mpweya, kupereka machitidwe aya, aya. zinthu zonsezi atengeka ndi anthu. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zimene kusiyanitsa okhawo aliyense mu chuma - ndi kukhazikitsa zopinga mkulu kulowa mu makampani specialization. Pamene pali sewerolo chimodzi chokha, zotsatira pa linanena bungwe la chimene chiri chachikulu, izo aumbike mwa kuchuluka kwa likulu kuti adzapanga makampani ena mpikisano. M'dziko, monga ulamuliro, palibe kuthekera kupirira kampani kuposa wina wotero.

Chilamulo Federal № 147

Act amapereka mndandanda wa Boma, omwe akhoza kuchita kampani imodzi okhawo. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Mayendedwe mpweya, mafuta ndi mafuta malonda kudzera mapaipi.
2. Kupereka chithandizo kwa kulanda kutentha ndi magetsi.
3. F / D kayendedwe.
4. Services osachiritsika (zoyendera ndege).
5. Dongosolo la kasamalidwe ntchito uthenga makampani magetsi.
6. Opaleshoni misonkhano ya mkati njira madzi zomangamanga.

Malinga ndi mndandanda, zimaonekeratu ntchito yaikulu okhawo mu chuma. mafakitale zimenezi zimakhudza zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa umoyo. Akamanena za okhawo mu chuma ndi zizipezeka katundu wofunikira, atagwira pa mulingo woyenera mlingo mtengo. Mwa makampani ambiri otchuka omwe amapezeka la Russia pankhaniyi, tisaiwale awa, monga:

1. "Gazprom".
2. "Russian njanji".
3. "Transneft".
4. "FGC UES".

kulunjika

Okhawo mu chuma - ndi kampani zimenezi, zomwe

1. Activities makamaka kumafuna makonzedwe a misonkhano, anaikira osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa (ogula).
2. ndalama kumafuna ndalama zambiri.

Mosakayikira, ntchito za makampani ziyenera malamulo ndi boma. Mu malo oyamba pa mlingo malamulo malire zina mapangidwe mitengo ntchito. Tariffing ayenera idzachitika kuti mankhwala chopangidwa chakhala chilipo ogula onse. Komanso, malonda amenewa, komanso kwa ena, ntchito kuchita malipiro msonkho kwa bajeti.

zitumbuwa

Ogwira-monopolist amatha:

• Kudzapeza ntchito zotsatira za mmene ulimi yake. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama kupanga gulu la linanena bungwe.
• Kusonkhanitsa ndalama yokulirapo kuti asunge mzere ulimi pa mlingo akadakwanitsira.
• Ntchito kukwaniritsa STP.
• Kutsatira malamulo yunifolomu kwa ntchito ndi mankhwala.
• Sinthanitsani msika limagwirira dongosolo kwapakati pa-masanjidwe, dongosolo ubale contractual. Zimenezi kuchepetsa kwambiri zomvetsa kugwirizana ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo.

kuipa

zoyipa za ntchito okhawo ali akuwonetseredwa mu luso lawo kuti:

• Ikani mlingo wa mtengo wa malonda. Izi ndipamene mayesero kwa kusuntha nawo kwambiri za katundu wambiri. Yotsirizira akhale opanda amadza n'zosiyana pa kumalo a ntchito.
• Letsani kuwongolera luso kupanga.
• Sungani likuvutika khalidwe la ntchito ndi mankhwala.
• Afanane ndi "diktat utsogoleri", motero m'malo limagwirira analipo a mpikisano.

anapezazo

Monga Tingaone mndandanda pamwamba, ulemu amakampani okhawo akhoza kukhala kuipa, komanso mosemphanitsa. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mtundu uwu wa kasamalidwe ndi zotsutsana kwambiri. Mwapadera kudziwa kuti n'kosangalatsa kuipa kapena ubwino, mabvuto kwambiri. Panthawiyi, anthu sangakhoze kukhala moyo motalika mu njakata ndiponso kudalira okhawo a. Dongosolo tsopano sangathe kapena kufooketsa, makamakanso kuthetsa ntchito zoipa owona mu chuma. Ngakhale izi, makampani awa tsopano magudumu chachikulu cha ndalama.

lamulo boma

Izo zikhoza kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, pali ulamuliro mtengo, womwenso njira:

1. Avereji ya ndalama.
2. Kukhazikitsa mtengo malire. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi wofotokozedwa ndi ogwiritsa, amene ali mutu kukakamizidwa. Kwa iwo, anapereka mlingo osachepera chitetezo kukachitika ndi sizingachitike yonse.
3. Subsidization. njira imeneyi imatchedwa njira tsankho mtengo. Iye anaganiza kuti ogula Amawapatsa mankhwala pa mtengo yafupika likuvutika anthu enanso.

Komanso ukugwira sanali mtengo boma lamulo. Ali:

1. Kuyambirira macheke. Iye anaganiza riziki kuvomerezedwa ofunsira chilolezo kulowa ndikupeleka kapena mfundo zina pa pempho la Akuluakulu abomawa.
2. Yotsatira. Ndi kuvomerezedwa zolimbana thupi analidziwitsa zochita anachita.

tariffs yozizira koopsa

Izi muyeso anatengedwa pa mlingo boma mu 2013. M'chaka choyamba cha kusamvana pa sanakweze tariffs, ndiponso yotsatira zaka 2 index kwa kufufuma nthawi yapita. Panthawiyi okhawo ananena kuti adzakhala akukakamizidwa kudula mapulogalamu ndalama. Zimenezi, ndi kungasokoneze boma la chiwerengero cha mafakitale. Komanso, pa chiyambi cha kumayambiriro kukhwimitsa ndi kampani anatchula mosavuta rearrangements structural. Kotero, anali kuchepetsa ndodo (mu unit utsogoleri), kukana kwa indexation malipiro (kupatula ogwira ntchito yopanga). Malinga akuti "Gazprom" mu 2013 kuti kuzizira tariffs kwa zaka 3, kampani angasiye biliyoni 510 rubles ndalama. Pankhaniyi, pulogalamu ndalama ali muno kuchepetsedwa ndi rubles biliyoni 407.