Prosody - sayansi mayunitsi suprasegmental cha phokoso

Ngakhale pa nthawi galamala wakale, anthu ayesa kupeza kufotokoza kuti zochitika zosiyanasiyana chinenero. Choncho anachita chiphunzitso cha nkhawa - prosody. zodabwitsazi ntchito kufotokoza ng'oma ndi kutalika kwa syllables. Komanso, ali ndi mwachilungamo osokoneza.

akuti

Prosody ndi lero ndinawona mbali zingapo, motero zodziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu phonetics prosody - nzeru za zosiyanasiyana phokoso mayunitsi suprasegmental. Amenewa amanena za intonation, kamvekedwe, kutsindika, etc.

The prosody mawu ali ndi mfundo zambiri. Izo umalimbana kuphunzira zinthu metrically kwambiri ya kulankhula. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya syllables, anaima. Mwina n'chimodzimodzi kufanana kwa mungoli lapansi.

asadziphe

Mwazina, pansi prosody nthawi zambiri kukhudza kalankhulidwe nyimbo, makhalidwe osiyana kulankhula: timbre ndi nthawi, kayimbidwe kotani, malankhulidwe mawu. Ponena za maganizo oti "mawu prosody" nthawi zambiri mu malingaliro kamvekedwe, ngakhale mawu awiri alinso distinguishable pakati pawo.

Ndi chidaliro tingasiyanitsire mfundo zingapo: syllables prosody, mawu, ndipo mwachindunji mawu (intonation).

syllable

Ponena za syllable, ndi Dziwani kuti kamvekedwe ntchito imeneyi prosody choncho. M'dziko pali zinenero zambiri zimene ntchito malankhulidwe syllabic monga ofala. Zimenezi zimathandiza kusonyeza zotsutsana zamalankhulidwe.

mitundu iwiri yokha ndi: msinkhu ndi mizere. Chimake choyamba chimalongosola zambiri kwa malankhulidwe a magulu: mkulu, otsika, sing'anga, wapakatikati. Kawirikawiri prosody ili yodziwika zinenero African ndi chinenero cha American Indians. Ndi contouring dongosolo ikuyenda kamvekedwe. Pankhaniyi, amanena kuti akwera, ukutsika kamvekedwe, komanso kuphatikiza awo. Izi kawirikawiri anapatsidwa kulankhula Asia East.

mawu

Ngati ife kulankhula za mawu, prosody - ndi ka. Pano tili kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri syllables pamodzi mawu, kuti akonze dongosolo olimba. N'chifukwa chake chapadera rhythmic bungwe. Liwu lililonse lili ndi ka omwe ali odzipereka syllable. Ena unstressed mtundu asankhidwa ndi ulemu. Choncho n'zotheka kuonetsetsa mtsinje zomvetsera ndipo yang'anirani rhythmic quanta. Mwa zina, pali njira ina kuunikila phonetics mawu. Ndi funso la timbre prosody.

Ngakhale pamene izo zifika pa prosody wa kulankhula, m'pofunika, poyambayamba, kuti ayankhule maganizo. Pankhaniyi, prosody ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, culminative. Ndi udindo wa zinatsimikizira mu "pakati" mawu. Significative amakhala ndi ufulu ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo okha. Choncho, ntchito imeneyi amatha kuunikila osati mawonekedwe kalembedwe, komanso kulabadira zizindikiro ndi lexical-zamalankhulidwe buku la mawu. Delimitatichnaya ntchito wapakamwa prosody limasonyeza kutsimikizira zomwe zinasonyeza malire wa kulankhula ndi liri lokhazikika.

prosody

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mawu akuti "prosody" ndi "prosody". Zimenezi ndi olakwika, chifukwa mfundo ntchito ku malo osiyanasiyana. "Prosody" analowa mu 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Izo zinali ndiye kuchita chidwi ndi phunziro la lemba, kuwunika. Mawu akuti anayambitsa kusiyanitsa. Mawu akuti "prosody" ntchito mu nkhani ya kulingalira syllable, koma "prosody" ndi njira yotakata akuti ndi zikuphatikizapo mayunitsi onse gawo. Ie zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati ndi mosiyanasiyana, koma ndi mawu akuti, mawu ndime ndi malemba.

kusiyana

Tiyeneranso kusiyanitsa mawu "Mawu" ndi "prosody". Anthu ambiri amaona iwo n'chimodzimodzi, ngakhale pali kadinala ndi maganizo. Onse mawu n'zambiri. Onse kunena nyimbo ndi ka, kamvekedwe, kayimbidwe kotani, Imani, kamvekedwe, ndi zina zotero.

Komano, ndi prosody chabe chodabwitsa chimene chimasiyanitsa syllables kudziŵa osakaniza awo mawu phonetic. Koma intonation zingakhudze zili zamalankhulidwe, pa modality, ndi mtengo kulankhula. Komanso amasiyanitsa mbali syntactic wa kulankhula.

ntchito

Lang'anani, mukhoza kusankha ntchito prosody, ziribe kanthu zomwe dera zimachitika mawu. Choncho, allocated kulankhula ntchito, amene amalola kuti alenge mawu wapadera ali mbali kulankhula. M'maganizo modal ntchito tsopano kukhala kuchepa otchuka. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maphunziro posachedwapa kupereka maganizo oti ubale pakati pa chigawo chimodzi maganizo a prosody ndipo sanali sakupezeka.

Ntchito Personal-chikhalidwe tsopano pang'ono kuphunzira. Komabe, dzina la munthu amene akulankhula. Iwo angamuuze kuti udindo wawo, chikhalidwe, etc.

Structuring ntchito ali kwambiri ndi kulemba. Mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mapangidwe dongosolo la malemba. Ntchito inanso, kutanthauza chinenero olembedwa, koma mwachindunji lembalo, ndi ritmoobrazuyuschaya ndi trailblazing. Onse ali ndi udindo kwa kusanthula Malemba, pamafunika kusanthula kudziwa malire pakati pa mbali ya kulankhula, mayunitsi lemba etc.