Kodi kalembedwe yaitali? terminology kalembedwe

Nkhani limeneli limafotokoza mfundo zikuluzikulu, amene umagwira ntchito pa galamala English. Mawu analipereka kwa choyambirira patsogolo chikhazikitso. Choyamba zokopa anthu ndi struture ambiri anafotokoza wachibale muyezo kuti mawu. Komanso, kumbukirani kuti nepovestvovatelnye zomangamanga ( 'irrealis lokhala wosasangalala'), monga ankasinthana funso ( 'interrogative maganizo'), zopempha ndi malamulo ( 'kuyesetsa maganizo'), ziganizo makonzedwe ( 'ziganizo makonzedwe'), nthawi zambiri kusintha kapangidwe ka chiganizocho . Pamene inversion mkhalidwe (kapena mbali mkhalidwe wa) amakhala patsogolo nkhani. Komanso ena zazing'ono mukhoza kupita mu malo oyamba chifukwa cholanda pa rematicheskoy udindo. Izi sizikhudza kuti matanthauzo, monga iwo Musati muzidalira pa chilichonse cha chiganizocho, koma molunjika kuchokera manauni.

Mzera, yosavuta ndi gulu (maziko kalembedwe, yosavuta zovuta chiweruzo)

Modern English malembedwe ndi zofanana Russian, ngakhale lili ndi mfundo wamba. chakuti dongosolo chikhalidwe akusonyeza mfundo zofanana zinthu zothandiza mwina zinthu zosiyana. Choncho, ife mwachidule potanthauza mawu kalembedwe wa English popanda msomali polimba dongosolo Russian gulu.

'Chiweruzo' - kupereka mawu amenewa munali lingaliro ndi wathunthu.

'Rhema' - Rem, accented gawo, cholinga kunena zambiri wapadera ndi thunthu zofunika, ndiye, chifukwa cha zimene uthenga analengeza (kapena kulemba).

'Mutu' - gawo chabe, kutumikira monga chimango chifukwa munali Lingaliro Lovomerezeka ndi odziwika bwino kapena ayi bwanji akamanena za chochitika mwatsatanetsatane.

'Mzera' - gawo la mawuwo munali mneni zambiri amawamasulira monga maziko kalembedwe.

'Gulu chiganizo' - kuipidwa maganizo okhala angapo 'Akumakambirananso' ( «kalembedwe maziko"), kufalitsidwa masanjidwe lagawidwa:

• amachita ndi mbali mosinthana - 'pawiri ziganizo' (slozhnosochinennye);
• amachita ndi mayunitsi yozungulira Kumvetsela - 'ziganizo ovuta' (pawiri).

Komanso, malingana ndi kupezeka kwa mbali yachiwiri, pali kalembedwe akuti monga 'sanali yaitali chiganizo' (samveka zothetsera) ndi 'anawonjezera chiganizo' (wamba).

Mamembala a ziganizo sanali anawonjezera (a Non-kuchuluka kwa zotsatsa)

'Non-yaitali chiganizo' - samveka maganizo lili chabe mawu yaikulu ya kupereka: phunzirolo ndipo / kapena mkhalidwe.

'Mkhalidwe' - mneni, ndi kalembedwe amatanthauza mneni yoyenera mayunitsi ake onse wocheperapo - 'yosavuta mkhalidwe' (yosavuta) kuti zingapo mkhalidwe - 'zovuta mkhalidwe' (zovuta).

'Wapakamwa mkhalidwe' - pawiri mkhalidwe ongokhala kasewenzetsedwe ka mau angapo.

'Predicative akuti' - gawo mwadzina la mkhalidwe mwadzina, zambiri zimaonekera ngati liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba kapena puronauni.

'Mutu' - phunziro - kalembedwe anawagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza mfundo zikuluzikulu ( 'mtsutso) mkhalidwe lofotokozeredwa m'njira gawo chilichonse kwa mawu, kapena mawu. Pantchito imeneyi akhoza kuchita ngakhale 'mzera. Theoretically, mu Chingerezi azipereka pempholo osachepera mu mawonekedwe a mwamwambo 'Iwo, komabe nthawi zambiri zasiyidwa.

Mamembala a ziganizo anawonjezera (a maganizo wamba)

'Yaitali chiganizo' - kufala zothetsera limapangidwa pambali nkhaniyi ndi / kapena mkhalidwe anthu ambiri sekondale monga Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera, ndi kudziwa chinthu.

'Chinthu' - Kuwonjezera. Direct Kuwonjezera ( 'mwachindunji chinthu') mwachindunji ndi mneni nati amene / kuposa kapena umene kanthu imagwiridwa.

'Adverbial' ( 'adjunct') - chochitika. M'njira timapangira limafotokoza mfundo za moyo wa zochitika, monga nthawi, malo, chifukwa patsogolo zinthu mphindi ziyerekezo ndi zotsatira zake.

'Umunthu' - .. Khama, zomwe lapeza malo ake mu malemba, mosasamala kanthu za mmene angamulambirire, mwachitsanzo, malo ake makamaka malinga mawu, osati mawu chosagwirizana kuti chiweruzo.

'WH-mawu' - mawu funso kapena mawu kuti ntchito kutulutsa mavuto apadera ndi nyumba zofanana.

Modal mawu ndi WH-mawu

'Modal mawu' - modal (kutsegula) mawu (osati kusokonezedwa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau modal).

'WH-mawu' ndi 'Modal mawu' ali ambiri ankaona payokha, popanda kutchula momwe chiweruzo.

Mwachidule pansi galamala matebulo. gawo limodzi (pamwamba) integrates chiweruzo, ndi zina (m'munsi) - mbali ya kulankhula.

Mbali speach (mbali ya kulankhula)

Kalembedwe ka mawu zikutanthauza malamulo kuti ntchito morfemoobrazovaniya ndi kuganizira za muyezo umene mawu anafotokozedwa mu kalasi ina. Mbali speach - siyana mawu amene amakhala kufotokoza osiyanasiyana zina mwa mfundo. Mwachitsanzo, adjectives akusonyeza chizindikiro cha zinthu ndi zochitika, ndi mawu ndi ntchito njira zina amanena kuti mbali zina za mawu. Gawani poyera (umatsegulidwa ') ndi chatsekedwa (atatseka') gulu la mbali ya kulankhula.

magulu Open (lotseguka gulu)

'Magulu Open' - kalembedwe amatanthauza gulu zonse kudzadza. mawu atsopano kuoneka powonjezera prefixes ndi suffixes, ndi kuwonjezera mizu ya maphunziro ku mbali zina za kulankhula, pobwereka ku zinenero zina, zikamera wa mawu atsopano ndi maina, komanso chifukwa cha kusanduka zinenero ku mawu alipo ukalamba.

'Wosasinthika wa Chinthu' - manauni, kusonyeza kuti zinthu zodabwitsazi, ndipo ndi osiyana wosadalira wamba maina yake, kupatula zimene zimaonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani ngakhale malamulo sikumangotikhudza malembedwe awo.

'Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau' - kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Ponena mneni ndi mbali chifungulo cha mkhalidwe lidzatidziwa kuti kalembedwe akuti 'mneni chachikulu' (kutanthauza mneni), kasewenzetsedwe ka mau atsala osungidwa ndi ikukhudzana kwambiri kwa gulu chatsekedwa: 'modal mneni' (tanthauzo mneni ndi kusintha tanthauzo) ndi 'auxuliary mneni' ( wothandiza mneni), ntchito kupanga nthawi ya mano, kubweza ndi nyumba wamng'ono, komanso zosiyanasiyana 'kasewenzetsedwe ka mau wothandiza' - 'kugwirizana mneni' (kugwirizana-mneni), ntchito kupereka wapakamwa oveteredwa (mwadzina) mkhalidwe. Pamene 'kugwirizana mneni' ndi mneni okha maziko kalembedwe, amaona waukulu, 'mneni chachikulu.

mitundu mneni:

- 'mawonekedwe zofunika, mawonekedwe zofunika (kapena "infinitive popanda' kuti '»,' anabala infinitive '), kapena monga mtundu wa mneni mu pakali pano chosadziwika;

- 'infinitive' (infinitive);

- '-s'-mawonekedwe, amene amadya nthawi imeneyi yamuyaya munthu wachitatu mmodzi;

- kalekale Amalalikira - mtundu kuti mneni amatenga nthawi indeterminate kale (kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zonse kupanga zipatso zake mathero 'dwa, ndi cholakwika Tingaone mu ndime yachiwiri ku gome la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osasamba);

- 'participle ine' kapena 'participle alipo' - participle pano, mneni ndi mawonekedwe kutsekedwa ndi Kuwonjezera 'nso;

- 'participle II' kapena 'zapitazi participle' - participle zapitazi, amene amaona kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zonse kutsekedwa monga kuwonjezera 'dwa, ndi lolakwika - ndime yachitatu ku gome la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osasamba;

- 'gerund' - gerund, chomwe chili ndi katundu wa nauni ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

'Adjectives' - adjectives kusonyeza umboni nauni akhale gawo la nkhani ndi mkhalidwe kapena mtima.

'Adverbs' - adverbs zambiri awulule tsatanetsatane wa kanthu, koma lingatanthauzenso pempholo wonse, nthawi zambiri m'gulu la maziko a zochitika.

magulu a pakanema (anatseka gulu)

'Tatseka magulu' - magulu a mbali ya kulankhula, chiwerengero cha mayunitsi amene, monga ulamuliro, nthawi zonse akanali yemweyo. Monga kuchotserapo yosowa morpheme latsopano anapanga magulu momasuka likuvutika wamakono mawu alipo, pamene galamala ndi kusinthidwa ndi modernize.

'Akuti' - mawu.

'Prepositions' - prepositions.

'Conjunctives' - okhaokha.

'Determiners' - mawu woonekeratu. Ogaŵikana 'particles' - particles, ndi 'nkhani' - Nkhani.

'Interjections' - interjections.