Chirasha - chodabwitsa zovuta, chowala, osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Zimenezi zikukhudza aliyense wa milingo yake. Makamaka zochitika chidwi mu izo zingaoneke pa mlingo wa phonetics, mawu ndi galamala. zigawo izi mu malo oyamba mu mawonekedwe yonse kuti atiuze za kusintha komwe kumachitika mu m'kamwa ndi chinenero ndi kupita kwa nthawi, mchikakamizo cha zinachitika pa anthu. Ngati ofukula kuchotsa mfundo za "zinthu za masiku makedzana" pokhala ndi zakale, ndi akatswiri a zinenero kuchita ntchito yomweyo, kuphunzira za moyo wa mawu.
lexical Changeling
Mawu mwina chinenero kwambiri avundulidwe mapangidwe. Ndi zambiri zigawo zina za philology chikugwirizana mwachindunji kulankhula ndi kulankhulana ndi moyo. Choncho, kapangidwe lexical chinenero Russian lamphamvu, multileveledness, osiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera magulu miyambo n'chimodzimodzi ndi antonymous kulowa ubale correlative, akatswiri a zinenero apeza commonality wina yaikulu ya mawu, wotchedwa homonyms. Ndi sakanikira kwambiri, mayunitsi ake lexical okha kupanga kuchuluka kwa nthambi zosiyana. Izi, kupatula homonyms, homophones ndi homographs zitsanzo za zimene tiyenera kumvetsa.
tanthawuzo
Mawu akuti chatifika kuchokera m'Chigiriki chakale ndipo limatanthauza "kulemba chomwecho" kapena "kulemba mofanana." Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ndipo homographs - zitsanzo za mawu kuti ndi ofanana kalembedwe mawonekedwe, koma limachulidwa mosiyana ndi sizigwirizana kotani lexical. Kusiyana katchulidwe, makamaka yotengeka ndi udindo mismatch mantha kapena malamulo phonetic ndi kalembedwe. The homographs wotchuka kwambiri, zitsanzo zomwe akusonyeza kusiyana - ndi mawu za'mok zamo'k, a'tlas ndi atla ndi ena.
tinafotokozera ana
Mawu anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane pa sukulu mu kalasi 5, ndiyeno ana mwadala musati kubwerera ku nkhani anaphunzira ku mayeso omaliza, pamene muyenera kukumbukira ndi bungwe lonse kudziwa m'munsi. Inu simungakhoze kunena za zigawo zina chinenero. Choncho n'kofunika kuti ophunzira poyamba anaphunzira ndi yosavuta m'kagulu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana chinenero. Pofotokoza phunziro limene homographs amenewa, zitsanzo za mphunzitsi ayenera kukhala mwatsatanetsatane, kutsatira mfundo "kuchokera ku zocholoŵana." E., Pachiyambi akufotokoza, ndiye anafunsa ophunzira kuti azichita chimodzimodzi. Nkofunika mu ndondomeko ya kudutsa ulusi kupereka mawu lexical kutanthauzira. M'pamene angakwanitse ndi kuloŵerera zakuthupi ndi cholimba, ndi kukumbukira - sadziwa.
chilengedwe nkhani
Choncho, kuwerenga chiphunzitso onse, kuyambira mfundo methodological maganizo ndi yolondola kwambiri kutsogolera homographs osati umodzi - zitsanzo za mawu ndi mawu ofotokozera adzakhala zambiri zooneka. Ngati mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi mawu akuti "akale m'linga, akale m'linga, mwala m'linga, ndi Nyumbayi ndi nsanja yayitali, mfumu Nyumbayi", ana momveka kwambiri kuti tikulankhula za dongosolo kamangidwe, nyumba zogona, ndi zina zotero D. Komanso, n'zotheka okha. mbiri ya 1-2 ndi abwino homographs mukuiganizira. Zitsanzo: "Pa lalitali anaima yoopsa akale m'linga. Iye anali atazungulira moti linga. " Tsopano homograph: dodgy loko, padlock, logwirana wosweka, zip loko. Ana yomweyo kudziwa kuti zitsanzo zimenezi mumtima limagwirira ndi kutseka chilichonse. Ndipo adzapitiriza zingapo "Adadi anakhomerera chitseko logwirana latsopano odalirika. Tsopano ife tikhoza Usaope chifukwa chitetezo cha nyumba yake. " Ngati mphunzitsi kalasi mu magulu awa adzakhala nthawi ndi nthawi yoti tibwerere kwa nkhaniyi, zingakhale opindulitsa ophunzira mchitidwewu chinenero.
Close koma osati zofanana
Mwachibadwa, mwana ndi zovuta kusunga m'chikumbumtima mudziwe onse analandira kwa nthawi ya maphunziro ndi mtundu wapachiyambi kubweretsa pamaso mayeso. Chinthu choyamba chimene ayamba kuti wosokonezeka pamene nkhaniyo kwa lexicology wotaya changu - zimene homographs ndi homophones (ofanana matanthauzo, otsutsana, homonyms amatha kukumbukira mwamphamvu kwambiri, kotero kuti kusiyanitsidwa mbali yapadera kwambiri ..). chodabwitsa Homophony zachokera moyandikana cha phokoso (la "maziko" - phokoso). Inde, Mawu awa zambiri komanso alembedwa omwewo (osati nthawi zonse!) Koma iwo ka yomweyo, pamene homographs - palibe. Homophones - ndi: anyezi - chomera ndi anyezi - chida, scythe - tsitsi ndi kuluka - ulimi makina, chimfine - matenda ndi bowa - chomera (osiyana mawonekedwe chipolopolo kwa chilolezo chomwecho phonetic!).
systematization wa homographs
Homography vuto la akatswiri a zinenero Russian anayamba kwambiri kuchita kale mu 21 m'ma wathu. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, zodabwitsazi zinenero ankaona chabe kwambiri. Mu philology ano pambali homographs likutipatsa (.. Ie, zaukhondo) ndi allocated:
- mawu amene analembedwa mofanana ndi amatchula mbali yomweyo ya kulankhula Mwachitsanzo, ufa 'ndi mu'ka;
- mawu limagaŵidwa ku mbali zosiyana za umembala kulankhula: zvo'nok ndi zvono'k;
- situational homographs: pa Ko'li - ngati '.
A zosiyanasiyana ndi ndimasewera kopendekera kuthandiza ophunzira mwakuya mu zinsinsi za chinenero Russian ndi kuthana ndi peculiarities ake. Ndipo onetsetsani kuwaphunzitsa kugwiritsa ntchito otanthauzira, kuphatikizapo dictionary homographs ndi!