Volga: Population ndi Economy

Volga - lalikulu Russian mtsinje, unakhala chizindikiro cha dziko lathu. About nyimbo wake wapangidwa, kumakhaladi khalidwe mu nkhani, epics, nkhani ndi ntchito zolembalemba. Ataona kukongola kwa mitunda, akuyambitsa ndi mtsinje waukulu wa European Russia, moyo wa aliyense patriot ndi kudzazidwa ndi chimwemwe ndi mtendere. Chiwerengero cha m'dera Volga wapangidwa ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana mukukhala pamodzi ndi ntchito kwa ulemerero wa dera lawo ndi lonse la Russia.

hoary amakedzana

Russian Volga anakhala nthawi yomweyo: kuyambira nthawi makedzana pa magombe ake zochokera n'kwawo ethnicities maphunziro, zomwe akhala zamakolo m'dera Volga. Population anali Bulgars, Cumans, Mongolia, Khazars, ndipo akuluakulu ena a mitundu Asian. M'mabwinja lapeza umboni wamphamvu zedi wa mkulu mlingo wa Volga chitukuko zambiri. Komanso anapeza malo mfundo amphamvu pa njira yake kwa khamu West ambiri a Astrakhan Khanate ndi Golden gulu. An yosaiwalika mbiri inali nthawi ya Astrakhan ndi Kazan Khanate. Russian anthu a Volga kuyamba kuwonjezera mofulumira ndi kukula kwa malire a Russia. Mizinda yoyamba pa a mtsinjewo anayamba Samara, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1586, ndiye Tsaritsyn (1589) ndi Saratov (1590). Ndipo kuyambira theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVI, anayamba ndondomeko kulamulira m'mayiko Volga. Iwo amakopeka Russian autocrats nsomba ambiri chuma nthaka, komanso chofunika kwambiri mwa mawu geopolitical, pamalo abwino ili, kulola kulamulira Asia-Europe malonda njira.

agrarian dera

Mpaka cha m'ma XIX ndi Volga m'mayiko kutumikira monga maziko chitukuko cha gawo la ulimi. dothi Local kulola kukula mbewu zabwino, nsomba chuma incalculable, ndi nkhalango za gulu pakati akhala chuma chenicheni cha tidaipanga, kugonjera malonda awo ngodya zonse za ufumuwo. Minda anakhala katundu makampani waukulu malonda, ndipo ngakhale tebulo la mfumu. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVII anthu a m'dera Volga anali wodzilemekeza ndiponso amatilimbikitsa ochokera Germany, anaitanidwa ndi Catherine Wamkulu kusintha zaziwerengero chithunzi cha m'mphepete ndi pobwereka umisiri ulimi European. Agriculture pamaso zitasintha anapitiriza kukhala gwero lofunika la ndalama iliyonse ya chuma zigawo. Kwambiri apa anali hleborobstvo, ndi ziweto, ndi, kuwonjezera pa zonse, ndipo ngakhale migodi mchere. Chiyukireniya anthu a m'dera Volga anali mu ena zigawo mpaka 7% ya okwana ndipo anapereka "Chumak" anakakhala pano, kuti ndi katundu akatswiri a tebulo mchere, lofunika kwambiri ndi zikusowa pa nthawi ya mankhwala. Lero, Little maina Russian si zachilendo.

Boom mafakitale

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, anthu ndi chuma cha m'dera Volga kuti masinthidwe aakulu chifukwa patsogolo amatipeza kupeza za mafakitale. Ufumu inamangidwa anafunikira simenti, ndi m'dera Saratov anali akuluakulu kupanga zipangizo. zomera olemera, ayenera zitsulo makina - ndi kudzitukumula mipope makina chida mabizinezi Tsaritsyn. Volga wayamba zofunika kwambiri m'dzikolo zoyendera njira - mu Nizhny Novgorod Sormovo doko la zombo zapanyanja anamanga. Mkati theka kapena zaka makumi awiri, ndipo lifotokoze mafakitale dera chawonjezeka kambirimbiri. Anthu a kumidzi a dera Volga akhamukira ku mzinda, anayamba Mwachibadwa m'mafakitale m'mayiko otukuka ndondomeko mizinda. Kuukira ndi zotsatira nkhondo yapachiweniweni, kenako njala yaikulu, chimasokoneza chitukuko cha deralo, koma posakhalitsa. Volga angathe anali amphamvu kwambiri.

njala

The Civil nkhondo anabweretsa mavuto osaneneka m'mphepete. Population ndi chuma cha m'dera Volga akanapo chifukwa cha ankhondo ndi mfundo opanda chifundo chakudya requisitioning ikuchitika ndi Bolsheviks m'dziko lonselo. Mu 1921, m'chigawo cha njala, kulimbikitsa ndi chilala, zimene zinachititsa kuti kulephera kwa mbewu. akuvutika ake anali anthu mamiliyoni asanu, amatanthauza magulu onse chikhalidwe ndi mitundu tikukhala mu mphepete. chiwerengero cha anthu a m'dera Volga panthawiyo anali anthu 25 miliyoni. Choncho kuyambira njala Sindingachite anapha munthu mu anthu asanu posachedwapa wolemera dera la ufumuwo. Sitipereka wolakwiridwayo tsoka panali Chiyukireniya wamba ndi pansi ndi mofanana ankhanza ndi anagawira pansi napemphera monyenga mpumulo njala. Cha echelons chakudya anapita sitima, wodzazidwa ndi Red Army asonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m'madera okhudzidwa. Lenin akufuna anaitana Red Army Volzhan miliyoni.

Gulu mwa iwo Bolsheviks kumenyana njala, confiscating katundu mpingo, nizidetsa kachisi. Great thandizo limene mabungwe akunja. Ndi 1921, njala wakhala zochepa pachimake, koma zotsatira zake motani nthawi yaitali.

pakati pa nkhondo

Mu nthawi interwar, ulimi m'mbali anayamba malinga ndi chizolowezi dongosolo mbuye. Pa zaka zisanu mapulani zinamangidwa magetsi, anamanga mabizinezi a makampani kuwala. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chuma cha boma tsarist (ena mafakitale yalidwa ntchito lero). chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kulera sukulu pa kotoryhy kukonzekera cadres latsopano proletarian. Zochita za anthu a m'dera Volga sitingakane - pali kufunika mu zolemeletsedwa ndondomeko ya dziko, chimene chimafuna njira yapadera lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zimenezi kungachititse kuti akhazikitse mabwalo a Volga Germany, omwe analipo kuchokera mu 1923 mpaka 1941.

Luso ali inapita patsogolo chitukuko cha deralo panthawi ya nkhondo. M'dera Volga anasamutsidwa, ambiri m'madera a mafuta, anagwidwa Nazi Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo. Ambiri mwa makampani awa akhala pano, ndipo pambuyo chigonjetso.

Development nawonso alandira mankhwala ndi mafuta mafakitale.

Industrial chitukuko ndi ogwira

pa Volga mafakitale khama yayenda bwino. Magalimoto khumi opangidwa mu dziko, zisanu ndi ziwiri zinalembedwa pa gombe lalikulu Russian Mtsinje (Ulyanovsk ndi Tolyatti). More wodzichepetsa zochitika ndi magalimoto, koma aliyense chakhumi - komanso si zocheperatu. Mu mzinda wa Chichewa (Saratov dera) ukugwira wamphamvu Trolleybus Bzalani. Dera lili lonse osiyanasiyana mabizinesi, kupanga mankhwala kopitilira muyeso-enieni kugwiritsa ntchito zida (kuphatikizapo chitetezo). Ndege ndi makampani makina chida anaperekanso kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha m'dera Volga - gwero la ogwira oyenerera, yokonza amene mukugwira nawo mabungwe ambiri maphunziro apamwamba. M'mbali zambiri za dera competes zoterozo otukuka m'madera mafakitale ngati Urals ndi Central.

Today

Volga dera lero - gawo lalikulu la dera la Russia (oposa 6% ya malo ake lonse), womwenso m'deralo, conventionally m'magulu atatu:

1. Verhnevolzhskie: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Kostroma ndi Yaroslavl.
2. M'KATI mwa mwezi: Samara ndi Ulyanovsk, komanso Republic of Chuvashia, Tatarstan ndi Mari El.
3. Nizhnevolzhkie: Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd ndi Saratov kuphatikiza Republic of Kalmykia ndi Tatarstan.

Ali mbali ya awiri zigawo boma (Volga ndi Kumwera).

17 miliyoni Russia moyo m'chigawochi.

osalimba a anthu a m'dera Volga ndi sakanikira kwambiri, ndi katatu kuposa pafupifupi dziko (31 okhala / sq Km..), Koma ndi laling'ono kwambiri mu Republic of Kalmykia -. Anthu 4.3 okha / sq Km. Km.

National zikuchokera lachindunji: pali moyo 16% wa Chitata, 5% Mordovtsev ndi Chuvash, mphatso ndi mitundu ina, koma koposa zonse Russian - 70%.

M'dera Volga mizinda 90, atatu amene - "miliyoni" (Samara, Kazan ndi Volgograd). Mwina zaka zingapo zotsatira adzakhale nawo Saratov.

kuchuluka kwa anthu amakhala ndi mtengo wautali, koma Pamlingo waukulu uwu ndi chifukwa ambiri osamukira. M'mphepete ali wabwino kwenikweni, iye ananeneratu chiyembekezo chabwino, ndipo abwela kukhazikikamo mofunitsitsa.