Zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera mu zomangamanga matope. Mitundu, mowa, ntchito

Zedi, kuchita yomanga m'nyengo yozizira ndi obvuta kuposa m'chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri nyengo si kwambiri ndi kuchita ntchito khalidwe. Amagwira ntchito ku frosts aakulu kupitiriza katswiri gulu yomanga, kapena mwini, amene akufuna kuthetsa m'nyumba zawo posachedwapa. Ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa iwo ndi ena adzakhala wodzipereka zoletsa kuwuma zina. ntchito otsiriza chingalepheretse oipa msanga simenti lapansi.

ndi zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera mu njira chiyani?

Monga ulamuliro, ndi kuchepa kwambiri omanga yozungulira kutentha kuyamba mavuto zina mu njira ya ntchito ndi simenti ndi mitundu yonse ya mavutowo. Ndicho chifukwa nyimbo simenti ofotokoza chiyani sadzalekerera chisanu. Choncho, pa kutentha -5 ^{° C,} zingatanthauze njira Mkhalidwe zithe kukhala odzidalira.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa makamaka ntchito mbuye zoletsa kuwuma zina amatha kupirira kutentha kuchepa kwa ^-35 ° C ndi zambiri. formulations apadera slurries muli mankhwala, yogwira zosakaniza amene kuchepetsa yozizira koopsa mfundo za madzi. Chifukwa, simenti ndi anamvetsetsa mu zomangamanga, ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri.

Vuto la gulu la njerwa za mu ozizira

Mu khalidwe la zomangamanga m'nyengo yozizira wobwezera nyumba yovuta kupereka mphamvu zoyenera. Pamene kutentha akugwa pansi pa ziro, zikuchokera madzi crystallizes mu njira. Choncho, kutsazikana simenti hydration ndondomeko.

Ndi kukula kutentha ayezi kupangidwa mu zomangamanga ndi zomangila pamwamba ayamba kusungunuka, izo kwenikweni zimayambitsa kuchepa mu njira guluu wolimba kwambiri. zotsatira wina zoipa ndi mapangidwe voids yaing'ono kapangidwe konkire, amene angathe kenako kukhala ndi chiwonongeko mwachilungamo mofulumira malinga ndi siling'i.

Features yokonza njira

Ngakhale mavuto ntchito yomanga nyumba yozizira sangakhale khalidwe poyerekeza ndi nyengo yofunda. Komabe, kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira kuyembekezera, m'pofunika kuti akonzekere njira yapadera, imene zikuchokera Payenera kukhala zoletsa kuwuma zina.

Kukafika ku yokonza matope, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo munthu. Kumbukirani kuti pafupifupi zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera zikuchokera yodziwika ndi mankhwala aukali ndithu zimene zingasokoneze thanzi. Choncho, pokonzekera ntchito simenti chikufunika magolovesi lolemera, Goggles chitetezo, nsapato za jombo ndi mwina ovololo.

Chifukwa pamwamba zimasakanikirana ndi nkhani za poizoni si abwino ntchito pomanga maziko ndiponso makoma a nyumba. Monga zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera mu zomangamanga matope ndikoletsedwa kufunsira ntchito mkati malo a.

Mitundu zina zoletsa kuwuma

Polimbikitsa ndi msoko akhoza kupeza okwanira mphamvu mlingo mpaka chisanu othandizira madzimadzi conventionally ntchito mu mtondo zotsatirazi zoletsa kuwuma zina zomangamanga:

• Potashi (potaziyamu carbonate).
• Sodium formate.
• Sodium kolorayidi.
• Sodium nitrite (nitrous ndi sodium).
• Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake.

Ntchito mu kutsitsa kutentha kwa mapangidwe kwa -15 ^{° C} njira akadakwanitsira adzakhala ntchito zina zoletsa kuwuma mu mawonekedwe a nitrite ndi sodium wochuluka formate.

Mu nyengo yaikulu kwambiri ozizira pansi kwa -30 ^{° C} ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potashi. The ntchito njira imeneyi - chitetezo mawonetseredwe dzimbiri mu nkhani ya erection wa slabs anatsindika. Ntchito carbonate potaziyamu monga kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa efflorescence pa njira solidified. Koma zina chlorinated, yotsirizira musati m'mbuyo chiwonongeko cha mbali ikuthandizira wa zomangamanga.

Zoletsa kuwuma mowa zowonjezera

Mu kupanga nyimbo pa njerwa ndi zofunika kusunga magawo ofunikira. akudalira yaikulu pa kutentha yozungulira.

Tiyeni tione ranges pafupifupi ntchito wotchuka kwambiri "odana ndi amaundana" tebulo. Izo zimanyezimiritsa mowa zina zoletsa kuwuma ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa simenti.

plasticizers

Zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera njira akhoza m'malo ndi plasticizers wapadera kuti kuonjezera elasticity wa matope ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito yotsirizira kwa masiku angapo mu gawo anaika wa pafupifupi palibe kusintha. Choncho, yankho lili nthawi kuti akathyole ngakhale ndi chidwi chisanu.

Kuwonjezera zomangamanga, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zimenezi zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera kwa zosakaniza zomatira ntchito yokonza kudziletsa kukhazikika pansi, dongosolo pamene ntchito simenti. Zinthu plasticizing ali osokonezeka ndi kuchuluka kochepa madzi. amanena mu njira ili pafupi 5% mwa kulemera kwa simenti. Kusunga kufanana yokwanira kuchita zowalamulira odalirika zinthu za otsika kutentha.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa za ntchito ya ntchito zomangamanga mu nthawi yozizira?

Pofuna tidzakhumudwa pa zotsatira za ntchito yomangayi kuti akutsatiridwa pa ntchito otsika kutentha, zokwanira kulabadira malangizo otsatirawa:

1. Zomangamanga zomangira mwina ntchito, yokutidwa ndi matalala, chisanu kapena icing.
2. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu njira ya m'tsogolo, kuphatikizapo zina zoletsa kuwuma ndi plasticizers, ayenera kusungidwa mu youma, podutsa mpweya m'dera pa yozungulira kutentha.
3. Kaya zikuchokera njira ndi kutentha zinthu mu nthawi yozizira zowalamulira tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mwamsanga. Kupanda kuchedwa amalola nthumwi kuti akathyole msanga.
4. Athyole msilikali wa zomangamanga n'kofunika kuti mumakhala ndi Manga pulasitiki woomba ngati nkhani ina oyenera udindo wogwira mtima zosakhalitsa m'ndende malo.
5. Monga maziko yokonza njira si ntchito simenti mtundu M 50 pansipa. Kusakaniza a zigawo zikuluzikulu ngakhale pa nkhani ya "odana ndi amaundana" ayenera kuchitidwa mu chipinda ofunda.
6. Ngati ukugwira ntchito pa otsika kutentha ndi bwino kupereka mmalo kupeza njira watha, amene anawonjezera zoletsa kuwuma wothandizila mu kufanana akadakwanitsira ngakhale panthawi yopanga.

Chifukwa,

Pogwira ntchito yomanga ku nthawi yozizira chinthu chachikulu - musaiwale kuwonjezera wapadera zoletsa kuwuma njira. Komabe, kumayambiriro "zoletsa kuwuma" kuti zikuchokera simenti ndi monga zotheka ngati yozungulira kutentha ndi adatchithisira kuti -5 sing'anga ^C.

Pa yokonza njira mwamtheradi osavomerezeka ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali anali ndi zaka zina zoletsa kuwuma ndi moyo zokayikitsa alumali. Apo ayi, maphunziro kulipira Madontho olemera ndi efflorescence padziko nyumba.