Mapilo maziko - maziko a nyumba cholimba

Maziko a nyumba iliyonse ndi maziko. A mphamvu yake ndi kukhazikika kumadalira osati kokha pa moyo wautali dongosolo lonse, komanso chitonthozo kukhala. Wosaphunzitsidwa munthu angaganize kuti maziko a nyumba zimangokolezera monga nyumba "nsanja" kwa m'munsi mwa makoma, koma izo siziri.

Chifukwa cha maziko onse katundu yaikulu, amene amauza maziko a nyumba, anagawira wogawana ndi modekha kudutsa pamwamba pa dothi, zimene salola kapangidwe ndi kumira ndi usathe chifukwa cha kutupa nyengo ya dziko lapansi. Sitikudziwa wodalirika kwambiri pankhani imeneyi maziko khushoni.

Pa zaka, nyumba miyambo ndi mibadwo yambiri ya omanga apanga nambala yaikulu njira yomanga moyenera nyumba zimenezi. Kugwiritsa anasonkhanitsa chidziwitso, mukhoza kumanga nyumba, ngakhale mu zinthu Madzi oundana, koma ngati m'dera zovuta, sikuti tidzapita. Zidzakhala zokwanira kukambirana zomwe maziko khushoni.

Nthawi zambiri m'dera lathu ntchito yabwino ndi kusintha Mzere maziko. sangathe awo ndi zambiri pali zochitika pamene kuthamanga pansi, iwo anagawira omangidwa. Kupewa zambiri zotsatira zoipa la nyumba zochokera lonse kuika mwala konkire. Ngati mukukayikira akuluakulu ngati dothi, nthaka pansi slab ayenera atathana mothandizidwa ndi zina anathamangitsidwa mu nthaka akuya milu ya.

Sitiyenela kuganiza kuti ziyangoyango maziko akugwiritsidwa kokha mwa mitundu tepi. Nthawi zambiri ine ndi kukhazikitsa pilo ndi maziko columnar, amene ntchito yomanga nyumba zing'onozing'ono yaing'ono. Iye amapulumutsa nyumbayi ku "kusambira" imene zingachitike pa mitundu wosakhazikika nthaka.

Mwa njira, kamodzi amaonekera kuti anamvetsa mawu akuti "maziko khushoni": GOST ali tanthauzo lina, koma nthawi zambiri amachititsa manyazi ndi chisokonezo pakati omanga akatswiri. Monga ulamuliro, iwo amakhulupirira kuti titchedwe bwino tikaumbike wosanjikiza dothi, miyala kapena mchenga. Izi tiyenera kuziganizira kulakwitsa kochuluka, kuyambira kwenikweni maziko khushoni - wamphamvu pulasitala zitsulo slab konkire, ngakhale pali kuchotserapo zimachitika.

Choncho chovomerezeka ntchito mchenga, koma makulidwe osachepera sikudzakhala mita n'komwe. Konkire ntchito zambiri, ndipo si nthawi zonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chikhalidwe osagwira dothi: zambiri zimachitika kuti chimango oterowo hoisting n'chochepa kwambiri zimakhudza makoma a nyumba. Tiyeneranso ankaona kuti ayenera kukhala monolithic, monga omanga zambiri ntchito zoduliratu kwa mbale zingapo. Ife kupereka uthenga wophweka, amene masamu maziko khushoni masaizi osiyanasiyana omwe ntchito yomanga.

Tengani momwe ziriri kwa mfundo mwachisawawa. Tili kuti mamita 15 khoma kulemera matani 25, iwo ali yemweyo zimakhudza nthaka mphamvu makilogalamu 4 / cm. kuwerengetsera mwini ikuchitika mu nkhani iyi motere: kumasulira matani kulemera, kugawira iwo pa m'deralo. Pezani 250 makilogalamu / cm, amene ayenera ogaŵikana makhalidwe nthaka (4 makilogalamu / masentimita ^{2) timapeza} chifukwa cha masentimita 62,5. Za manambala onse kudzanja lamanja la mfundo decimal ali limagwirizana motsogozedwa kuchuluka kwawo. Tsatirani multiplicity, amene ayenera kukhala wolingana zana. Choncho, ife talandira kufunika 625 mm, zomwe ife adzakhale 700. mm. mapilo izi ndi maziko yodalirika, koma ayenera anatsindika kuti kudalirika kwambiri.