Achilamulo odziwika

Malamulo sayansi ndi mtundu wa ntchito akatswiri kunayamba nthawi ya mafumu a Aroma. Zinali Aroma anaika zipilala zoyambirira za onse mchitidwe ano malamulo. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti kwa zaka zambiri panali nthawi zonse amaika maganizo za katswiri abwino. Mu mbiri ya boma ku Russia kuti pali anthu ambiri amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri mapangidwe dongosolo dziko malamulo.

Mumadziwika olemba malamulo

malamulo iliyonse yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a kuphunzira yazamalamulo, yofunika kwambiri mu theorists malamulo play, systematizing kutsatira njira za sayansi ndi zotuluka pa osauka chilango maphunziro kuphunzitsa ogwira latsopano. The ambiri otchuka Russian maloya mu ntchito imeneyi: N. M. Korkunov, K. P. Pobedonostsev, B. N. Chicherin, MI Braginsky.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Korkunoff

N. M. Korkunov (1853-1904) - amachokera banja maphunziro, maphunziro a St. Petersburg University ndipo patapita - mphunzitsi. Ndi 70 ya zaka 90 ya zaka zana lectured malamulo oyendetsera dziko pa Chilamulo mphamvu pa la Alexander Lyceum ndi usilikali Academy. Mwa ntchito zake - "The lamulo ndi lamulo", "Russian boma chilamulo." Pafupi chaka Nikolai Mikhailovich anagwirizira udindo wa nduna State mu Bungwe la State.

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri - "nkhani pa mfundo onse a chilamulo" - anali mmodzi wa mabuku waukulu ku mayunivesite Russian, lamasuliridwa ku French ndi English, maloya Western kuti "nkhani" kuphunzira mabuku mu chimango cha chiphunzitso malamulo positive.

Popeza zikhulupiriro NM Korkunova sanali kukumana malingaliro a nthawi Union, ntchito zake afufuza yekha monga zinachitikira akatswiri owolowa manja a nthawi zakale, ndi sayansi yamakono, Buku kupenda kufunika zilandiridwenso - osungira nyama, koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti chipatso cha ntchito Korkunova chake, kuphunzitsa imene anali zinthu woyamba wa nthambi ngati sayansi la boma, mayiko, malamulo boma.

Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev

Kp Pobedonostsev asamalire Mulungu professorial banja. jurists Russian nthawi maganizo zina yosiyana arhaisticheskie - chilamulo, maganizo awo, zikhazikitsidwe mbalume za Orthodox ndi makhalidwe abwino. Mfundo imeneyi munakhala ndi Pobedonostsev, kuganizira Mwachitsanzo, kuti chisankho si phindu anthu, kupoletsa wotchipa masewera ndale. anthu, monga wasayansi, ayenera sangathe kufotokoza chifuniro, chifukwa cholinga cha Mulungu kuti utsogoleri lonse la dziko anapatsidwa ndi mfumu.

Mu mabuku Soviet K. P. Pobedonostsev inali kuperekedwa monga nkhoswe anachitazi kwambiri, koma sunaletse tikalemba wake, popeza ntchito ya sayansi iyi imatengedwa tingachipeze powerenga: kwambiri kudziwa mbiri ya malamulo, Pobedonostsev mwaluso anachititsa kusanthula mabungwe ena malamulo kudzera njira mbiri poyerekeza.

Komanso chofunika kwambiri anali panjira yake malamulo a mayikowo pa kudziŵa zenizeni za sukulu Russian malamulo.

Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin

Osati zonse za kudziwika maloya Russian Mu zaka zapitazo akhoza kudzitama chotero waluntha monga B. N. Chicherin, yemwenso anali kutsatira za Wachiwiri-Hegelianism, mbiri, ndi sayansi zachilengedwe katswiri. Galimoto chiphunzitso, wasayansi amvetse tanthauzo la nthawi ya Kusintha Great mbiri ya anthu Russian. Monga mphunzitsi, Chicherin BN apeza njira zatsopano chiphunzitso zochokera kuphunzira chiphunzitso BOMA. Komabe, maganizo osiyanasiyana katswiri ndiwofatsa - ikhale chenicheni choimirira cha osankhika a nthawi, iye ankakhulupirira kuti anthu Russian sangaonekerenso popanda autocrat ndi. B. N. Chicherina tinganene kuti anayambitsa lamulo sukulu ya historiography, monga lolembedwa ndi wasayansi mwini ntchito monga "The History Nzeru Political", "Katundu ndi State", "Zatsopano pa mbiriyakale ya malamulo Russian."

Komanso, pang'ono odziwika maloya, mosiyana Chicherina B. N., ali mu mndandanda wa mtengo chopereka kwa chiphunzitso cha liberalism, mawu a ziphunzitso zake zazikulu.

Gabriel Feliksovich Shershenevich

Shershenevich GF - amachokera wolemekezeka banja Polish, maphunziro a University of Kazan. Dera chidwi asayansi pa chiyambi cha yophunzitsa anali mabungwe amenewa a malamulo a mayikowo, monga sheya ndi mabungwe alamulo. Shershenevich GF anali chinkhoswe pankhani ya malamulo malonda, yomwe kufalitsidwa zolemba pamaphunziro kafukufuku.

Woyamba monograph theorists wanzeru anathera njira onse a malamulo a boma, lomwe osiyana mozama zochita malamulo ndi zachiweruzo muli generalizations ambiri ndi kaphatikizidwe. Kenako Shershenevich GF kuyesera dogmatize mbiri ya nzeru za malamulo, kukonza chithunzi anthuwo kudziwa.

Akatswiri woyamba anapatsa ophunzira buku lino pa malamulo a mayikowo, acemeresa codification malamulo ndi kuchotsa dualism malamulo.

Kuchita maloya Zabwino kulankhula milandu

Judicial Mpikisanowo chipani - ichi ndi duel a manjenje, chimene chimafuna talente, waluso polankhula, Kukwanitsa kupanga chiganizo zokha. Khalani Zikatero, anapereka chakudya theorists lingaliro. Pakati wotchuka - F. Plevako, A. F. Koni, VD Spasovich ndi ena. Azamalamulo mawu amadziwika maloya adakali akuphunziridwa m'chilamulo zochitachita za dziko ndi zitsanzo za zochita kukonza.

Fedor Alekseevich Koni

maloya si onse odziwika bwino chinasiyana kotero kawirikawiri makupeka talente monga Koni F. A., mwana wa wotchuka vaudeville wolemba, wotsutsa, mkonzi ndi zisudzo. Woweruza tsogolo ndi wozenga anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba, zinenero zisanu. Koni F. A. anali wakhama mu ndondomeko malamulo adakhalabe maudindo akuluakulu mu ofesi khoti linalamula, milandu, makamaka, anali wapampando wa khoti laling'ono Peterburg.

Nthawi zambiri ncthito ankafunsidwa ndi nawo wolankhulayo. Mmodzi wa wotchuka - chilungamo Vera Zasulich, St. Petersburg meya anayesa kuwombera chifukwa cha kubwezera Arkhip Bogolyubov, amene anakhala kapolo wa mwankhanza malamulo. Chodabwitsa kwa ambiri, Koni A. F. wakhala anatha kukwaniritsa ndi sanam'peze ndi mlandu chifukwa Zasulich, amene anadzakhala odziwika Marxist-chosintha.

Koni A. F. mwachangu anapitiliza kugwira ntchito mu zaka za mphamvu Soviet, ndi kusintha, mphunzitsi wotchuka, iye anakhala katswiri pa St. Petersburg University, kuwerenga kwambiri nkhani za anthu, kuphunzitsa atumwiwo. Nakhala ndi ukalamba, wogwira wanzeru anamwalira sanaleke ntchito Lathu.

Aliyense wa kanjedza tatchulazi, ndithudi, ndi chitsanzo cha kutumikira nkhani anasankhidwa ndi theorists masiku ano madokotala ayenera kutsatira chitsanzo chawo.