Danga kafukufuku "Rosetta": kufotokoza ndi Kanema zithunzi

Pamene mukuwerenga za atulukira m'zaka otsiriza, zikuoneka kuti zosangalatsa zonse kale anapezeka ndi kuphunzira, pamene gawo la m'nthawi mungathe kulemekeza okha mphamvu ya sayansi ya m'nthawi zakale. Komabe, siziri choncho. Patsogolo, luso ndi sayansi, zimathandiza anthu kukhala ndi zolinga zambiri maudindo ndi kuzikwanitsa. Mwa awa akhoza zimachitika kuphunzira comets ntchito zipangizo angathe pansi padziko awo. Iwo unalengedwa zolinga ngati kafukufuku "Rosetta" spacecraft mu 2004 anapita ku nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Pa ayankhidwa pansipa.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mission "Rosetta" - si kuyesa chabe kufufuza nyenyezi. Background akuyamba mu 1980, pamene "Vega" ndi Ice, Union ndi American-European magalimoto, zouluka kale caudate matupi dziko, kulandira ndi kupereka mfundo zina za iwo. Awa ndi wotsatira misonkhano ndi comets anabweretsa asayansi ambiri deta. Makamaka, pakati anali kujambulidwa ngati thupi akunja, ndi nyenyezi anaponyedwa kuchokera zitsulo kanthu ndi Patapita zaka zingapo zotsatira anati kwa kugwa ku zitsanzo fumbi Earth ku mchira wa nyenyezi anapulumutsidwa. Komabe, kafukufuku "Rosetta" chosasimbika m'mbiri ya astronautics alibe. Pamaso pake poyamba anafunsa yovuta: kukhala kwa kanthawi nyenyezi ndi kumasula ilili pa ake chipangizo pamwamba "Fila" kwa mwachindunji chinthu kuphunzira.

Kusintha mfundo kutchulidwa

Poyamba, nkhani yomweyi anali kukhala nyenyezi Wirtanen. Chifukwa cha wosankhidwa bodza wabwino njira yodutsamo wa dziko thupi ndege ndi zina zochititsa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa kufufuza ntchito ya kafukufuku. Kupita nyenyezi Wirtanen, "Rosetta" Kanema anali kuti anapezerapo mu January chaka cha 2003. Komabe, pafupifupi mwezi izi zisanachitike pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chonyamulira roketi anakana injini "Ariane 5". Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaganiza kaye chiyambi cha kafukufuku ndi kubwerezanso ndege pulogalamu.

67P

Latsopano chinthu umene ukuyenera kutumiza danga kafukufuku "Rosetta" anali nyenyezi 67P, limatchedwanso Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1969, Klim Churyumov mu zithunzi anatengedwa ndi Svetlana Gerasimenko. Chinthu ndi yochepa nthawi nyenyezi: zaka 6,6 chitadutsa pafupi dzuwa. The ndege njira pafupifupi sachoka kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira Jupiter. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kafukufuku pa nyenyezi za - ndi predictability ndege, lomwe limatanthauza luso molondola kuwerengera chofunika zoyenda wa spacecraft lapansi.

kapangidwe

Kafukufuku "Rosetta" amanyamula wambirimbiri zipangizo, ndi obadwa gawo, "Fila" - si yekha wapatali gawo la izo. Mwa zida ultraviolet spectrometer chofunika kwa kusanthula mpweya mu mchira wa nyenyezi ndi kudziwa zikuchokera phata ake, makamera zikugwira ntchito osati zooneka koma ultraviolet, ndi infuraredi, zida zosiyanasiyana zofufuza zikuchokera, kutentha ndi tinthu mathamangidwe mchira chinthu a, komanso liwulo kanjira kake, yokoka, ndi makhalidwe ena. zida izi zonse chofunika onse kupeza deta za nyenyezi, ndi kudziwa mulingo woyenera "Fila" zida ankafika malo.

Kafukufuku "Rosetta" njira yodutsamo

Musanayambe kukwaniritsa cholinga, unit kwa zaka khumi oyendayenda kudutsa expanses wa dongosolo la zowalitsa. Chotero lalikulu nthawi kusiyana chifukwa kufunika kufikira nyenyezi "kumbuyo" kukhazikika liwiro ndi kusuntha pamodzi ndi njira zofanana. Mu zaka khumi, ilili "Rosetta" kasanu anaulukira zapitazi lathuli. Iye kukumana ndi Mars, ndipo kangapo kuwoloka waukulu asteroid lamba.

Zaka khumi danga kafukufuku "Rosetta" anatumizidwa padziko lapansi zithunzi zokongola zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera pa zosangalatsa zokongoletsa ali ndi mfundo sayansi. Asayansi apeza zithunzi latsopano la padziko Martian, amene anapanga kafukufuku "Rosetta", asteroids Steins ndi Lutetia chithunzi. Kumene, sanasiyidwa makina zosasamaliridwa ndi dziko lapansi. "Rosetta" kafukufuku zithunzi kusonyeza dziko pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana, komanso zinthu za mumlengalenga.

mgwirizano

Mu ndege kafukufuku "Rosetta" sizinatheke. Panthawi ina pofuna kupulumutsa chuma, anali kumizidwa mu hibernation, kumene anakhala mbiri masiku 957. Mu January 2004, ntchito ya "Rosetta" bwinobwino anapitirizabe kuyitana ilili. Komabe, chinthu chovuta anali kudikira iwo m'tsogolo. Zovuta kwambiri mungakumane pa ankafika gawo "Fila", zimene zinabweretsa kwa nyenyezi kafukufuku "Rosetta". Muziganiziranso mfundo imeneyi, lokonzedwa ndi a European Space Agency, anasonyeza dongosolo ankafika zofewa, limodzi ndi lililonse la harpoons atatu. Iwo ankafunika atathana padziko nyenyezi, kumene yokoka ndi chotero kuti Kankhani pang'ono kungachititse kuti kutha kwa "Fila" chipangizo danga lotseguka.

The mgwirizano wa wonse bwino, koma sikunali kotheka kuti kumasula onse harpoon atatu. Gawo "Phylen" pamene ankafika kawiri ngati mmene ankaganizira kuchokera pamwamba, ndi amalowerera yekha kudziko lachitatu, ndi unfixed otsala. The chifukwa cha zimene zinachitika anali kuchotsa chipangizo kuchokera ankafuna ankafika malo pafupifupi kilometre wina, ophunzira ntchito sangathe molondola kudziwa mfundo kumene unit "Fila" midzi. Chotsani anali kokha yovuta ankafika malo.

maola 57

Mavuto pamene ankafika anatsogolera kugunda, "Fila" gawo pafupifupi nthawi zonse shaded pamwamba. Unit zofunika mphamvu gwero - mapanelo dzuwa, amene sakhoza ntchito pa kutentha pansi pa ziro. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a mphamvu ntchito pa Kutentha kwa mabatire, koma kuchuluka kwa dzuwa zilipo anali akadali ang'ono. "Fila" chipangizo akhala okonzeka kwa zoterezi mlandu batire, masamu pa maola 64. Iye anagwira Komabe, 57. yekha Panthawi imeneyi, gawo amunamuna "Fila" amene enieni malo sanali ngakhale kumatanthauza mwambowu misa Dziko Lapansi zambiri zokhudza nyenyezi, ngakhale (ankati) anatha kubowola pamwamba ndi kutenga nyemba nthaka.

nthawi yonseyi, "Rosetta" nthawi zonse kuwunika ntchito chipangizo, "Fila", Yosiya ndi iye uthenga. Akamaliza za gawo kafukufuku anayamba ntchito kafukufuku yake.

mawonekedwe

Kumapeto kwa January 2015 nkhani zingapo sayansi zinasindikizidwa, munali mwachidule anapezazo kafukufuku. Imodzi mwa nkhani zosangalatsa lafotokozedwa iwo - yachilendo maonekedwe a nyenyezi. Dziko thupi ngati bakha mphira: zowoneka akhoza kudziwa mutu, torso ndi khosi. Kupenda deta usanaperekedwebe yankho ku funso ngati kuli nyenyezi 67P adanyamuka chifukwa cha kuwombana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri danga kapena mtundu - chotsatira cha kuwonda komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka kwambiri. Mbali yoyamba, chochitika ankati chinachitika pa chiyambi cha dongosolo la zowalitsa zaka mabiliyoni 4.5 zapitazo, chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ngati kupeza kusiyana wofunika pakati pa amachepetsa awiri a nyenyezi ya. Movomerezedwa ndi kungoganizira chachiwiri kuti ndikofunikira kupeza yankho la funso za chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zotsogolera chotero kukokoloka aakulu mu "bakha khosi".

Tsopano amadziwika kuti nyenyezi ali ndi dongosolo porous mkati. Asayansi amati osalimba a phata kuposa chizindikiro ofanana madzi kawiri.

mpumulo

Kafukufuku "Rosette" ndi chipangizo "Phylen" umasamutsidwa ku zithunzi lapansi misa 67P pamwamba. Iwo milu ndi mapiri anapezeka, komanso gorge lapansi. Komabe, miyala nyenyezi yekha zingaoneke amafanana lapansi. Ena a iwo kwenikweni tikaumbike fumbi, ambiri - zotsatira za kufalitsidwa mpweya ndi fumbi, ndiye iwo ali pafupi ndi milu ya chipululu, kuposa miyala.

Gawo la mapiri, ataliatali pamwamba mamita atatu, ankatchedwa goosebumps ndi kuganiza maphunziro ndi zina kwa matupi ambiri ofanana danga. Mwina, zinapangidwa pa nthawi imene dongosolo dzuwa anayamba kupanga okha, ndi zigwirizana fumbi agglomerated ndi matalala.

magwero

Studies apparatuses nkhawa ndi madzi okhutira ndi mankhwala mpweya. kusinthasintha mu zili zinthu izi, amene lifanane ndi thupi lakunja za olamulira a kasinthasintha ndi kusintha kwa nyengo akhala anatulukira. Komanso, zikuoneka kuti mu kapangidwe kake 67P ali ambiri mankhwala organic ndipo kuli ayezi kuposa mmene anthu ankayembekezera kudziwa.

Awa ndi anapezazo ena amanena kuti nyenyezi, mosiyana ndi maganizo a ofufuza anapanga mu Kuiper lamba, inali kupitirira kanjira wa Neptune. Poyamba ankaganiza kuti malo mapangidwe 67P ili oyandikira Jupiter.

zipangizozi "Rosetta" ndi "Fila" kukhudza ndi mbali ya phata la nyenyezi la mphamvu yokoka ake ndi magnetosphere. A mbali yaikulu koma awo kusanthula kale. Kaya pachithunzichi, umene udzakhazikitsidwe pambuyo kuphunzira ndi kuganizira za zinthu zonse, ndege ndi ntchito "Rosetta" lero ndinu mmodzi wa ntchito kwambiri wofuna malo akuyendera. Akatswiri ambiri kuzitcha izo wachitatu wofunika kwambiri chochitika pambuyo ndege Yuriya Gagarina ndipo tidakocheza anthu pa mwezi. Tikumbukenso kuti "Rosetta" - osati otsiriza kufufuza ntchito, zomwe cholinga chake kukuza nzeru zathu wa chilengedwe chonse. Bwino ntchito kwa nyenyezi 67P lakusonkhezerani chitukuko cha ntchito yatsopano. A angapo a iwo ali wokonzeka kuyamba posachedwapa.