Mipweya ya maselo

Anapeza kuti thupi nthawi zonse ndi zinthu eyite sikisi a tebulo nthawi. Twente-faifi zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika pa moyo, khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zimene ndiofunika kwenikweni, ndipo seveni - wofunika.

Chotero mankhwala zinthu selo winawake ndi hayidirojeni, kaboni ndi mpweya zatenga 98% ya kulemera kwake. The zili zigawo zina ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, sulfure alipo mu kuchuluka kwa 0.15-0.2% ndi ayodini chimachititsa% 0,000001 yekha.

Mankhwala maselo zikuphatikizapo mamolekyulu mafuta, zidulo mkati chakudya, mapuloteni, carbon dioxide, mpweya ndi madzi. Tellingly, m'chilengedwe zopanda moyo, zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse izi pamodzi ndi sanapezeka.

zidulo mkati m'gulu mipweya ya maselo, ndiwo maziko a zidulo ribonucleic ndi deoxyribonucleic. DNA ndi RNA - osunga majini (kumtundu) deta.

Mapuloteni kupereka kuli maselo ndi, kuwonjezera, zimathandiza kuti ntchito za ntchito zawo. Pamtengo mapuloteni nkhani theka la kulemera youma khungu.

Izi mankhwala apamwamba maselo ndi lopangidwa ndi amino zidulo. Chifukwa nsinga thupi ndi mankhwala pakati kwa amino zidulo mapuloteni imakonzedwa chogwiritsira mwa selo.

Chachikulu Kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ndi chimaoneka filament a. Kenako (monga kaphatikizidwe) n'kupanga sekondale (ngati mwauzimu a), ndiye dongosolo ukachenjede, ofanana fibril (chingwe) kapena globule (mkanda). Pamene kaphatikizidwe mamolekyulu angapo mwa okha kapena mwa kuchita nawo mamolekyulu sanali proteinaceous amapezeka mapangidwe quaternary. Mwachitsanzo, anapanga himogulobini. Amakhala globin (mapuloteni) ndi heme chigawo nonprotein chiyambi okhala chitsulo.

Mogwirizana ndi cholinga cha mapuloteni kwachilengedwenso anawagawa m'magulu atatu. Michere a gulu loyamba. Iwo kwachilengedwenso catalysts mosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo timene, mahomoni, ndi ena "yeniyeni" mapuloteni. Mu gulu lachitatu ndi tinthu structural. Iwo zofunika pomwe ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu m'gulu mipweya ya maselo.

nembanemba The zigwirizana phospholipids (mafuta mamolekyulu). Mafuta amathandizira kusamala kutentha, monga kutentha insulator. N'zochititsa chidwi kufunika mu yokonza madzi. Anapeza kuti pamene kuyatsa kilogalamu wa mafuta analandira makilogalamu ndi magalamu zana a madzi. Ndiponso, izi zigawo mafuta m'gulu mipweya ya maselo ndi kofunika mphamvu gwero.

Mphamvu amapangidwa ndi chakudya, makamaka shuga ndi polima ake - glycogen. Komabe, Dziwani kuti phindu mphamvu kwa mafuta kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa glycogen. Pa nthawi yomweyo nkhokwe zake minofu ndi chiwindi kwa nthawi makumi atatu zochepa.

Madzi m'gulu mipweya ya maselo. Iwo anapeza kuti ngakhale mu enamel (minofu chovuta mu thupi) lili chakhumi madzi. Maselo kwambiri nkhani H2O kwa makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu peresenti maselo fupa peresenti ake makumi awiri.

Madzi amadziwika, zosungunulira konsekonse. Ndi nawo H2O anapanga thermotaxis. Komanso Zimachitika amuzolengedwa zochita zonse ma. Madzi imalongosola katundu ambiri thupi. Mwachitsanzo, anapereka elasticity, voliyumu ndi makhalidwe ena. Komanso, madzi amagwira nawo kuchotsa mankhwala akupha, zakudya zoyendera mpweya ndi zinthu zina, kumathandiza kuti kagayidwe lapansi.

Mu ndondomeko ya mphamvu kutembenuka maselo a aziwapatsa oxygen. Ndi amphamvu zachilengedwe oxidizing wothandizira. Mmodzi wa Zotulukapo- wa kupuma ma ndi mpweya.