Kalembedwe - izo .. kulemba zosiyanasiyana

The osiyanasiyana mawu osiyana amalola ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu, ndi luntha mfundo izi ndi zosiyana. mawu china Mipikisano faceted, "kalembedwe". Mfundo imeneyi nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu metrology, kapangidwe ndi zomangamanga. Ntchito mawu komanso mapulogalamu.

Mukutanthauza chiyani kalembedwe

Yankho la mavuto osiyanasiyana mwina kulenga akalumikidzidwa osiyana ndi mfundo zimene ziyenera anatsatira pamene ntchito ndi umisiri ndi njira kupanga. Standardization ndi chitukuko njira chilengedwe chinkhoswe mu kalembedwe. Mawu akunena malangizo zomangamanga, mamangidwe kulola kuti ntchito yomanga maofesi osiyanasiyana pa maziko a ntchito muyezo. Development wa mfundo zingapo zofunika kwambiri Iyamba ndondomeko ya nyumba kapena kumanga komanso kumawonjezera dzuwa la dongosolo lonse.

Kalembedwe zomangamanga

Kodi zikutanthauza kuti kalembedwe wa anaumanga ndi? Ambiri mwina, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu mwapadera malamulo, zipangizo yovomerezeka ndi nyumba. kufanizitsa Izi Cholinga kwambiri kusintha mmene womanga zochita kuonjezera Mwachangu nawo makina ndipo makinawa, imathandizira pa ntchito yomanga yomanga malo.

zinthu payekha kalembedwe ndi kuyambira nthawi zakale. Akatswiriwa anapeza kuda kukonzanso ntchito za nyumba munthu zidutswa kukopera njira yomanga muyezo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyana kwachitika ndi kulemba mu nyumba ya Ages Middle, ndi nyumba chakale a masiku ano. Koma udindo lalikulu ankaimba ndi kulemba mu maphokoso Soviet mayiko zomangamanga. Zopangapanga ankafuna kuchuluka zikuluzikulu za anthu ogwira ntchito - ndipo motero yosafuna yomanga nyumba muyezo ndi mkulu-nyamuka. Choncho anaonekera wotchuka "Khrushchev" - ntchito lililonse 50-70-ntchentche, amene, chifukwa kulemba mu nthawi yochepa zinamangidwa m'madera onse a Soviet Union.

Kalembedwe mu standardization

Standardization chikwiriritsa unyinji wa ofanana amalanga luso. Ndiyamika sayansi metering zipangizo kusonyeza makhalidwe, zipangizo ntchito anapangidwa kuti ntchito yomweyo, ndipo anapereka mankhwala makasitomala mbiri yabwino monga mwa magawo chomwecho. Kalembedwe - ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ofanana ndi mfundo kupanga katundu wina, zida ndi zina zambiri. Zimenezi akufotokozera yosiyana umisiri malangizo standardization m'nkhani chitukuko cha zikalata zolimbana, sukhala njira muyezo wa mawerengedwe ndi kuyesa.

Kalembedwe mu mapulogalamu

Izi zikutanthauza kalembedwe mu nkhani iyi? Mapulogalamu, kwenikweni, ndi ndondomeko ya kukambirana ndi kompyuta anthu. Mofanana ndi alankhulane, chotero kukambirana n'chotheka kudzera mwa chinenero, amene ndi chida cha kumasulira malamulo anthu mu chizindikiro kumvetsa kuti kompyuta. njira zonse muyezo akutsatiridwa ndi mapulogalamu chilankhulo makamaka. A udindo waukulu mu gulu la zilankhulo masewero kalembedwe. The phindu ndi tanthauzo la mfundo imeneyi kumatithandiza kulemba funso maziko ntchito alipo m'zinenero ndi chilengedwe cha atsopano.

magulu awiri a zinenero mapulogalamu

Ambiri zinenero alipo anawagawa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

• zinenero untyped;
• mtundu zinenero.

Monga Tingaone kulemba - ichi ndi miyeso yolinganizira imene kugawanitsa nambala yaikulu alipo m'zinenero mizere yosavuta kumva. zinenero Untyped - assembler, Brainfuck kapena chomwecho Kudzachita - anaikira osiyanasiyana yopapatiza ya ntchito. Iwo sangakhoze atengere kapena kusintha. Chinthu china - zilankhulo imene mukulemba. Izi Scala, Php, C, Python ndi Lua, komanso zida zina zina.

Kapangidwe ankayimira zilankhulo

zinenero mtundu zambiri chidwi ndipo apangidwe. Choncho pali kufunika kuti andigawireko iwo mu magulu angapo monga muyezo, amene, kachiwiri, si otsiriza udindo ankaimba ndi kalembedwe.

• Zilankhulo zazikulu kapena zowerengera kalembedwe. Kupatukana pamaziko a kukhala mtundu chomaliza ntchito variable. kalembedwe Statistical imachitika panthawi kulemba. Ndiko kuti, pamene lamulo processing kompayila kale "amadziwa" kumene kuyang'ana kwa mtundu makamaka. Other ntchito - zazikulu kalembedwe. Mitundu ya mtengo ndi Mukalongosola kale pa processing lamulo. Chitsanzo cha kalembedwe zowerengera: C, Java, C #; zazikulu subgroup ukufanizidwa ndi: Python, JavaScript, Ruby.
• Zilankhulo kwambiri ndiponso sanali okhwima kalembedwe. Kodi loyamba Musalole chinenero kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu ntchito - mwachitsanzo, kuchotsera osawerengeka mgwirizano m'zinenero zoterozo sindingakhoze. A chilankhulo kwambiri ankayimira mwina kupanga kutembenuka silinatchulidwe, koma imfa chidwi olondola. Zitsanzo olekanitsa pamaziko a: okhwima: Python, Lisp, Haskell, Java; kulekerera: C, zithunzi Basic, JavaScript, Php.
• Silinatchulidwe ndi zolaula kalembedwe. Kupatukana ikuchitika ndi kompayila lapansi. Motsimikizira ankayimira chinenero ntchito amalenga zosintha latsopano motsimikizira. The zinenero silinatchulidwe, nchito imeneyi iri ndi kompayila lapansi. Zitsanzo motsimikizira ankayimira zinenero - C ++, D, C #. Silinatchulidwe: Lua, Php, JavaScript.

Monga mukuonera, kalembedwe akuchita mbali yaikulu pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Polingalira za kudalirana kuchuluka kwa udindo wake zingawonjezere yekha. Ndikufuna kwambiri nthawi komanso khama typify onse njira alipo komanso tsogolo njira zamakono, kuwabweretsa ku chimodzi chimene, potero kwambiri zomwe miyoyo ya anthu kulikonse Earth.