N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kuti akatidzadza ureniamu? kusanthula zambiri

Nkhaniyi imatiuza za chiyani alemere ureniamu, ndichiyani, kumene amapangidwa, ntchito yake ndi chiyani ndi ndondomeko ya patsogolo.

Chiyambi cha chi nyukiliya

Amenewa ndi ureniamu kudziwika kwa anthu ndi nthawi amakezana. Koma mosiyana ndi nthawi yathu, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito yekha kwa chilengedwe cha munthu glaze wapadera kwa ziwiya zadothi ndi mitundu utoto. Iyo inali okusayidi zachilengedwezi ureniamu, amene madipoziti angapezeke mu osiyanasiyana ndalama pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko lapansi.

Patapita nthawi yaitali, izi amafotokozera chidwi akatswiri. Choncho, mu 1789 ku German katswiri Martin Klaproth anakhoza kupeza okusayidi ureniamu, lomwe magawo ake anali ofanana ndi zitsulo, koma izo sizinali. Izo zinali kokha mu 1840, French sayansi apanga Peligot pano ureniamu - waukulu, siliva ndi zitsulo nyukiliya, omwe Dmitri Mendeleev anapanga tebulo wake nthawi ya zinthu. Chotero kodi inu muyenera kuti akatidzadza ureniamu ndi momwe izo zimachitika?

nthawi yathu

Ndipotu zachilengedwe ureniamu miyala si wosiyana kwambiri ndi enawo. Izi chachikulu amaika mumsewu miyala dzimbiri mtundu, amene yotengedwa mu migodi njira kwambiri mwachizolowezi - zigawo nkhonya ya madipoziti natengedwa pamwamba pa processing wotsatira. chakuti mankhwala achilengedwe lili 0,72 yekha% U235 isotope. Izi singakwane ntchito makina amene kapena zida, ndiyeno pambuyo mtundu iye anasamutsidwa ndi mkhalidwe gaseous ndi kuyamba alemere ureniamu.

Nthawi zambiri, njira ya dongosolo iri, pali ambiri, koma kwambiri zingamuthandize ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito mu Russia ndi mpweya centrifuge.

Mu unsembe wapadera amawapopa gaseous ureniamu pawiri, pambuyo amene ali untwisted kuti velocities yaikulu, ndipo pali kulekana kwa mamolekyulu ankawonjezereka ku m'mapapo ndi grouping iwo mpanda ng'oma.

Ndiye, tuzigawo twa izi anasiyanitsidwa ndi mmodzi wa iwo anatembenukira kwa ureniamu woipa - wandiweyani ndi olimba, zomwe kunyamulidwa pa mtundu wa "mankhwala" ndi zipolopolo mu uvuni. Ndicho chimene inu muyenera kuti akatidzadza ureniamu, monga kuchuluka linanena bungwe la U235 isotope a dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa kwambiri, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito makina amene kapena machitidwe zida.

wolowa

Ngati chifukwa ndi chitsanzo chosavuta, cha patsogolo kwa mchitidwe uwu analandira penapake akufanana yopanga zitsulo - pachiyambi, mawonekedwe a chirengedwe ndi chilichonse sizikugwirizana zidutswa za miyala, amene ndiye n'kukhala osiyanasiyana processing olimba zitsulo.

Komanso m'nyuzipepala zambiri kumva kuti ambiri zochepa otukuka poyerekeza ndi Russian m'dziko lomwelo zambiri ndikudabwa momwe kuti Unakhala ureniamu?

mfundo ndi yakuti ngati ndondomekoyi ndi kupereka chitsanzo ndi mpweya centrifugation zovuta, ndi kumanga mayunitsi simungathe onse. Makamaka, tiyenera chinthu mmodzi, koma kugwa lonse la iwo. Pofuna kuzindikira msinkhu wawo luso, ndi bwino mawu kuti atembenuza awa "ng'oma" pa liwiro la kusintha 1500 pamphindi ndi osaima. Lembani - zaka 30! Chifukwa mayiko ena kugula Unakhala ureniamu mu Russia.

Kodi ureniamu ndi ncho mu Russia?

Migodi 93% ya ureniamu miyala opangidwa m'dera Trans-Baikal, pafupi ndi tauni ya Krasnokamensk. Ndipo Polemeretsedwa ureniamu kwa Russia umabala "TVEL".

ntchito

Ndi ndondomeko kutembenuka mu kugwirizana mkulu-ntchito zosankhidwa, koma n'chifukwa chiyani Kumafunikira? Tiyeni tione awiri mwa madera chachikulu.

Loyamba ndilochokera ndithudi, nyukiliya. Iwo amapereka magetsi mumzinda wonsewo, kusungira yoyenda yokha spacecraft kuphunzira kumadera ozungulira dzuŵa lathu, pali sitima zankhondo, Zombo, zombo kafukufuku.

Chachiwiri, ndi zida zoopsa. choonadi Mukalongosola - ndicho ureniamu mabomba anali atayamba kale ntchito, m'malo mwa zida amasankha nyukiliyazo basi. Anatulutsa ndi kukhudzana wapadera otsika wabwino mathanki ureniamu.

Nkhambakamwa ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Nthawi zambiri, mu zaka za view Soviet anali zigawenga zoopsa kapena "adani a anthu" amatanthauza migodi ureniamu kuti ukutha ake nkomwe kutetezera. Ndipo, ndithudi, nthawi yaitali sanakhaleko kumeneko chifukwa cheza cha.

Ndipotu si. No ngozi makamaka ntchito pa ulimi uyu pamenepo, zachilengedwe nyukiliya miyala ndi otsika, ndi anthu, ngati atati bezvylazno anga adzafa posachedwa ku kupanda dzuwa ndi mpweya wabwino kuposa matenda poizoniyu.

Komabe, zikhalidwe ntchito antchito yosalekerera, maola 5 kokha patsiku, ndipo ambiri akugwira ntchito kumeneko mibadwo, debunking nkhani za chiwonongeko choopsa kupanga zimenezi.

Ndipo chifukwa cha pa ureniamu zatha, ndi njira, kuchita mitima zida zipolopolo. Mfundo yakuti ureniamu kumalemera kwambiri ndi wamphamvu patsogolo pobweretsa zinthu izi chodabwitsa efficiently, ndipo komabe ali ndi chizolowezi Kuipako chifukwa cha chiwonongeko, patapita amadza makina pa iwo.

Choncho tidadzatulukira n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera Unakhala ureniamu, kumene ntchito ndi cholinga chomwe.