Spacecraft. Amapanga Earth Kanema

Spacecraft yosiyanasiyana zake zonse - onse kunyada ndiponso kuganizira anthu. chilengedwe awo anali yoyamba mbiri yaitali ya chitukuko cha sayansi. Space Age, kulola anthu ku kuyang'ana pa dziko limene iwo akukhala, injini ife kuti pa msinkhu wina wa chitukuko. Roketi ku malo lero - si maloto, ndi atamusamalira akatswiri kwambiri aluso amene amakumana ndi mavuto kusintha njira zamakono alipo. Pa magulu a magalimoto danga zimatulutsa ndi momwe iwo amasiyana mzake, ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

tanthauzo

Spacecraft - generic dzina zipangizo aliyense lakonzedwa kuti ntchito mu mlengalenga. Pali zingapo zimene mungachite kuti gulu. Pankhani losavuta kumasula spacecraft zinakhazikitsa ndi opanda. Akale, amapatsidwa lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu ngalawa danga siteshoni. Osiyana mu mphamvu zawo ndi zolinga, mofanana zinthu zambiri mu kapangidwe ndi zida ntchito.

ndege Features

spacecraft aliyense pambuyo pa chiyambi umadutsa njira zitatu: kuchotsa kanjira kwenikweni zouluka ndi ndegeyo. Siteji yoyamba ndi yokhudza chitukuko cha liwiro zida ofunika kufika mlengalenga. Kuti alowe mu kanjira, mtengo wake akhale 7.9 km / m. Full kugonjetsa lapadziko yokoka ikukhudza chitukuko cha wachiwiri danga mathamangidwe wofanana 11.2 Km / s. Ndicho chimene chimachititsa roketi mu mlengalenga, pamene cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa mbali ya malo a chilengedwe chonse.

Atatuluka kukopa ayenera kukhala chinthu chachiwiri. M'kupita kwa chisonyezo yozungulira wa spacecraft ndege kumachitika mwa inertia chifukwa mathamangitsidwe wawapatsa. Pomaliza, siteji ankafika adzatenge kuchepetsa chombo liwiro, Kanema kapena siteshoni pafupifupi ziro.

"Kudzazidwa"

Aliyense spacecraft ali okonzeka ndi zipangizo agwirizane ntchito yomwe imatchedwa pa kuthetsawo. Komabe, kusiyana chachikulu ndicho chifukwa otchedwa zida zina zofunika chandamale chabe kupeza deta ndi zofufuza zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Onse a zida mu spacecraft ofanana. Pamafunikanso machitidwe zotsatirazi:

• magetsi - zambiri kupereka zofunika spacecraft mphamvu kapena radioisotope dzuwa mabatire, mankhwala mabatire, nyukiliya;
• Ife - ikuchitika ntchito wailesi yoweyula chizindikiro pa mtunda yokulirapo ku Earth kwambiri makamaka ndi akuloza molondola mlongoti ya;
• n'zodalirika - dongosolo khalidwe la spacecraft zinakhazikitsa, zikomo kwa iye, n'zotheka pamaso pa anthu pa gulu;
• lathu - komanso zombo ina, malo okonzeka ndi zida mtima nthawi zonse malo chake pa malo;
• kayendedwe - pa makina spacecraft kulola kusintha liwiro kuthawa komanso malangizo ake.

Gawo

Imodzi mwa muyezo waukulu kwa kulekana kwa mitundu spacecraft - mafilimu angaphunzitse opareshoni, kudziwa maluso awo. Pa maziko olekanitsidwa zipangizo izi:

• kukhala mu kanjira geocentric, kapena makina yokumba;
• amene cholinga ndi kuphunzira okwerera lakutali danga - basi interplanetary siteshoni;
• ntchito yonyamula anthu kapena katundu chofunika kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira dziko lathuli, iwo amatchedwa ndege, akhoza makina kapena zinakhazikitsa;
• lakonzedwa kuti anthu akukhala mu malo kwa nthawi yaitali - ndi siteshoni yozungulira ;
• nawo yobereka anthu ndi katundu ku kanjira padziko lathuli, iwo amatchedwa kupita pansi;
• luso kufufuza dzikoli, nthawi yomweyo yothetsa pamwamba pake, ndi kupitiriza izo - Planetary.

Tiyeni akukhala pa mitundu ina.

Makina (yokumba nthambi)

The spacecraft woyamba anapezerapo danga anali makina yokumba. Physics ndi malamulo ake pangani kuchotsa chipangizo china chilichonse ofanana pa kanjira vuto. chipangizo aliyense ayenera kuthetsa kukopa kwa dzikoli, ndiyeno kugwa pa izo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kusuntha ilili ndi liwiro woyamba dziko kapena pang'ono mofulumira. Pa dziko lathuli makonzedwe kumasulidwa m'munsi malire a malo zotheka Kanema (akudutsa pamalo okwera 300 km). Pafupi Kusinthaku zidzapangitsa kuti ndithu mofulumira braking chipangizo mu zikhalidwe za m'mlengalenga.

Poyamba okha boosters akhoza kupulumutsa mu kanjira makina yokumba. Physics, komabe chilili, ndi njira yatsopano akupangidwa lero. Kotero, m'modzi wa njira amagwiritsidwa ntchito zaposachedwapa - kuyambira ndi gulu la Kanema wina. Iwo akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zina zimene mungachite.

The zili m'njira ya nthambi ya makina Dziko Lapansi, angagone pa misanje osiyana. Mwachibadwa, ichinso zimadalira nthawi wofunikila wozungulira umodzi. Makina makope nthawi imene ndi masiku ofanana, anayikidwa mu wotchedwa geostationary kanjira. Iwo ankaona wapatali kwambiri, chifukwa zipangizo kuti ali pa izo, chifukwa akuona lapadziko ngati mapulani choncho, palibe kupereka njira mlongoti kasinthasintha.

AMS (basi interplanetary okwerera)

A nambala yaikulu zokhudza zinthu zosiyanasiyana dongosolo dzuwa, asayansi ntchito spacecraft anatumiza kupitirira kanjira geocentric. AMC zinthu - kuti mapulaneti ndi asteroids, ndi comets, nyenyezi ndi ngakhale kupezeka kwa zakuthambo. Ntchito zimene zimayikidwa patsogolo zipangizo ngati amafuna kudziwa kwambiri ndi khama kwa akatswiri ndi ofufuza. Mission AMC ophatikizidwa patsogolo sayansi ndipo onse nzothandiza ake.

zinakhazikitsa spacecraft

Makina ochapira anayamba kunyamula anthu kuti cholinga Angazigwiritse ndi kubwerera iwo kumbuyo, mwa mawu a sayansi si concede mitundu anafotokoza. Zimatanthauza mtundu wa "Vostok-1", amene anapanga ndege ake, Yuri Gagarin.

Ntchito yovuta kwambiri kwa Mlengi wa spacecraft zinakhazikitsa - chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito pa kubwerera ku Earth. Nawonso mbali yofunika zipangizozi ndi mwadzidzidzi kupulumutsidwa dongosolo, kumene kungakhale kofunikira pa kuchotsa m'chombo ku malo mothandizidwa ndi chonyamulira roketi.

Space magalimoto, ngati pulogalamuyi malo, nthawi zonse chikusintha. Posachedwapa, atolankhani akhoza nthawi zambiri timamva za "Rosetta" ntchito kafukufuku ndi lander "Philae". Iwo kutchula zomwe onse atsopano m'munda wa malo shipbuilding, kuwerengetsa makina kuyenda ndi zina zotero. Tikufika kafukufuku "Fila" nyenyezi ankaona chochitika mofanana ndi Gagarin ankathawa. Chidwi kwambiri ndi kuti si mapeto a mwayi umunthu. Panopa akuyembekezera kutulukira zinthu zatsopano ndiponso achita mwa mawu a malo kufufuza ndi nyumba ndege.