Nyukiliya riyakitala - mtima nyukiliya wa umunthu

Kupezeka kwa nyutironi anali wotsogolera wa atomiki nyengo anthu, chifukwa manja ake anali a sayansi particles angathe, chifukwa chosowa mtengo, kudutsa mu aliyense, ngakhale phata lolemera. M'kupita kwa zatsopano pa nyutironi bombardment wa ureniamu mitima unachitikira ku Italy wa sayansi E. Fermi, isotopes nyukiliya zimapezeka ndi transuranic zinthu - neptunium, ndi nyukiliyazo basi. Motero linakhala zotheka kumanga riyakitala nyukiliya - unsembe, kuposa mphamvu zake mphamvu zonse zimene analenga pamaso pa anthu.

Nyukiliya riyakitala - ndi chipangizo kumene ankalamulira zimene fission nyukiliya, amatsatira mfundo unyolo. mfundo imeneyi motere. ureniamu mtima amakhala ndi neutrons, kuwola ndi kupanga neutrons angapo watsopano, womwe chifukwa zotsatirazi magawano mitima. Mu ndondomekoyi, chiwerengero cha neutrons kumawonjezera kwambiri. Chiŵerengero chiwerengero cha neutrons mu gawo limodzi kuimira ndi kuchuluka kwa nyutironi nyukiliya kuwola gawo yapita otchedwa chulutsa china.

Kuti ayankhe nyukiliya yakhala kulamulidwa ndi akusowa riyakitala nyukiliya, omwe ntchito zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, sitima zankhondo, nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi kuchangamutsa, mu makhazikitsidwe experimental nyukiliya, etc. Kusalankhula anachita nyukiliya n'kogwiritsa ndi kuphulika kwa mphamvu zochuluka zowononga. Mtundu wa unyolo anachita ntchito mwapadera mu mabomba a nyukiliya zimaphulika zomwe cholinga cha kuwola nyukiliya.

A riyakitala nyukiliya, mmene neutrons kumasuka kusuntha ndi liwiro lalikulu, kulamulira anachita zida ndi zipangizo yapadera yomwe anaphunzirako mbali zina za mphamvu particles pulayimale. zomangira ndi luso kuchedwetsa ndi kuchepetsa inertia za kayendedwe ka neutrons, anachita nyukiliya amatchedwa retarders.

Mfundo ntchito kwa riyakitala nyukiliya ili. M'mimbamo mkati mwa riyakitala ndi wodzazidwa ndi madzi otchezedwa kufalitsidwa mkati machubu wapadera. Nyukiliya riyakitala basi adamulowetsa pa kuchotsa kuchokera pakati ndodo graphite, gawo mtima wa mphamvu nyutironi. Ndi chiyambi cha unyolo anachita amapezeka kumasula ndalama kwambiri mphamvu kutentha ndi kufalitsidwa mu riyakitala pakati ukufika khungu mafuta. Madzi usavutike kutentha 320 ° ^C.

Pamenepo madzi a dera woyamba, kusunthira mkatimo machubu a jenereta ndi nthunzi, kutentha mphamvu ndinalandira kwa maziko a riyakitala, madzi a dera wachiwiri, ndi asanaonane ndi iwo, chimene kumatha ingress wa particles nyukiliya kunja holo riyakitala.

ndondomeko Komanso sasiyana ndi zimene zikuchitika pa mphamvu iliyonse matenthedwe - madzi a dera lachiwiri, limene chasanduka mu nthunzi, amapereka kasinthasintha wa turbines lapansi. A chopangira mphamvu chimphona adamulowetsa magudumu, omwe kupanga magetsi.

A riyakitala nyukiliya si chidali chifuniro mwangwiro anthu. Monga m'chilengedwe malamulo a sayansi, nyukiliya fission mphamvu chofunika kukhala dongosolo wochepa kwa chilengedwe ndi moyo padziko lapansi. Mauthunthu riyakitala nyukiliya nyenyezi. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo - dzuwa, zomwe ndi mphamvu yake ya maphatikizidwe walenga zinthu zonse kwa zikamera wa moyo padziko lathuli.