Kodi Sherlock Holmes deductive njira ntchito?

Zolembalemba ngwazi Conan Doyle - waluntha ofufuza Sherlock Holmes - kwambiri ndipo amalankhula kwa nthawi yaitali za njira ya deduction. Ndipo, iye nthawi zambiri zimaika owerenga mu Alley akhungu, bwino mfundo zofunika maganizo. Pambuyo maganizo onse deductive - mfundo imeneyi, kutsogolera kuchokera onse kuti imeneyo. Chitsanzo zosavuta mfundo imeneyi: ndife kudziwa mphamvu za anyamata a Dziko Lapansi; Tili ndi chithunzithunzi kuti madzi anagwa, osati iri yofulumira mpaka; mobwerezabwereza anati madzi dontho ndondomeko. Awa onse amatumiza zimatithandiza nawatsimikizira kuti aganizire zomwe zikuwoneka ngati Niagara Falls (payekha), ngakhale kuti sitinaonepo.

Koma ife tonse tikudziwa Sherlock Holmes amagwiritsa zosiyanasiyana kwambiri kuzimva, kani, kwambiri imadziwika ngati kupatsidwa ulemu, ndi, chitunda kuchokera makamaka kwa ambiri. Matope wapolisiyo nsapato amanena kuti anthu anachokera kumadera akumidzi, yamawangamawanga ndi Tags wosoka kuti khamu nsapato - osati munthu wolemera, koma ndi kum'mamatira kuchokera mthumba la matikiti sitima amanena kuti anafika ku London sitima. Mu ofufuza wake wotchuka kuthetsa milandu anakonza causal unyolo: phulusa la ndudu - wosuta - zolinga zake - chizindikiro cha wosuta lapansi. Ndipo pamapeto kupanga mapeto: wachifwamba - Mr X. Pankhani ya deduction wowopsa Holmes ankaganiza kuti apite njira chosiyana: Bambo X ndi ofanana kwambiri wolakwayo, ena zameshennye mu nkhani iyi, palibe. m'mbuyomu mdima. Iye anali ndi cholinga kupha wovulalayo. Pa nthawi ya upandu alibe alibi. Choncho, amene umapha - Bambo X.

Kotero njira deductive ntchito mu ndondomeko kuthetseratu ndi Holmes upandu? Poyamba, zikuoneka kuti pa maziko a mbali zochepetsetsa, iye recreates upandu powonekera ngati kuti ukubwerezedwa pamaso pake. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya kuba chuma cha Agra: pa njira ya mapazi aang'ono ndi yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda zala ofufuza amaona kuti munthu amene unakhudzadi wake, osati wamtali kwambiri, ndipo konse nsapato. khama maganizo, ndipo ndizo inu, ponena - ndi pygmy ku Islands Andaman.

Zingatanthauze kuti pali kupatsidwa ulemu ukonde - chitunda kuchokera makamaka kwa onse (umboni wochokera payekha kuti nkhani yonse ya upandu). Pamene njira deductive - ndi obadwa kuchokera onse kuti imeneyo. Koma zoona palibe kutsutsana apa. Holmes limati: "Moyo wonse - mosadodometsedwa causal unyolo, koma chikhalidwe cha dera tikhoza tione wina limasonyeza ake okha." Kumbukirani chitsanzo cha madzi ndi Niagara Falls? Nawu amagwira ina yofunika kwa Conan Doyle, pamene ngwazi zolembalemba limati njira wake: "machimo onse amasonyeza kuyandikana lalikulu. Iwo (nthumwi za Scotland Yard) anandiyambitsa mavuto a nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Kudziwa mfundo za milandu 1000, zingakhale zachilendo ayi kumasulira kwa 1,001th ".

Choncho, Holmes deductive njira kumapereka lingaliro kudziwa za milandu zazikulu (mwachitsanzo, kupha, kuba, chinyengo). Kupha iye m'magulu malinga "banja mtengo" kupha chifukwa cha nsanje, phindu, kubwezera, etc. Kenako likukhalira kuti aphedwe kuti alandire cholowa cha Duke ndi kupha anachita chifukwa cha kukhala cholowa Esquire, nayenso, ndi mfundo zawo, ndi zina zotero, mpaka zing'onozing'ono. Detective, koma, wolemba, monga England, kukhala ndi lingaliro la chilumba (ie ankaganiza mu British Isles) chilamulo case, zochokera chakuti watsopano, si koma anamasulira upandu anali chitsanzo m'mbuyomu, ndipo m'pofunika kungoyang'ana fomu iyi zoyenera.

Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti, ngakhale kupatsidwa ulemu zakunja Holmes ndi njira deductive amapezerapo mwayi pa kuwerengetsera zomveka. Kuimba vayolini kapena kusuta ndi moto, ofufuza wanzeru amaganiza: momwe Ikani mlandu makamaka? Kubwezera? Nsanje? Dyera? Sherlock sakhulupilira zonse zolakwika asiyanitse tirigu ndi mankhusu, koma osati kukonza tirigu tidzakhalabe manja ake. Ndipo amanena zokhudza njira ake kuti: "Ine ndimatulutsa pambali zosatheka ndi zotsalazo - ndi yankho la funso limeneli, ziribe kanthu momwe wosangalatsa zingaoneke."