Amapanga Earth Kanema

Amapanga Earth makina - ndi zouluka spacecraft kuti amalembedwa pa kanjira a Dziko Lapansi ndi zokhudza izo mu kanjira geocentric. Iwo zinayenera mavuto Akutsatira ndi sayansi. The Launch woyamba wa yokumba Earth Kanema zinachitika October 4, 1957 mu USSR. Icho chinali choyamba yokumba lakumwamba thupi analengedwa ndi anthu. chochitika anapangidwa zikomo zotheka zotsatira za zipambano m'minda zambiri roketi, makompyuta, zamagetsi, zimango lakumwamba, kudziletsa basi ndi zina za sayansi. Origin anapatsa kuyeza osalimba a m'mwamba, kufufuza olondola anapezazo ndi ongolankhula ndi zofunika njira luso kuti yofunsira linanena bungwe pa kanjira Kanema, kufufuza HIV mbali wailesi ionosphere lapansi.

America anapezerapo yokumba wosapitirira Kanema "Explorer 1" February 1, 1958, ndipo patapita kanthawi, zipolopolo kumayamba komanso m'mayiko ena: France, Australia, Japan, China, United Kingdom. M'munda wa kafukufuku malo ambiri mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko padziko lonse.

Spacecraft angatchedwe mnzake pokhapokha ntchito kusintha kuposa wina padziko lapansi. Apo ayi, ndiye kuti mayina monga mnzake, ndipo limatchedwa kuti roketi kafukufuku amene anayeza njira yodutsamo ballistic.

Kanema ya imatengedwa yogwira ngati zokuzira mawailesi, nyali kung'anima, kuwala chizindikiro kudya, kuyeza zida. Chabe makina yokumba zambiri ntchito kuzipenya kuchokera pamwamba lathuli pamene akuchita ena ntchito sayansi. Zikuphatikizapo makina zonenepa ndi awiri mpaka makumi angapo mamita.

Amapanga Earth makina anawagawa ntchito ndi kafukufuku, malingana ndi ntchito anachita ndi iwo. Research anafuna kufufuza zinthu zakuthambo, Lapansi, m'mlengalenga. Awa ndi geodetic ndi geophysical makina makina zakuthambo Observatory, etc. Ntchito makina - ndi makina aya, makina navigation, makina nyengo kuphunzira zachilengedwe za padziko, luso ndi ena.

Amapanga makina Earth, anaikira ndege, amatchedwa "zinakhazikitsa spacecraft-makina". Makina pa kumalo ozizira kapena kumalo ozizira kanjira amatchedwa kumalo ozizira, ndi kanjira kunyanja - yamphamvu. N'kupuma makina - ikutha pa kunyanja makina zozungulira kanjira amene malangizo chikugwirizana ndi kasinthasintha wa Dziko Lapansi, iwo popachika pa mfundo inayake pa dziko. Kulekanitsidwa Kanema pa mapeto kwa kanjira mwatsatanetsatane, monga fairing, ndi sekondale yozungulira zinthu. Zambiri amatchedwa anzake, ngakhale kuti kuyendera kanjira Lapansi ndipo makamaka mafano kuonerera zolinga sayansi.

Kuyambira 1957 1962. m'dzina la zinthu danga amasonyeza chaka chiyambi-mmwamba ndi kalata ya zilembo Greek lolingana chiwerengero siriyo kuthamanga mu chaka kuperekedwa, komanso numeral Arabic - chiwerengero cha chinthu, malingana kufunika kwake sayansi kapena kuwala. Koma ambiri a nthambi anapezerapo unakula mofulumira, chifukwa ndi January 1, 1963 akhala anasankha kuyamba chaka, kuyamba chiwerengero m'chaka chomwecho ndi kalata ya zilembo Latin.

Makina angakhale osiyana kukula, dongosolo kamangidwe, kulemera, zikuchokera, avionics, kutengera zofuna zanu. Mphamvu zida okwanira pafupifupi onse makina opangidwa ndi mapanelo dzuwa anaika kunja kwa alumikizana ndi.

makina Mpita anasonyeza mothandizidwa basi ankalamulira maroketi Mipikisano gawo. makina yokumba phunziro kwa gulu chabe (Chikoka mapulaneti kukana m'mlengalenga , etc.) ndi yogwira (ngati anaika pa Kanema roketi injini) mphamvu.