The solubility wa chitsulo madzi. Kodi Ine kuyeretsa madzi chitsulo?

Iron alipo mu madzi mu mawonekedwe a divalent ndi trivalent ayoni. Kodi kuyeretsa madzi ndi madzi kumwa Mankhwala oipitsa izi? Vuto lenileni mabanja wamba ndi ogwira ntchito yaikulu. Taonani zifukwa umene chitsulo solubility mu madzi, ndipamene zoipa zopezeka kuchotsa njira ferrosoedineny.

N'chifukwa chiyani madzi mpopi lachita chikasu ndipo lili bulauni?

Iron mankhwala kuti madziwo chikasu mtundu, nthawi zambiri kukoma zosasangalatsa, mukhoza kuona kuipitsa mu mawonekedwe a flakes bulauni. Izi zochitika - kuwonongeka kwa katundu organoleptic wa madzi akumwa. Mtundu kusintha - zomwe ogula la madzi amamvetsera mu malo oyamba. Komanso pali mavuto kwa thanzi la munthu. Zikuwononga amakhudza chikhalidwe chiwindi, mano a m'mimba thirakiti, khungu ndi tsitsi zosaoneka kumwa madzi wapampopi, mmene chitsulo alipo.

Madzi solubility nkwa osati mogwirizana ferrosoedineny ku miyala ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Kumawonjezera ndende ya Fe ²⁺ ndi Fe ³⁺ ayoni chifukwa ndondomeko dzimbiri, amene ali mosalekeza mu apparatuses ndi mipope madzi anapangidwa kuchokera kasakaniza wazitsulo chitsulo. Mapaipi pang'onopang'ono kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa, kusintha katundu wa mankhwala, lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga madzi ndi mukapeza ya chitsulo.

ndi solubility wa chitsulo madzi chiyani?

Chemical amafotokozera, amene anapatsidwa Latin dzina Ferrum, ambiri mwa kutumphuka dziko lapansi ndi malo chachiwiri pambuyo zotayidwa. Lalikulu zedi mu dziko pali miyala ya galasi kapena zitsulo galasi (FeS chilinganizo ake _2). Ferrosoedineniya zimachitika m'matanthwe a mapiri nyanja chiyambi mu mawonekedwe a hematite, magnetite, limonite.

A chinthu wamba chitsulo - ndi silvery imvi ductile zitsulo amene ali insoluble m'madzi. Oxides ndi hydroxides, zambiri chitsulo salt sindikufuna kucheza ndi madzi. Solubility mu madzi kukambirana FeO chifukwa umatha oxidize kuti okusayidi ferric. Pamene anthu kulankhula za madzi FeO njira, okhutira zikutanthauza wa ayoni akakhala. Ena madzi, chithunzi lino mamiligalamu 50 kapena zambiri pa 1 lita imodzi. Izi mkulu wa ndende madzi ngati kumwa ayenera kuyeretsedwa.

Iron limalowera mu madzi achilengedwe?

Thupi ndi mankhwala kukokoloka kumabweretsa kugawikana, yanyumba ndi chiwonongeko cha miyala okhala chitsulo pawiri. Chifukwa cha zochita zikuchitika m'chilengedwe akumasulidwa ayoni Fe ²⁺ ndi Fe ^3+. iwo kutenga nawo mbali pa njira redox. Divalent ion ndi oxidized, izo donates ndi elekitironi ndipo trivalent. The solubility wa chitsulo madzi - ndi kukhalapo kwa Fe ²⁺ cations. Chifukwa cha kufika anachita njira akamagwira salt zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi sungunuka, mwachitsanzo sulfates ndi insoluble (sulfides, carbonates). Deferrization Pamene madzi ngati mawonekedwe sungunuka ndi wotembenuka kwa insoluble, flakes anapanga, ndi woterowu. Divalent chitsulo oxidised kuti trivalent pamaso pa mpweya kapena wothandizila ena oxidizing (ozoni, chlorine).

Masinthidwe ayoni kudzabadwira zikamera wa kugonjetsedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni zina za bulauni dzimbiri, kapangidwe kake ochiritsira angathe kuwonetsa fomu iyi: Fe ₂ O ₃ • NH ₂ O. The tinthu limapangidwa Fe ³⁺ mu zovuta zinthu zochita kupanga ndi organic zimene zimapezeka madzi pamwamba .

Kodi zili ferrosoedineny mofanana mu madzi achilengedwe?

The woipa wa zinthu mankhwala ndi chitsulo mitundu madzi zimadalira zikuchokera mitundu ya kutumphuka ndi boma la zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi akhoza kupezeka ali divalent ndi trivalent chitsulo mankhwala, mitundu organic monga mabakiteriya chitsulo ndi zinthu colloidal (sungunuka ndi insoluble).

Ngati pali miyala ya ores sulphate, n'zosavuta kuti woipa mkulu mudzapezeka akakhala chitsulo. The solubility mu madzi kumawonjezera ndi ferrosoedineny kutentha pafupi m'madera chiphala. Mu nyanja ndi mitsinje apamwamba zili chitsulo, ngati effluents zitsulo ndi mankhwala zomera.

Kodi Ine kuyeretsa madzi chitsulo?

Kuchotsa ferrosoedineny ntchito reagent ndi njira reagentless. Chifukwa cha njira kwambiri ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ion akakhala ku trivalent cation. Mofananamo kubwera ku zodetsa ena madzi - ndi n'kukhala mankhwala insoluble ndipo anachotsa fyuluta. Mfundo imeneyi zinachokera pa ntchito ya makhazikitsidwe kwambiri mafakitale.

Kodi chitsulo solubility mu madzi, anatsimikiza ndi thandizo la zida. Kenako ananyamula deferrization mankhwala: mpweya, chlorine, ozoni, permanganate potassium hydrogen peroxide. Zimachitika mankhwala anachita wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndi precipitate insoluble chinapezeka. Iwo sangakhoze yekha zosefera, komanso kuchotsa decantation pambuyo pogamula ndondomeko (kuphatikiza ndi sludge madziwo). The ozonization ndi chlorination munthawi yomweyo disinfection (disinfection). Akukhulupirira kuti ntchito Mpweya umene - njira zingamuthandize chifukwa chlorine ndi ngozi thanzi la munthu.

Kodi njira ya chitsulo kuchotsa wochepa madzi?

Mu malo m'nyumba ya reactants pamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito hydrogen peroxide ndi permanganate potaziyamu. Kodi Ine kuyeretsa madzi a chitsulo, ngati mukufuna pang'ono kwa nthawi yochepa? Pamene kuwonjezera peroxide mu madzi sludge flakes kugwa. M'pofunika kudikira kuti Amira pansi thanki ndi kukhetsa madzi, kapena kupatsira kudzera alipidwa mtsuko fyuluta. Izi akusowa madzi oipa oyenera kumwa ndi kuphika.

Mokhudzana ndi mitundu ya organic ya chitsulo njira osamveka kutchulidwa. Anthu reagents tatchulazi, moti woterowu particles colloidal.

Ion kuwombola ndi catalysis - njira kuchotsa chitsulo

Pali kumbali-yekha unsembe, ntchito pa mfundo za catalysis, ion kuwombola. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito ayeretsedwa ndi madzi mu mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono mafakitale ndi zing'onozing'ono.

Iron mu ndondomeko othandizira kudzera udalat backfill wapadera chopangidwa kuchokera achilengedwe kapena kupanga feedstock. Zosefera Jaji chitsulo - chitsulo chidebe. Anaika mkati kudzazidwa ndi madzi wadutsa. thunthu ndi chothandizira kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chitsulo divalent, kumasulira mu boma insoluble wa zosiyanasiyana.

Pamene ion kuwombola ntchito deferrization cation anachokera ku resins ion kuwombola, monga zeolite (mchere). M'zaka zaposachedwapa inayamba kupanga mankhwala kupanga kwa chitsulo kuchotsa mwa kuwombola ion.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Tikufunika njira ina reagents chiyani?

Clusive nthawi mankhwala ntchito, ngati pali zovulaza zosafunika - chitsulo madzi. Mitundu ya chitsulo ndi wosiyana koma m'pofunika kufufuza njira mulingo woyenera, njira oyenera kuyeretsa madzi ochokera ku magwero enieni chomwe ali wokwera mawonekedwe ndi ndende chitsulo.

Chlorination chinthu chakale motere kungasokoneze khalidwe madzi ndi zaumoyo. Aeration kapena patsogolo madzi ndi mpweya - njira zayamba wopanda zovuta. Mpweya wadutsa pamadzi, chitsulo ndi oxidized, ndi insoluble flakes precipitate akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kusefera kapena sedimentation.

Kuchotsa chitsulo ikuchitika popanda mankhwala - kugwiritsa ntchito njira electrochemical. maelekitirodi awiriwo kumizidwa mu chidebe cha madzi zidzachotsedwa. The elekitirodi zoipa - ndi cathode - amakopeka akuzisunga ndithu mlandu ayoni chitsulo, iwo akhoza kukhala kwinakwake. Reagent-free njira ina - kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana wapadera.

Pakati pa izi njila ali ndi ubwino, koma kuipa. Kusankha njira zimadalira mtundu umene chitsulo chili mwa madzi.