Okhutira ndi maganizo 'andale'

mphamvu za ndale - ndi mwachindunji ndi kumanga mfundo zili. Komabe, si zokwanira kuonetsetsa indivisibility la anthu, oyang'anira pakati pa magulu osiyana chidwi, kusunga dongosolo lokhazikika, pamene zimathandiza kuti chitukuko, mwamsanga likhoza ngozi pafupi. Chinthu chachikulu kuti mukufuna mphamvu zimene ndale, ndi zimene amagwira ntchito ndi mmene bwino. Ndipo imeneyi yafotokozedwera chizolowezi mu ntchito ya Party, boma kukakamiza ndi boma mabungwe. Dongosolo lonse la gulu la ulamuliro kugwira ntchito anatsimikiza ndi mawu akuti "andale". wokhutira zikuphatikizapo ya mabungwe amene amachita mphamvu. Kumaphatikizaponso zonse mitundu ya kulankhulana pakati pa nzika ulamuliro ndi zinthu.

Pamene lingaliro la "andale" ndi anayambitsa, izo zimatanthauza kuti mfundo anali kuwamva monga minda wodzilamulira wa sayansi. Ndinazindikira ndi interrelation njira zonse ndi nyumba. Kupeza zimene zisinthe zachitika, kaya ndi kupezera bata ndi kukhala bwino mu zofuna za Group, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu zina. Choyamba, kokha mogwirizana ndi dziko si andale amapereka tanthauzo ndale. Ndipo kachiwiri, ndi kuti malo pafupifupi palokha ndipo ali mbali ya dongosolo. Ndipo zinthu zake zonse kotero cholukanalukana kusintha munthu adzapereka kusintha onsewo.

Iye anaonetsa maganizo "dongosolo" m'dera maphunziro m'zaka za m'ma 20 German zamoyo. Iye anaimira monga ya zinthu zimavuta. Koma panafunika zoposa khumi kale, ndipo mu sayansi ndi chikhalidwe kuchita lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito njira mwadongosolo.

chitukuko mu sayansi ndale chifukwa cha kusintha kwa njira zikuchitika mu dera ndale, kugwirizana kwake inextricable ndi dziko si yandale. Chiphunzitsochi chinali kuyankha mchitidwe ndiye lalikulu moganizira zinthu aliyense payekha, osati onsewo. Ndithudi, kuzindikira limasonyeza mfundo ndi zina pa moyo kubwera mu sayansi ndale kamodzi. Moyo wonse wa anthu zikugwirizanira chimango ake ndi nkhani yokhayo boma. Izo basi chinkhoswe mu kufalitsa mfundo ndi chuma. Koma ndi zikamera wa mabungwe a anthu wamba , khamu la zofuna za magulu onse a anthu.

Pa mfundo imeneyi zinachitika mu specialization udindo a ndale ndi ntchito za anthu. Kumvetsa zimayambitsa lafalitsidwa N'zosatheka kutenga nkhani zachikhalidwe cha anthu ndi maganizo ake. Lingaliro la "andale" m'malo mwa mfundo boma ndipo ganizirani yaikulu kugwira ntchito kwa dziko la ndale la asilikali mwamwayi. komanso mwayi ndi kumvetsa interrelations ndi kudalirana kwa anthu wamba ndi khalidwe ndale ndi chikhalidwe.

Mfundo imeneyi anali koyamba asayansi American. Andale chimagwiritsidwa anamvetsa mwa iwo ndipo amatanthauza ya nyumba yonse ya anthu a mu mawonekedwe awo a ndale, ndiponso khalidwe mogwirizana anthu akuluakulu. American wasayansi ndale G. mchiwu wapanga ena kuwonjezapo kwa tanthauzo la izi lingaliro. Malinga ndi iye, dongosolo la ndale akuphatikizapo osati kokha andale, komanso chuma, nyumba chikhalidwe. Komanso, kumaphatikizapo makhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu, ndiyo mbiri ndi maziko a chitukuko chikhalidwe.

Modern ndale alipo mu dziko, ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti subsystems awo kupanga kukhulupirika, modalirana ndi cholukanalukana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Limagwirira umene ukulamulira mu zimachitika izi, ndipo ndicho chiyambi cha kufanizitsa a dongosolo makamaka ndale.