Mneni monga mbali ya kulankhula

mneni amatchedwa gawo lalikulu la mawu, lomwe amaimira ndi kanthu kapena chikhalidwe. The mneni Russian, akuyankha funso "zoyenera kuchita?" "Kodi mukuchita?" Ndipo "zoyenera kuchita?". Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo za chikhalidwe kapena kanthu wachibale: zingakhale kapena zolimbitsa thupi kapena kuyenda mu malo ndi zochitika za ziwalo, kapena maganizo athu. Komanso, mbali iyi ya kulankhula asonyeza njira lingaliro, kukhazikitsidwa zimaonetsa zoti wa kulankhula ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kusiyana matanthauzo lexical, mawu onsewa ndi categorical tanthauzo processuality.

Mneni monga mbali ya mawu lili ndi magulu osiyana kalembedwe ndi Matupi awo mwachibadwa. Kuwonjezera siyana ndi ofanana ndi mbali zina za mawu (munthu m'gulu, chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda), mneni ndi, wapadera gulu lake (maonekedwe, maganizo, mawu, nthawi).

Magulu Morphological mbali ya kulankhula ndi osiyana mu mawonekedwe zikuchokera. Choncho, gulu ndi mtundu wa ina ndi chibadidwe uliwonse mawu, ndi magulu ena morphological tikuchita yekha ndi mitundu ina. Category zizoloŵezi chibadidwe kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse conjugate Komabe, si achilendo kwa infinitive, gerund ndi participle. Category nthawi chibadidwe mitundu ya basi zimasonyeza maganizo, pamene gulu la anthu ndi mitundu achilendo komanso kuyesetsa. chiwerengero si zachilendo mitundu yonse kupatula mtundu infinitive a koyamba ndipo gerunds, ndi mtundu mu chimodzi - njira yokhayo ya maganizo subjunctive ndi tensi yakale ndipo participles.

Mneni monga mbali ya mawu ukugawa mtundu uliwonse m'magulu awiri: conjugated ndi unconjugated. Mu galamala maphunziro ndi magulu atatu a mitundu: mawonekedwe conjugated, ndi infinitive, gerund ndi participle. Pa nthawi yomweyo ankatsutsa njira conjugated amatsogoza kalembedwe nthawi, manambala, lokhala wosasangalala, nkhope, mtundu wa.

Kusintha lokhala wosasangalala wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi nthawi (zimasonyeza wa mneni), anthu (zimasonyeza ndi kuyesetsa), manambala ndi kubadwa amatchedwa conjugation, ndi mitundu kuti Motero anapanga - conjugated mawonekedwe.

Ndi mawonekedwe unconjugated wa mneni monga infinitive, gerunds ndi participles, zomwe n'zosiyana kasewenzetsedwe ka mau conjugate mu alibe inflectional matanthauzo kalembedwe. Komabe, pa nthawiyi gerunds ndi infinitives anapereka mtundu umodzi wokha, sakramentili angatsutsidwe ndi ina ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana chiwerengero ndi kusiya.

Komabe, ndi conjugated ndi unconjugated mneni mitundu amaphatikiza mitundu kachitidwe kamodzi, monga iwo ali nawo mbali wamba, kuphatikizapo wamba lexical ina ina ndi nyumba yeniyeni ndi kasamalidwe, komanso kuthekera ambiri anafotokoza adverb.

Mneni monga mbali ya mawu m'chiganizo nthawi zambiri anafotokoza mkhalidwe Komabe, syntactic ntchito, zomwe Iye akufotokoza, amadalira mawonekedwe ake. Conjugated mtundu wa mneni amene amatchedwa predicative, chifukwa ntchito ngati yosavuta kapena mkhalidwe pawiri mawu. Mgonero kutumikira mu chiganizo anavomera tanthauzo, komanso gawo mwadzina la gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe. Gerunds kufotokoza zochitika kapena mkhalidwe sekondale. Gerunds ndi participles, monga amapereka mbali yachiwiri amatchedwa attributive.

Infinitive - mawonekedwe koyamba mneni - akhoza kukhala membala wa pempholo iliyonse: nkhaniyi ndi mkhalidwe, ndi membala chifungulo cha ziganizo chabe, ndi khama ndiponso amathandizana ndi chochitika. Infinitive - mtundu umene maziko anapanga pafupifupi uliwonse mawu. Mwachitsanzo, ku tsinde la infinitive ndi imagwiritsidwa kale za maganizo zimasonyeza, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau subjunctive, participles leni ina zinachitika kale, participle chabe ina ndi gerunds.

Mneni kukhala mbali ya kulankhula ndi wofunika kwambiri mu chinenero, popeza iye ndiye ndipamene maziko a chiweruzo iliyonse ndipo n'zomveka wathu coherent kalikonse.