Kufanizitsa ya ndale sayansi

Malinga R.-ZH. Shvargenberga, sayansi ndale lero akutikumbutsa Penelope, amene wawononga zonse analengedwa tsiku. Asayansi ambiri andale akuyesera kuti alenge ziphunzitso zatsopano kale mokana kapena kuwononga chilichonse analenga pamaso pawo.

Modern chiphunzitso andale amene anatuluka mu zaka mazana makumi awiri angathe kugawidwa zotsatirazi:

• Postbihevioralizm. Bukuli lili functionalism T.Parsona. Chiphunzitsochi amaona dera ndale monga wogwira ndondomeko mosamala, ndipo alibe kuganizira mikangano ake.

• postpositivism sayansi amaona okha anatsimikizira mchitidwe, ndi makonzedwe otsala anaona kuti palibe phindu ndipo akuwakana.

• Neoliberalism akuyitana kuchuluka udindo wa boma, ntchito mwayi chikhalidwe kupewa mikangano n'kotheka. mfundo: kukhazikitsidwa zodzitetezera pa umoyo, chitukuko msika, mpikisano, ntchito boma m'magulu onse a chuma.

• Neo-conservatism. Ponena za msika free, kulenga mpikisano kutsatira chiphunzitso zokha. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi ofooka kupita kusweka, wamphamvu - wolemera.

• Social demokalase kugawanika mu mumaganiza modernist ndi miyambo.

• Neo-Marxism.

• umunthu, omwe amalalikira chiphunzitso cha nonviolence.

Kuwonjezera izi, pali maganizo ena amene analandira penapake zochepa wamba. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha Chivumbulutso, ndi chiphunzitso cha Ulamuliro ndi chofunikira wake ndi zina zotero.

ziphunzitso zonse ndi njira ina ku kulingalira ndale, koma zofanana kuti aliyense wa iwo pali lingaliro la "ndale" mwachitsanzo, makamaka kugwira ntchito kwa boma. Iwo amakhala ndi digiri ya ufulu, njira muyeso wa nawo anthu pa kayendetsedwe ka statuses osiyana.

Politrezhima Lingaliro ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo akuti "kufanizitsa ya ndale."

Kufanizitsa - Ndi njira yapadera kupeza correspondences khola poyerekeza ndi zinthu zofanana kapena zochitika. M'pofunika bungwe zonse amadziwika za nkhani inayake.

Kufanizitsa ya ndale:

• alekanitsa chachikulu (n'kofunika) ndi sekondale (osasamba) zizindikiro zonse anaphunzira ndondomeko kafukufuku zipangizo ndale.

• Nkhani chandamale machitidwe anthu, amalenga chiphunzitso wathunthu ndi mwadongosolo pa chipangizo awo.

• ndi njira yofunika ulosi wa sayansi zina chitukuko politsistem osiyanasiyana.

The kufanizitsa ya ndale kungakhale ongolankhula, i.e. inamangidwa pa maziko a kafukufuku yeniyeni anatulukira monga zilizonse. Chotero chiphunzitso ndi khalidwe zolemba, ndi kutsimikizira ake, kukana akubwera pomaliza.

Wazotsatira kufanizitsa ya ndale monga maziko kutenga zinthu zimene tingapeze kuchokera kuphunzira yeniyeni, odziwika katundu wa chinthu. kusiyana kwake kuchokera ongolankhula kutsogolera ndi mfundo bwino katundu anaphunzira ndale, chilengedwe cha gulu la, kulekana kwa zinthu pa gulu lililonse.

Onse typologies kuchita monga gulu limodzi chifukwa cha anapezazo ndi ongolankhula ndi kusuntha zotsatira konkire, mfundo zina.

Atakhala ndi ankaona anamaliza izi kufanizitsa ya ndale kuti:

• exhaustively chimakwirira kachitidwe pansi kuphunzira.

• Ntchito i n'kofunika kuti adzawulule mbali ankaikira kachitidwe.

• wogawana magulu kuphunzira dongosolo.

• Ndi kwathunthu, akufotokoza osati waukulu makhalidwe a dongosolo, komanso kupereka lingaliro la ubwenzi wawo.

Ambiri amavomereza lero ankaona kufanizitsa a ndale mchiwu.

Akuyerekeza dongosolo, kudzitengera poyambira awo politkultury ndi udindo ankaimba ndi maulamuliro, atolankhani, maphwando ndi zina zotero. N. Pamaziko a makhalidwe amenewa limasonyeza dongosolo la ndale za Anglo-American, opondereza chisanadze mafakitale ndi European mtundu chokhala. Amondi akulongosola za mitundu yonse anasankha, kusonyeza kusiyana kwawo ndi zofanana.