Owolowa manja mfundo

Owolowa manja mfundo - chiphunzitso otchuka, potsata zoyamba za zimene zinapangidwa cha m'ma 17. magwero ake mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kusintha bourgeois, komwe kunachitika mu zaka 17-18. Panali kulimbana ndi zizindikiro za feudalism, mmene nthawi imeneyo. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa bizinesi. Choncho, nyengo yatsopano anatenga chiphunzitso kuti adzakomana mzimu wa nthawi, monga akadali waukulu ndale mfundo salinso kupirira ntchito yake. Iwo anakhala otchedwa liberalism.

mfundo wakhala anapanga mchikakamizo cha ntchito ya asayansi monga John Mill., John. Locke, Adam Smith, ndi ena ambiri. Zoyamba za chiphunzitso ichi tinapangidwa mwa "Chigamulo Cha Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa munthu" wa nyemba mu 1789, komanso ndi French Constitution, lofalitsidwa mu 1791.

Kodi mfundo yaikulu ya zimbalangondo ndi wotchuka chifukwa monga malingaliro owolowa manja? Mfundo ndi kuti ufulu ndi kumasulika apamwamba patsogolo kuposa zofuna za boma ndi anthu. Ndiko kuti, liberalism analengeza anthu azikhala. Lalikulu amafotokozera mu chiphunzitso ichi amaonedwa ufulu chuma, n'zotheka bwinobwino amachita bizinesi. The mfundo za liberalism ndi kufunika ndi patsogolo chuma payekha boma.

Taganizirani mbali yaikulu ya chiphunzitso chimenechi. Choyamba, malingaliro owolowa manja adzatenge ufulu nzika munthu. Chachiwiri, chiphunzitso amati ndi chitetezo chofunika ufulu onse wachibadwidwe. Chachitatu, ndi ufulu wa bizinesi ndi patsogolo umwini payekha katundu. Chachinayi, ndi kufunika lalikulu la mwayi wofanana wochita kuposa kufanana chikhalidwe. Chachisanu, kulekanitsa kwa anthu wamba ndi boma. Wachisanu ndi kufanana malamulo a anthu. Seventh, ndi ufulu chisankho nthambi mphamvu yonse. Chitatu, ndi kufunika kwa ufulu zachinsinsi ndi chitsimikizo cha sanali kulowelera mu izo ndi boma.

Dziwani kuti chakale owolowa manja mfundo zachititsa kuti zinthu za negative. Choyamba, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa olemera ndi osauka. Kachiwiri, ndi malire mpikisano, zimene zinachititsa kuti mayamwidwe wa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono zikuluzikulu. Mu zachuma ndi ndale anamukwiyira chogwidwa ndi okhawo, amene anali zosiyana ndi malingaliro enieni a liberalism.

Latsopano "akukula" a chiphunzitso anayamba m'nthawi ya 20. Panthawi imeneyi, pambuyo pokambirana ambiri, ena mwa malingaliro a liberalism akhala yantchito. Chiphunzitso yokha anadzatchedwa. Tsopano akutchedwa "neoliberalism." Taganizirani mmene kumasiyana ndi chiphunzitso chakale. A latsopano owolowa manja mfundo zandale akusonyeza mgwirizano pakati pa antchito ndi Ngopambana. Mawuwa amaphatikizapo wa demokalase, kuti wamangidwa ndi nawo nzika zandale. chiphunzitso mwaukadauloZida amadziŵa kufunika kwa boma lamulo m'madera ndi zachuma (kuphatikizapo Kuchepetsa mapangidwe kuphangira). Neoliberalism zikusonyeza makonzedwe a ena ufulu chitukuko, makamaka ufulu penshioni, ntchito ndi maphunziro. Asayansi kuganiza kuteteza anthu ku mavuto osiyanasiyana zoipa ndi zotsatira za dongosolo msika.

Kukweza liberalism chotchuka m'mayiko ambiri otukuka. Neoliberalism akutumikira monga maziko mapangidwe boma, lomwe lili Kuyanjana pakathi malamulo a nzika chitukuko zachibadwa za chuma msika ndi chitsimikizo cha ufulu wina ofunika a munthu aliyense. Pa nthawi, chiphunzitso ichi imatengedwa mwa m'modzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu zandale.