Nyukiliya bomba - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za sayansi kupita patsogolo?

1945 zinali zodzaza osati kupambana kwa adani mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World pa Nazi Germany ndi ogwirizana ake, komanso koma chinthu china yapadera. Awiri mizinda Japanese zinawonongedwa mabomba awiri okha, mmodzi aliyense. Anthu walowa m'nyengo yatsopano. Iwo anayamba zaka nyukiliya.

A bomba la nyukiliya ndi oseketsa dzina "Kamnyamata" anali Mlandu woyamba analengedwa ndi sayansi, angathe unkawononga zikuluzikulu za mdani zimenezi bwinobwino ntchito nkhondoyo. ndege mbiri B-29, kugwira ntchito, m'pofunika mu American Museum la Aviation ndi Astronautics, mu opukutidwa duralumin gulu lake linalembedwa dzina la mtsogoleri wa mayi chombo, Enola Gay, ngati iyi. August 6 nkhonya woyamba ndi wachiwiri masiku atatu, mumzinda wa Nagasaki zachitika. bomba Izi nyukiliya analinso ndi oseketsa dzina - "Mafuta Man".

Bomba loyamba choikidwacho wokongola kumodzi "Cannon" mfundo. A misa supercritical wa ureniamu anaikidwa mu thunthu chidutswa cha zida zankhondo kwa mfuti ngalawa, ndipo mu breech mlandu, kulenga koyenera kuti zikamera wa unyolo zimene chisindikizo ake. Nyukiliya bomba anali kutalika mamita atatu, masekeli matani anayi, ndi kulemera kwa mtengo nkhondowo wa ureniamu anakwana makilogalamu 64, amene anachita magalamu okha 700. Ena a kulemera kwa manja unali wovuta ku anati mbiya chidutswa, chipolopolo, stabilizers, mafyuzi ndi zipangizo zina sekondale.

Low dzuwa, amene anavutika ndi bomba loyamba la nyukiliya anali kuchititsa ndi ochepa radiological kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka ndi yaing'ono kwa kalasi ya zida za mphamvu zowononga, amayezedwa zikwi matani TNT anafunika kuwononga amenewa. The "Mwana" zinali za 15 000 tonnes. Yerekezerani - ndi payload pazipita ali yemweyo "Superfortress" B-29 anali matani 9. Anayi ndi theka zaka za yoponya mabomba panafunika kuti sorties tsiku chifukwa mdani za chiwonongeko zimenezi.

Mankind wakhala anafuna m'mwamba patsogolo, kuyesera kuti apambane palokha, ndipo makamaka mu munda wa zipangizo chiwonongeko cha zamoyo zonse. Ros TNT ofanana, ntchito yatsopano "magawo" luso ndi zina zothetsera luso kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha "wothandiza" Zotsatirapo zida atomiki.

The apogee wa mphamvu yowononga analengedwa ndi sayansi, anali "mankhwala AN 602". Osati kuti n'zosatheka kulenga chinthu china choopsa, mukhoza ndikungomverera zingakhale paliponse.

Amphamvu kwambiri bomba la nyukiliya mu mbiri ya mwambo komanso muli dzina lakelake, ngakhale mwamwayi, "phala" kapena "Kuzka". Ndi chilengedwe cha zonse anaopseza kusonyeza America NS Khrushchev, ndi pa XXII Congress wa CPSU (1961) anasunga lonjezo lake.

Poyamba, monga "phwaa" 100 megatons, koma chisoni Norilsk Iron ndi zitsulo Works. Tinagwirizana pa theka ofanana. bomba kutalika - mamita khumi ndi awiri - awiri ndi theka, thupi akanali yemweyo, kuchokera stomegatonnoy ndi bombolyuk ochiritsira Lachiwiri 95 si woyenera, anayenera pang'ono chepetsa m'mphepete ndi kuchotsa lamba wa pamimba. Zotsatira wakhala kuposa zonse zimene timayembekezera, yoweyula mantha kufalitsa pa dziko katatu.

Koma kenako zinadziwika kuti asilikali bomba la nyukiliya kuti muthe, yobereka yake chandamale ndi mabvuto, ndipo penapake milandu zochepa wamphamvu kungawononge mdani kuposa kuphulika wina chiphona.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mbiri ya nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi kukatsiriza woyamba mabomba awiri waponya 1945.