Ndi mphamvu Gibbs Kodi

Mowiriza njira womasuka ndi chatsekedwa dongosolo mtundu limafotokoza mawu a muyezo enieni, omwe ankadziwika ndi mphamvu Gibbs. Ndi ntchito ya boma. Du Gibbs, ntchito ndi kachitidwe thermodynamic, anakwanitsa kubweretsa izo kupyola mu mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito ndi enthalpy. Gibbs mphamvu, makamaka limachititsa kuneneratu akulowera njira mowiriza kwachilengedwenso ndi kuunikira Mwachangu awo theoretically zothekadi.

Ngati ife ntchito Gibbs mfundo yachiwiri thermodynamic lamulo, chiphunzitso adzakhala zotsatirazi: ndi zonse (const) kuthamanga ndi kutentha popanda dongosolo kunja kukhudzana angathandizire mowiriza otaya okha njira yotero, chifukwa ndiko kuchepetsa Gibbs mphamvu mlingo wa mtengo amenewa amapezeka akafika azilandira ake osachepera. Mgwirizano dongosolo lililonse thermodynamic zikutanthauza invariability mphamvu anati (osachepera). Choncho Gibbs mphamvu ndi kuthekera (ufulu enthalpy) mu kachitidwe isobaric-isothermal. Tiyeni tione chifukwa chake mwachindunji osachepera. Popeza kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe mgwirizano: anapatsidwa boma pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga wosasinthika zikutanthauza kuti kusintha lotsatira n'kofunika kuonjezera mlingo wa mphamvu, ndipo izi zimatheka pamene inu kusintha zinthu kwina.

Letter lakuti - G. numerically wofanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa enthalpy kudziwika ndi kufunika kwa kutentha mankhwala pa mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito ya. Ndiwo mphamvu Gibbs akhoza kudzera chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

G = H - (S * T),

kumene S - mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito ya dongosolo; T - thermodynamic kutentha; H - enthalpy. The mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito ya dongosolo mu njira pamwamba zili m'gulu kuti kuganizira mfundo yakuti mkulu kutentha amachepetsa mwadongosolo dongosolo boma (matenda) ndi otsika - M'malo mwake.

Popeza kuti Gibbs mphamvu, enthalpy, ndipo - zina dongosolo mu yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi kusintha G kapena H akhoza yodziwika ndi mankhwala kusintha zikuchitika. Ngati anapatsidwa anachita aone kuti pali ndi Gibbs kusintha mphamvu, ndiye adzaupereka kwa kalasi ya thermochemical.

Mokhudzana ndi mphamvu izi zikhoza kukhala anakonza Rule Hess ngati kuthamanga ndi kutentha zonse, chilengedwe cha zinthu buku la koyamba (reagent moyo) kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mphamvu mu dongosolo lisinthike, maonekedwe zikuchitika zosiyanasiyana ndipo chiwerengero chawo pa chifukwa cha ntchito.

Popeza mphamvu akutchulidwa m'nkhani, ndi kuchuluka variable, mfundo "muyezo Gibbs mphamvu" unayamba kuchita kuwerengetsera. Khalidwe limeneli chili mwa aliyense m'ndandanda mankhwala, numerically wofanana 298 KJ / mol (dziwani kuti gawo ndi chimodzimodzi kwa wina aliyense mphamvu molar). mtengo Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuwerengetsa kusintha pafupifupi ndondomeko mankhwala aliwonse.

Ngati m'kati mwa mankhwala anachita, ndi kanthu kunja (amagwira ntchito) madzulowo dongosolo, ndiye Gibbs ufulu mphamvu mtengo ukuwonjezeka. Zimenezi zimatchedwa kuti endergonic. Choncho, ngati dongosolo yokha chimagwira ntchito kuwononga mphamvu, tikulankhula za mawonetseredwe ekzergonicheskih.

Lingaliro la mphamvu Gibbs wapeza ntchito lonse mu umagwirira ano. Mwachitsanzo, polima kaphatikizidwe zachokera Kuwonjezera anachita. Mu njira zimenezi ena particles amaphatikizidwa mu imodzi, mtengo mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito amachepetsa. Kutengera pa chilinganizo Gibbs, akhoza ankanena kuti mbali yaikulu Link (mwachitsanzo, mkulu kutentha) Mwina angalipire ndi exothermic Kuwonjezera anachita, amene anatsimikizira mu mchitidwe.