Kagayidwe mphamvu

Kagayidwe - n'chofunika zikuluzikulu za ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thupi. Pamafunikanso njira zingapo. Mphamvu kagayidwe kumafuna pogawanikana pamawere wa zinthu organic ndi mankhwala mankhwala kumasulidwa mphamvu ndi kugwirizana. Iwo ananena kuti zina Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wapangidwa mwina mu mawonekedwe a kutentha. gawo lina asungidwira mamolekyulu ATP.

Magawo a kagayidwe mphamvu nyama

Gawo loyamba - kukonzekera. Mphamvu kagayidwe akuyamba ndi malowedwe chakudya mu thupi kapena nyama anthu mu maonekedwe a zinthu zovuta macromolecular. Pamaso kudutsa, ndi kuwononga awa otsika mankhwala maselo kulemera kwa zimakhala ndi maselo.

Hydrolytic pogawanikana pamawere zinthu organic ikuchitika ndi nawo madzi. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mu kapepala m'mimba (multicellular), pa mlingo ma (mu lysosomes) mu vacuoles m'mimba (unicellular) mchikakamizo cha michere ena.

Mapuloteni anthu ndi nyama unagwa mu m'mimba ndi duodenum ndi kwa amino zidulo. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mchikakamizo cha peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Ngakhale M'mimbamo m'kamwa imayamba komanso yogawanika polysaccharides. enzyme Ichi ndi mtsikana ptyalin. Komanso pogawanikana pamawere wa polysaccharides amapezeka mchikakamizo cha amylase mu duodenum ndi. Apa pakubwera kuwonongedwa kwa mafuta. Zimenezi zimakhudza lipase. The mphamvu kuti adzamasulidwa amatumizidwa mu mawonekedwe a kutentha.

Mphamvu kagayidwe kumafuna yobereka zigawo zakudya mu magazi awo, ndi mayendedwe a maselo onse ndi ziwalo. Maselo a ilowa mwachindunji mu cytoplasm kapena lysosome. Ngati zinthu unagwa mu lysosomes pa mlingo ma, nthawi yomweyo amasulidwa kulowa cytoplasm lapansi. sitepe imeneyi imaphatikizapo yokonza mankhwala kuti makhalidwe oipa okhudza maselo ambiri.

Lachiwiri kagayidwe siteji mphamvu akuimira anoxic makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Njira Choncho saonetsa nawo mpweya, pa mlingo ma. Makutidwe ndi okosijeni chikuchitika mu cytoplasm selo. Mbali ina chinsinsi kuonetsetsa kuwombola mphamvu, ndi shuga. Other organic pawiri (kwa amino asidi, glycerol, mafuta zidulo) aphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko ya kusintha kosiyana.

The akuwaza shuga popanda mpweya wotchedwa glycolysis. pawiri Izi amaloŵamo masinthidwe angapo motsatizana. Choyamba, pali kutembenuka ake mu fructose. Shuga fosfoliruetsya - adamulowetsa ndi tinthu awiri ATP, osatembenukira ku fructose-diphosphate. Pofunika limawola n'kusanduka mpweya hexahydric molekyulu mu ziwiri zitatu mpweya mamolekyulu glycerophosphate. Chifukwa cha zochita angapo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni amapezeka. Choncho mamolekyulu kutaya maatomu wa hydrogen awiri, kutembenuzira kenako mu molekyulu asidi pyruvic. Chifukwa cha zochita awa apanga mamolekyulu anayi ATP. Koma kutsegula koyamba mamolekyulu awiri shuga a ATP ntchito, mu 2ATF ambiri kenako anapanga. Kumasulidwa, motero mu azingokhala mphamvu shuga ndi pang'ono Otetezedwa mwina anamasulidwa mu mawonekedwe a kutentha.

Pa gawo lachitatu, kupuma (kwachilengedwenso makutidwe ndi okosijeni). Sitepe n'chotheka mchikakamizo cha oxygen. Pa nkhani imeneyi, umatchedwa oxygen. Zimenezi zimachitika mitochondria lapansi.

Mu mau ndalama (waukulu) kuwombola mphamvu (pafupifupi) chifukwa wamkulu ali pafupi 24 kcal / kg / tsiku. Mu kuwerengetsa anthu ambiri pa mowa tsiku la 1500 kcal akazi ndi za 1700 kcal kwa amuna. Odwala ndi osiyana mbiri kudwala kufunika mphamvu patsiku akhoza adzauka awiri katatu.