Mawu akuti "maopareshoni otsegula msika" amatanthauza .. Mfundo yaikulu ya maopareshoni otsegula msika ndi ntchito yawo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

Mawu akuti "lotseguka ntchito msika" amatanthauza ya zochita za banki chapakati kusintha liquidity a zachuma. Zochita pali ponso kapena kuchepetsa mwa kundipatsako kwa ndalama national kupezeka. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mgwirizano boma amagulitsidwa kapena anagulidwa ndi banki chapakati pa lotseguka msika (choncho dzina) ndi kumatanthauza wotuluka wowombola amene ali ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano mfundo ndalama chida ndi mabungwe malonda ndalama. cholinga Aika nthawi zonse kuonetsetsa liquidity mlingo chokwanira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndalama zofunikira chidwi, ndalama, kufufuma kwa kanthawi kochepa ndi kusamalila kuchuluka njira ya m'munsi ndalama.

Akamanena za ndondomekoyi

Mawu akuti "maopareshoni otsegula msika" amatanthauza banki chapakati kumakhudza mwachindunji liquidity. Iwo ali nkhani yapadera loro makampani. bwino awo amasonyeza chapakati banki ndalama ndalama ziwalo. Kuwonjezeka kuchuluka nkhani sichichititsa ndi kuvomerezedwa nkhani banknotes zina. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndalama lero, pali zambiri mu mawonekedwe a marekodi a pakompyuta, osati zinthu monga thupi. Choncho, banki chapakati akhoza yomweyo kuwonjezera kapena kuchepa kuchuluka nkhani loro. Komabe, ndalama pakompyuta umasinthanitsidwa ndi ndalama ndi banknotes. Choncho, pambuyo kuwonjezeka kuchuluka nkhani loro Bank chapakati ayenera kukhala okonzeka nkhani zina. Komatu kukachitika kuti ndalama za kungafune bungwe malonda ndalama.

wotuluka Repo

Mawu akuti "lotseguka ntchito msika" amatanthauza m'mayiko onse otukuka, banki chapakati samangofikira kupereka ngongole, koma kutenga katundu monga ina kuti amatengedwa ngati abwino. Mtengo wa yamasika ayenera kuphimba kuchuluka operekedwa ndi malonda mabungwe a zachuma ndi ngongole ngongole. Ntchito repos kupewa kusinthasintha zosafunika mu chiwongola dzanja, mitengo kuwombola ndi kufufuma, kugwirizana ndi kusintha lakuthwa mu ndondomeko ndalama. Kupereka ndi chitsimikizo kuti chuma cha dziko sadzalola imfa mu mwambo bankirapuse wobwereka a.

Interconnection ndi chiwongola dzanja

Mawu akuti "maopareshoni otsegula msika" limatanthauza ndalama mfundo chida, imene imakhudza kugula kapena kugulitsa kumangidwa banki chapakati. Cholinga chachikulu cha zimenezi chokhudzana ndi lamulo la kukula kwa m'munsi ndalama ndi mitengo kukongoza yochepa. Komanso, pa ntchito izi zimasiyanasiyana mlingo wa kufufuma ndi mlingo kuwombola. Zonse ndi chimodzimodzi ndi katundu. Ngati Bank ku Central amayamba kugulitsa nsinga Boma, liquidity a zachuma yafupika. Mmbuyo kumakhaladi zochepa ndalama. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka mu akukhudzidwira kufunika kwa ndalama. Choncho, chiwongola dzanja adzauka, ndalama national kulimbitsa, amachepetsa mlingo kufufuma. Ngati mukufuna kudula chiwongola dzanja, banki chapakati amagulitsa nsinga boma. Zimenezi mwa kundipatsako kwa ndalama. Ndipotu, ndithu lalikulu zachuma ngongole gulu nthawi zonse bwanji mlingo wa mitengo. Koma Bank ku Central zina wosatha, kumangokumbukira zinthu.

Mu US,

Pambuyo mavuto azachuma lonse, Kukhuta anayamba kupereka chidwi pa nkhokwe banki owonjezera. Izi amachepetsa chiopsezo mabanki malonda opereka Kuyamikira borrowers wosalimba. Zochita za Bank ku Central mu msika kuwombola m'mayiko ena makamaka usiku repo ntchito. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezeka afika okwanira ndalama. The Kukhuta komanso ayambe repo iwowo. Iwo ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kuchepetsa yobweretsa ndalama. Repos ntchito malipiro zosakhalitsa kusintha mu nkhokwe banki. The Kukhuta komanso amachititsa wotuluka zogulitsa chomaliza kapena kugula kumangidwa boma kapena mfundo zina za chuma.

Mu EU,

European Union wagwiritsa ntchito zida ofanana cha lamulo ndalama. ECB limafotokoza mfundo zake ndalama monga anayi. Chimene ntchito ntchito zimadalira mukufuna ndi kusintha mu gawo ndalama liwu yochepa kapena yaitali.

Latsopano la Russia

Bank chapakati Russia amagwiritsanso ntchito wotuluka mu funso monga mbali ya malamulo ake. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana mu US. Cholinga cha Bank of Russia ndi kuonetsetsa mtendere wa ruble, ndi chamoyo yosalala ndi kulimbitsa nchito ndalama. ntchito REPO chifukwa la Russia ndi watsopano zolimbana chida, koma iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndipo akuyembekeza wabwino chitukuko zina.