Igor Stravinsky: ndi mbiri ndi chithunzi

Igor Stravinsky, amene yonena ali m'nkhani ino - yotamandika kwambiri Russian Wolemba, limba ndi wochititsa. Iye ali kazembe wa chimakono nyimbo. Igor Fedorovich - mmodzi wa oimira lalikulu la dziko la chisunzo.

yonena

Mu 1882, June 17, anabadwa Igor Stravinsky. Mwachidule yonena za Wolemba amapereka makolo chithunzithunzi cha kumene mnyamata anali ndi ludzu ngati nyimbo. atate wake - Feodor Ignatievich - ankadziwa kuimba, soloist ya Mariinsky Theater, Amakwaniritsidwa Chithunzi cha Russia. Mayi Kirillovna anali limba. Iye anatenga gawo mu zoimbaimba mwamuna wake ndi accompanist ndi. Banja ndinkakhala nalo m'nyumba ya ojambula zithunzi, oimba ndi olemba. A alendo kawirikawiri pa Stravinsky anali F. M. Dostoevsky. Kuyambira ndili mwana Ufumuyo nyimbo ndi Igor Stravinsky. Photos wa makolo Wolemba m'nkhani ino.

Mu zaka 9, wolemba tsogolo anayamba maphunziro limba. Pamene Igor Fedorovich maphunziro a sekondale, makolo kunena kuti analandira digiri malamulo ake. Tsogolo Wolemba anaphunzira ku St. Petersburg University ndi izo paokha kuphunzira khalidwe nyimbo-ongolankhula. sukulu wake wa yekha zikuchokera anali pandekha Igor Fedorovich anatenga Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Motsogozedwa ndi munthu wamkulu uyu Stravinsky analemba mabuku wake woyamba. Mu 1914, Igor Fedorovich anasamuka ndi banja lake ku Switzerland. Atangobadwa First World nkhondo, chifukwa cha zomwe Stravinsky sanabwerere ku Russia. Patapita chaka chimodzi, wolemba anasamukira ku France. Popeza 1936, Igor Fedorovich anayamba kuyenda kwa United States pa ulendo. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika, anasamukira ndikupita ku America. Mu 1944 Stravinsky anapanga makonzedwe kodabwitsa kwa US fuko ndi kuchita ntchito konsati. Pa ichi iye anamangidwa. Iye ngongole a chilango cha nyimbo kupotozedwa. Wolemba yekha adalipo osati kulengeza chochitikacho ndipo nthawi zonse kuti mfundo panalibe mmodzi. Mu 1945 wolemba anakhala nzika American. Igor Fedorovich anamwalira mu 1971. Chifukwa cha imfa - kulephera mtima. Russian Wolemba anaikidwa mu manda a San Michele, Venice.

njira kulenga

Monga ndanenera pamwamba, motsogozedwa ndi Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov analemba mabuku ake oyamba omwe Igor Stravinsky. Wolemba anapereka iwo kwa anthu, ndi pa kuimba izi panafika Sergei Diaghilev. Iye anayamikira nyimbo Igorya Stravinskogo. Posachedwapa, impresario wotchuka adafotokoza Igor Fedorovich mgwirizano. Iye analamula kuti iye kulemba nyimbo kuvina kwambiri "Nyengo Russian" mu Paris. Stravinsky anathandizana ndi Diaghilev kwa zaka zitatu ndi nthawi iyi analemba wake ballets kampani atatu kuti anamuika wotchuka:. "The mwambo wa Spring," "Petrushka" ndi "The Firebird" Mu 1924, Igor Fedorovich anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake monga limba ndi. Omwe ntchito - Concerto kwa limba ndi Mphepo Orchestra - anachita pa siteji Igor Stravinsky. Kondakitala akuwonetseredwa mu pamaso pa zimenezo. Ndi udindo umenewo, iye anatumikira ku 1915 kuti 1926. Kwenikweni ankachititsa ntchitoyo ntchito zake. Iye anali kwambiri udzafunidwa kwa oimba. Mu zaka 50-60, izo zinapangidwa ndi kujambula ma CD a kwambiri za ntchito zake. Mu 1962, Stravinsky anabwera pa ulendo mu USSR.

moyo

Mu 1906, wolemba anakwatira msuweni wake - Ekaterina Nosenko. Zinali ukwati wa chikondi chake chachikulu. Stravinsky The banjalo ana anayi: Milena, Lyudmila, ndi Theodore Svetoslav. Ana anakhala amisiri wotchuka. Fedor - chithunzicho, ndipo Svyatoslav - limba ndi kupeka. mwana Lyudmila anali mkazi wa ndakatulo Yury Mandelstam. Chifukwa chakuti Catherine akudwala TB, Stravinsky anachoka yozizira ku Switzerland, lonyowa mpweya Petersburg zimawononga mphamvu pa matenda akewo. Mu 1914, Igor Fedorovich ndi banja lake anali kukhala mu Switzerland kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo sakanakhoza kubwerera ku Russia chifukwa cha mliri wa First World nkhondo, kenako zingapo namtsata. chuma chake chonse ndi ndalama kuti anakhalabe mu Russia, banja anataya. Zimenezi amaona ngati ngoziyo Igor Stravinsky. banja wolemba anali m'malo chachikulu, ndipo onse a iwo anali kudyetsedwa. Kuwonjezera mkazi wake ndi ana anayi, iye anali mlongo, nephews ndi mayi. Stravinsky mu nthawi imeneyi watha kulandira chaulemu kwa ntchito za ntchito zawo mu Russia. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti iye amene anasamukira. Ntchito zake zonse lofalitsidwa mu dziko lathu, ankaloledwa kuchita popanda malipiro ndalama wolemba. Kuti athetse vuto la ndalama, magazini atsopano a ntchito zake anapanga Igor Stravinsky. moyo wolemba sanali popanda nthano zake. Iye amataya chibwenzi ndi Koko Shanel. Pamene Stravinsky anali pafupifupi ayi zofunika pamoyo, Mademoiselle amuthandize. Anaziuza wolemba ndi banja lake moyo mu Villa wake. Igor Fedorovich anakhala ndi Mademoiselle Tchanelo zaka ziwiri. Iye yokonzedwa gulu la zoimbaimba ndi Stravinsky ndi banja lake munali. Pamene wolemba sanalinso kukhala mu Villa ake, akale ngakhale mochuluka monga zaka 13 Coco anali kutumiza ndalama mwezi uliwonse. Zonsezi wafunsira mphekesera zokhudza achikondi awo. Komanso, Coco anali mkazi wachikondi. Koma N'zokayikitsa ngati mbiri izi ndi zoona. Stravinsky chidwi yekha French ndalama.

Mu 1939, mkazi wa Igor Fedorovich anafa. Patapita nthawi, Stravinsky kukwatirana. mkazi wake wachiwiri anali bwenzi lakale la Wolemba za - Vera Arturovna Sudeykina.

Russian nyengo ntchito

Igor Stravinsky, amene zithunzi ali m'nkhani ino, pa gawo loyamba la ntchito yake - ndi zaka 1908-1923 - analemba makamaka kuvina ndi opera. Nthawiyi ntchito yake amatchedwa "Russian." ntchito zonse zolembedwa ndi Iye pa nthawi iyi, ndi zambiri zofanana. Mu zonse pali amajambulapo maluwa okongola ndi mitu ku folklore Russian. The kuvina "The Firebird" akuonekera bwino mbali stylistic khalidwe la ntchito za Rimsky-Korsakov.

Neoclassical nyengo ntchito

Ichi ndi gawo lotsatira la chitukuko cha zilandiridwenso wa Woipeka. Zinatha mpaka 1954. Yambani izo anaika sewero la "Mavra". Chifukwa cha nthawi iyi anali reinterpretation a mafashoni ndi zinthu mu nyimbo za m'ma 18. Kumapeto kwa imeneyi chitukuko cha ntchito yake wolemba amatanthauza Kale, kuti nthano zakale Greek. kuvina "Orpheus" ndi sewero la "Persephone" linalembedwa. ntchito Last Stravinsky zokhudzana neoclassicism, ndi "Patsogolo angatenge a". Izi za zisudzo ndi zina zachidule William Hogarth a.

Siriyo nyengo ntchito

Mu zaka 50 Igor Stravinsky anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za seriality. Transitional ntchito nthawi imeneyi anali Cantata, olembedwa m'mavesi osadziwika andakatulo English. N'zoonekeratu okwana polifonizatsiya nyimbo. ntchito wotsatira wa nthawi imeneyi anali kwathunthu siriyo, imene Wolemba anasiya tonality kwathunthu. "Maliro a mneneri Yeremiya," akulemba dodecaphony kwathunthu.

Ntchito za zisudzo nyimbo

List zichite zisudzo, ballets, nthano ndi zithunzi lolembedwa ndi wolemba Igor Stravinsky:

• "The Ukwati" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Ballet Opezeka."
• "Petrushka" (libretto ndi A. Benoit).
• "Agon".
• "Kusewera Makadi" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Apollo Musaget".
• "The Firebird" (libretto ndi M. Fokine).
• "Persephone".
• "Fairy ndi chipsompsono" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Pulcinella".
• "Mavra" (libretto ndi B. Kohno pa ndakatulo ndi Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina).
• "Chigumula."
• "Renard, tambala, mphaka ndi Ram" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Orpheus".
• "Msilikali Nkhani" (libretto Sh.F.Ramyu zochokera nkhani Russian maphwando a).
• "The mwambo wa Spring."
• "The angatenge wa Bwino" (libretto ndi Charles W. Auden ndi Kollmena pa zithunzi William Hogarth).
• "Oedipus Rex".
• "Nightingale" (S. libretto Mitusova nthano G. H. Andersen).

Mndandanda wa ntchito kwa oketsra

• "Maliro Song".
• Nthetemya ku C.
• Scherzo kalembedwe Russian.
• "Concert kuvina."
• Moni zing'wenyeng'wenye.
• Nthetemya ES-dur.
• "Dumbarton Oaks".
• Concerto kwa zeze ndi Orchestra mu D Major.
• "Makombola".
• "Maseŵeralo Polka kwa njovu wamng'ono."
• Divertimento.
• "The Firebird" - Maapatimenti ku kuvina lapansi.
• Capriccio kwa limba ndi Orchestra.
• "Zinayi Norway maganizo."
• Basel bwanji.
• Wosangalatsa Scherzo.
• "Pulcinella" Maapatimenti ku kuvina lapansi.
• Kusiyana odzipereka pokumbukira Aldous Huxley.
• Oda.
• Concerto kwa limba, mkuwa Banda, timpani ndi basses.
• "Movement" chifukwa limba ndi yana.
• Nthetemya mu magawo atatu.

chifukwa kwaya

Igor Stravinsky analemba angapo ntchito choral. Pakati pawo:

• "Introit kukumbukira."
• "Symphony la Masalmo" (kwa kwaya ndi oketsra).
• "Maliro ya mneneri Yeremiya."
• Cantata "The ulaliki, fanizo ndi pemphero" (kwa Alto, ndondomeko, owerenga, nyimboyi ndi oketsra).
• "Kachikhulupiriro" (a ntchito kwaya popanda limodzi nyimbo).
• Cantata pa ndakatulo K. Balmont "Zvezdoliky".
• "Atate wathu" (kwa kwaya popanda limodzi nyimbo).
• "Maliro nyimbo."
• "Kondwerani O Virgin Mayi wa Mulungu."
• Cantata "Babulo" (kwa owerenga, nyimboyi amuna ndi oketsra).
• nyimbo Woyera wa St. Mark.
• "Misa" (kwa kwaya wosanganiza, limodzi ndi gulu loyimba zida mphepo).
• Cantata pa ndakatulo ndi olemba ndakatulo anonymous zaka England 15-16.
• "Podblyudnye" - Russian wamba nyimbo kwaya akazi.
• Hymn kwa TS Eliot ndakatulo.

ntchito List m'chipinda

• Ebone Concerto.
• Elegy kwa Viola.
• Atatu Kalavani kwa Clarinet.
• "Msilikali Nkhani" - Maapatimenti ku sewero la pa zeze, clarinet ndi limba.
• Nthetemya kwa Mphepo odzipereka Debussy.
• Awiriwa Concertante.
• Atatu Kalavani kwa chingwe anai.
• Epitaph ku gravestone M. Egon.
• Poyembekezera jazi gulu.
• Concertino kwa chingwe anai.
• Ragtime.
• Wapawiri ovomerezeka R. Dyufi kukumbukira.
• Fanfare kwa mapaipi awiri.
• Septet kwa zingwe, Mphepo ndi limba.
• Lullaby kwa zojambulira awiri.
• Octet kwa Mphepo.

Pokumbukira Wolemba ndi

Dzina Igorya Stravinskogo ndi sukulu nyimbo, limene lili mu Oranienbaum. masitampu ndi ndalama anali inakhazikitsa mu ulemu kompoziora. M'tawuni French wa Montreux ali holo nyimbo dzina la Igorya Stravinskogo. Pa dziko Mercury ali Chigwa dzina lake. Dzina "Igor Stravinsky" ndi alendo ngalawa ndege ya "Aeroflot" A-319. Polemekeza kwambiri Russian Wolemba wina dzina lake: msewu mu Amsterdam, kasupe ku Paris, Alley m'dera Lausanne Oranienbaum. Mu Ukraine (Volyn) ndi Museum Igorya Stravinskogo. Ndipo pamenepo kuyambira 1994, makamu padziko lonse nyimbo chikondwerero dzina la Wolemba ichi, kondakitala ndi limba.