Indian nyanja

Wachitatu waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse imatengedwa Indian Ocean. m'lifupi (pakati Australia South ndi South Africa), zikwi khumi makilomita. M'dera la nyanja ya Indian - 73.556.000 makilomita lalikulu (pamodzi ndi Persian Gulf ndi Nyanja Yofiira).

Islands mu madzi zochepa. Yaikulu ndi: Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Socotra. Pali ngakhale chiphala chilumba monga Prince Edward, Mascarene, Crozet ndi ena. Pa cones chiphala chamoto, mu M'madera a zitunda otentha zili zilumba matanthwe a Chagos, Laccadives, Maldives, Cocos, ndi ena.

Indian Ocean wolemera mchere. Choncho, pa maalumali anatulukira mpweya ndi madipoziti mafuta (makamaka Perisiya), monazite mchenga (m'dera m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa India), mu miyala ya thanthwe - golide, phosphates, tini miyala. Kugaŵikana mabacteria anapeza miyala chromium, manganese, chitsulo, mkuwa, ndi zina zotero. Concretions lalikulu madipoziti opezeka mabeseni ambiri.

Indian Ocean, ili kwathunthu mu Chigawo cha kum'mawa. Mu West, Africa ndi kumpoto - Europe ndi ku Asia kum'mawa - Australia ndi Sunda Islands, mu South - Antarctica. Mu kum'mwera kumadzulo Indian Ocean, lonse zokwanira kuuzidwa kuti Atlantic, kum'mwera-kum'mawa - kwa Pacific.

pansi zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Pansi pa nyanja ya Indian Ocean kusiyanitsa pakati uplifts dongosolo la zitunda m'ma nyanja. Iwo amasiyana kum'mwera kum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo. Aataliatali amasiyana pamaso pa zolakwa yopingasa ndi kugawanika kotereku kumachitika, seismicity, kuphulika kwa mapiri m'madzi. A ambiri mabeseni kwambiri madzi inali pakati pa zitunda za. Alumali sikusiyana m'lifupi lalikulu, koma kukula kwake ndi yofunika ku maiko Asian.

A mbali ya Indian Ocean lagona subequatorial, yamphamvu ndi mabacteria otentha. gawo kum'mwera lili M'madera a zitunda mkulu wa boma linakwanitsa. Mbali yaikulu ya nyengo madzi ankaona mvula - mphepo nyengo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean okha nyengo awiri - wofatsa, ofunda ndi dzuwa ndi mitambo nyengo, kutentha, mvula ndi mafunde chilimwe. Kuyambira 10º S. yakumadzulo. kum'mwera chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mphepo ya mwera kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Pakuti M'madera a zitunda kotentha kuti amakhala ndi odekha ndi amphamvu mphepo kuchokera kumadzulo. Lamba kunyanja amakhala ndi kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya - zikwi zitatu millimeters pa chaka. Mu Persian Gulf ndi Nyanja Yofiira ndi gombe la Arabia, pa mwake, mpweya pang'ono kwambiri.

Mafunde ya Indian Ocean kumpoto zimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa yamvula ndipo muvale dongosolo loyenda nyengo. Choncho anapanga kupulumutsa yamvula (kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa) ndi yozizira (mu n'zosiyana). Pakuti kum'mwera kwa khalidwe South Equatorial panopa ndi West Mphepo Kuthetsa.

Wapakati madzi pamwamba kutentha ndi za seventini madigiri. Izi mlingo kuzirala wotsika kugwirizana ndi kukhudzana madzi Antarctic. Mu kumpoto kwa nyanja umafunda mpaka bwino. Popeza palibe inflow cha kuzizira, ndi gawo lotentha kwambiri. Mu Gulf chilimwe kutentha madzi mbakwira madigiri 34. Pakuti Chigawo kum'mwera yodziwika ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kutentha ndi kuwonjezeka kumpoto.

Organic dziko mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean mwachuluka ofanana ndi dziko Pacific organic. Iwo amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana nsomba mitundu zikuchokera. Mwachitsanzo, mbali kumpoto lili ndi anchovies, sardines, nsomba, nsomba ya makerele. Pano mukhoza kupeza nsombazo, nsomba youluka , ndi ena. Kumwera Indian Ocean, ukhale nototheniids, woyera-blooded nsomba. Pano mukhoza kupeza pinnipeds ndi m'madzi zimakhala. Makamaka wolemera mu dziko organic a m'zilumba ndi chokhala alumali.