Carbonate potaziyamu

Ku asidi ofooka carbonic (pang'ono kugonjetsedwa ndi chiyenera kukhala mu njira kuchepetsa) mwa kuchita ndi alkalis ndi sing'anga acidic analandira salt ali mwinamwake otchedwa bicarbonates ndi carbonates, motero. maikwezhoni anachita akhoza kulembedwa: H2CO3 + KOH → KHCO3 + H2O ndi H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. Mu ankasinthana loyamba hydrogencarbonate potaziyamu, ndipo chachiwiri - carbonate potaziyamu. Chilinganizo asidi mchere - KHCO3, ndi chiyerekezo - K2CO3. Molar misa carbonate potaziyamu wofanana 138,2 g / Mole. Mu maonekedwe akufanana mchere woyera crystalline ufa, amene si kuyaka, chimasungunula pa 891 C, popanda kufika kuwira mfundo, mchere linawola. Potaziyamu carbonate hygroscopic, mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi: 100 ml pa 20 ° C - 110,5 ga, ndi pa 100 C - 156 ga mchere. Koma mu mowa kapena acetone, mankhwala si kupasuka.

Mu masiku akale a carbonate potassium otchedwa potashi, mawu likuchokera ku dzina la Latin «potassa». Potashi ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale mchere, omwe amadziwika kuti anthu akale. Ku Ulaya, mpaka m'ma otsiriza, potashi anali mmodzi wa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri kuti phindu malonda. Mu Russia, kwa kupanga potashi ndi Peter Wamkulu mu 1721, okhawo a unakhazikitsidwa. Panopa, dera la Chitaganya cha Russia, komanso ku Armenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan ndi mankhwala zalembedwa Interstate muyezo GOST 10690-73. Potashi anati malinga GOST 12.1.005-88 kuti lachitatu ngozi kalasi zinthu, anakumana ndi nembanemba mucous kapena khungu lonyowa amachititsa mkwiyo.

Ngati Kusakaniza wa carbonate potaziyamu ndi madzi, ndiye kwambiri kutentha pa kuvunda ake, i.e. K2CO3 hydrolysis anachita ndi exothermic, ndi pansi zochita za madzi mapangidwe zinthu zatsopano. Dibasic mchere asidi carbonic ndi hydrolyzed stepwise. Woyamba kupangidwa asidi mchere: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + KOH. Ndiye, gawo lachiwiri atuluka bwino madzi kuwonongeka kale asidi mchere: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + KOH. Popeza hydrolysis wa carbonate potaziyamu komanso michere ina ya ofooka zidulo chimaposa ndi mapangidwe ayoni hydroxyl OH-, pH njira zawo amadzimadzi nthawi zonse kuposa 7, ndi sing'anga ndi zamchere.

Potashi m'zaka 17 ku Russia chinapezeka mwa leaching nkhuni phulusa. Mu toti amatabwa anakonza njira soda, kupopera ofunda madzi phulusa. njira anali ndiye anatsanulira mu moto njerwa ndi moto nkhuni. Potaziyamu carbonate anali analimbikitsa wandiweyani kwambiri wosanjikiza pansi pa moto ndi potashi zidutswa yotengedwa namsenza mbiya, ndi clogging iwo hermetically. Amafuna luso linalake, njira anali chamunthuyo, ndi moto sanali proffer. Choncho, pantchitoyo "polivachey" adayamba kuphunzitsa ana awo, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo ntchito anaphunzira luso zina ndi kukhala katswiri wa luso lake. Mwachitsanzo: The kuyaka moto nthawi zonse anapanga woyera phulusa, mbali yaikulu ya izo - ndi potashi. Lero akuyendera ena mafakitale ndondomeko - timapemphera electrolysis wa hydroxide potaziyamu chinaperekedwa mpweya woipa: 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. The chifukwa potashi ndi madzi.

potaziyamu carbonate ntchito kupanga sopo ndi galasi. Zasayansi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati desiccant wofatsa milandu pamene nthumwi zina monga mankhwala enaake kashiamu kapena mankhwala enaake a sulphate saloledwa. Si oyenera atayanika mankhwala acidic, koma mwina ntchito kuyanika katundu organic ndi okhutira otsika zosafunika acidic. Potaziyamu carbonate ntchito kumenyana moto wa kalasi B, chifukwa amanena kuti ufa mankhwala ndipo amatha inhibiting ndi kuzima ndondomeko kuyaka. Iwo ali apamwamba dzuwa wozimitsa kuposa salt monga carbonate sodium, sulphate sodium, fluoride ndi sodium kapena carbonate ndi sodium wa hydrogen. imachita ochepetsera njira kuyaka ndi apamwamba kuposa carbonate sodium, sulphate sodium, okusayidi zotayidwa ndi kashiamu carbonate. Makampani galasi K2CO3 ntchito yopanga zasayansi (refractory), kuwala kapena potashi galasi, ndi galasi kwa kupanga glassware. Komanso, potashi kufunika mu mankhwala, ulimi, mankhwala ndi chakudya mafakitale.