Indian Ocean: lalikulu ndi Mbali

ndi m'dera la nyanja ya Indian Ocean chiyani? Dzina la madzi zikusonyeza manambala mwachilungamo lalikulu. Pomwepo muyenera kulabadira chakuti Indian Ocean waukulu tithe wachitatu mwa matupi ofanana madzi padziko lathuli. Mu gawo linafalitsidwa kwambiri pa nyanja mtunda ndi 10 zikwi makilomita. Khalidwe limeneli ndi zowoneka zikugwirizana ndi mfundo kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi Australia. Malowa ali pamtunda pakati pa maiko anayi: Antarctica, Europe ndi ku Asia, Africa ndi Australia. Nanga kodi malo Indian Ocean (mln. Km2)? chithunzi Ichi miliyoni 76,174 sq M.. Km.

Yang'anani pa mbiriyakale

Indian Ocean kumpoto mpaka ngozi m'dziko limene anthu wakale wa dziko tanthauzo ngati nyanja yaikulu kwambiri. Ndi m'madziwa, anthu anayamba wosapitirira wautali kwambiri kuposa kuyenda.

Pa mapu akale (kapena kani, mbali ya kumadzulo) otchedwa "dziko la Eritrea Sea". Ndipo ku Russia wakale amamutcha Black. M'zaka za m'ma IV anali woyamba kuonekera consonant ndi dzina pano: Chigiriki "Indikon Pelagos" - "The Sea Indian", Arabic Bar-El-Hindi - "Indian Ocean". Ndipo kale m'zaka za m'ma XVI, kunja formalize hydronym, umene akufuna ndi katswiri wa Roma.

madera

Indian Ocean, ndi m'dera lonyozeka kwa Pacific ndi Atlantic, wamng'ono ndi wotentha kwambiri kuposa malo deta. thupi ili la madzi amalandira mitsinje yambiri m'chigawo, yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Limpopo, Tigirisi, Ganges ndi Firate. Okolomaterikovye madzi nyanja turbid chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dongo ndi mchenga, amene kuwanyamula mtsinje, koma lotseguka thambo la madzi ilo n'zosadabwitsa woyera. Mu Indian Ocean zilumba zambiri. Ena mwa iwo - ndi wreckage a mu wakale. Yaikulu - Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Maldives, Seychelles ndi ena ambiri.

Zisanu ndi nyanja ndi Magombe asanu, komanso ena m'mavuto ndi Indian Ocean. m'dera lawo mamita lalikulu kuposa 11 miliyoni. Km. Wotchuka - Red (saltiest mu dziko), Mluya, Nyanja Andaman, Perisiya ndi wa Bay la Bengal.
Ocean ili pa mbale wakale tectonic, amene kusuntha mpaka tsopano. Chifukwa cha ichi, m'chigawo ndi kusefukira kwa madzi pafupipafupi ndi chiphala mapiri m'madzi.

akalozera nyengo

Indian Ocean, malo opitirira mamiliyoni 76 mamita lalikulu. Km, ili mabacteria anayi nyengo. North mtsinje beseni mukopedwe mu Africa Asian, nchifukwa chake panali kawirikawiri madzi osefukira lililonse chakum'mawa kwa nyengo. Chifukwa cha kutentha madzi usavutike bwino, kotero nyanja ndi inlets kumene kutentha kwambiri. Kum'mwera, chogwidwa ndi mphepo ya mwera kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi mpweya wake ozizira. Pakati pa mikuntho zotentha zambiri kupanga.

Lonse nyengo chitsanzo aumbike chakum'mawa - mphepo kusintha kolowera malingana ndi nyengo. awiri a iwo monga: m'chilimwe - otentha ndi mvula yozizira, ndi mofulumira kusintha kwa nyengo, nthawi zina limodzi ndi mikuntho ndi madzi osefukira.

Flora ndi zinyama

Indian Ocean, lomwe ndi lalikulu malo okwanira, ali ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi zinyama, pa mtunda ndi pa mbali madzi. Otentha wolemera zomera, amene, mosiyana ndi Pacific, muli ndi zamoyo wowala. A nambala yaikulu nkhanu, modabwitsa ndipo nyamayi. Nsomba ndi mitundu yofala oyaka, chakupha nyanja njoka, nsomba, mitundu yambiri ya nsombazo. Madzi expanses kuwona zinsomba, zisindikizo ndi anamgumiwa. Coast anasankhidwa ndi akamba chimphona ndi zisindikizo njovu.

Kuyambira zosiyanasiyana mbalame akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka albatrosses ndi frigate. Ndipo mu Africa kum'mwera pali anthu osiyanasiyana anyani. Mu madzi osaya wa miyala yamtengo wapatali kukula, nthawi zina n'kupanga zilumba lonse. Mwa machenjerero awa okongola kwa anthu ambiri a m'dera lino - urchins nyanja ndi starfish, nkhanu, thonje, nsomba matanthwe.

Monga thupi lina lililonse la madzi, nyanja ya Indian Ocean muli mitundu yambiri ya algae. Mwachitsanzo, Sargassum zimene zilipo ndi kudera Pacific. Palinso zobiriwira ndi amphamvu litotamnii ndi halimedy thandizo ngale kumanga zilumba zimenezi zili turbinarii ndi Caulerpa kupanga lonse m'madzi nkhalango. mafunde zone ndi mitengoyi osefukira osankhidwa - wandiweyani, nkhalango zonse wobiriwira.

makhalidwe Economic ya Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean lagawidwa pakati pa kumtunda ndi 28 8 Island States. Chifukwa chakuti ena mitundu chinsomba ndi limene latsala pang'ono kutha, kamodzi kwambiri kuyambira whaling malonda akubwera osaonekanso. Usodzi zimatengera chiwerengero chochepa cha chuma cha m'dera lino. Gombe la Australia, Bahrain ndi Sri Lanka opangidwa nacre ndi ngale.

Nyanja ndi yaikulu zoyendera likulu zombo m'chigawochi. Main nyanja zoyendera likulu - ndi Suez Canal, zomwe zikugwirizana Indian Ocean kwa Atlantic. Kuyambira pamenepo, njira anatsegula Europe ndi America. Zikuchitika kwambiri pa moyo ntchito ya dera ndi anaikira mu mizinda doko - Mumbai, Karachi, Durban, Colombo, Dubai ndi ena.

Chifukwa chakuti dera Indian Ocean (miliyoni km2) ndi zoposa 76, dera ali ndi kuchuluka yaikulu madipoziti mchere. Ikulu miyala ya zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi ores. Koma chuma chachikulu ndinu wolemera mafuta ndi gasi. Iwo ankaganiza makamaka mu osaya ya Persian Gulf ndi Gulf of Suez.

Mwatsoka, zochita za anthu akukhala kuopseza kukhulupirika ndi kuteteza dziko. Kudutsa nyanja ya Indian Ocean mu ambiri a mathanki yoyenda ndi zombo malonda. kuchucha aliyense, ngakhale ang'ono angathe kukhala zoopsa chifukwa dera lonse.