Kundende ndi mawu ndi kutanthauzira

Mu mbiri ya anthu, ndi kuchuluka kwake mumaganiza chikhalidwe nthawizonse zakhala magulu ena a anthu, khalidwe ndi phindu ziphunzitso sizikugwirizana mu muyezo wamba ndipo onyamula miyambo, kupitirira malamulo anavomera, koma zimakhudza anthu. The Russian yaikulu Mwachitsanzo atha kutumikira ngati ndende zosokoneza, zimene zinabweretsa moyo ambiri omvera malamulo, m'ndende, amene anapanga maziko a ambiri masiku ano slang.

Mbala jargon - amalonda chinenero wolowa

Chifukwa zigawenga, kundende ndi mbali ya chinenero cha Chirasha (Ndikufuna ife kapena ayi), iwo anadza kwa anthu ofufuza komanso zigawo zina zonse zanyengo. Kafukufuku kwambiri zodabwitsazi, asayansi chinkhoswe cha m'ma XIX ndi anapeza mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Kunapezeka kuti jargon mbala, osati ali pa ubwenzi ndi chinenero chinsinsi cha amalonda Russian, komanso mbadwa zake. Ngakhale dzina kwambiri - "Fenya" amachokera ku mawu kwathunthu wosalakwa "ofen", lomwe limatanthawuza hawker, peddler.

Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa kwa chilengedwe cha chinenero chinsinsi lagona chilakolako kubisa pa makutu kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi kuti onse okhudzidwa malonda zinsinsi - magwero a katundu, mitengo kugula, akufuna kukhazikitsa ndi zambiri. Koma apa akuyamba akwaniritse ku benchi kwa owona wamalonda phanga la achifwamba. chakuti amalonda akudzipeza okha akuitanidwira "obzetilnikami", ndipo kuti si popanda chifukwa - mneni "obzetit" m'chinenero chawo ankatanthauza kuti akasocheretse, kupusitsa. Mwachionekere, chinenero chinsinsi anatumikira ndi kugawana mfundo za kumene ndi mmene kuchita chinyengo.

"Fenja" - chizindikiro cha a dziko la mbava

Komabe, ambiri ofufuza kwambiri pakati pawo Academician DS Likhachev, maganizo kuti mwina m'ndende akanatha kukhala njira zodalirika mobisa. mbala zenizeni tikhoza kupereka tizilomboto kuposa kubisa zolinga zake. Komanso, ngakhale iye ali odzaza jargon lililonse, koma osati mochuluka monga kukhala zovuta kumvetsa ena. Iwo ukanati ankaganiza kuti cholinga cha "osalabadira" kuti unmask ndi wakuba " 'ndipo, pamodzi ndi mbali zina: unsembe wa kavalidwe, gait, zizindikiro, thupi, ndi zina zotero - kutsindika amayanjana ake kuti dziko chigawenga.

Chifukwa china chimene m'ndende slang, mawu, mawu ndi zinthu zina khalidwe la mawu sangathe ntchito chifukwa chiwembucho - kuloŵerera mosavuta ena. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito matupi yazamalamulo, mwachitsanzo anthu amene muyenera kusunga chinsinsi, kuphunzira mawu enieni mosavuta. N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa atumiki malo m'ndende ndi akaidi amene agwa mu ndende, komabe iwo samafuna dziko chigawenga. Khalani limasonyeza kuti chinenero cha akuba - chinthu choyamba monganso iliyonse sidelets latsopano.

Mawu akutulukira kuchokera nthawi

Pali maganizo olakwika kuti mmene m'ndende mbisoweka ku lotanthauzira mawu a dziko chigawenga ndipo m'malo ndi atsopano mwamsanga mtengo wawo umakhala operatives ndizodziwikiratu. Izi si choncho. Research m'dera zikusonyeza kuti mbali zambiri za jargon ndi zakhalako kwa zaka zingapo.

Wokwanira kukumbukira mawu odziwika: Loh (m'chimbulimbuli simpleton) frisk (Kufufuza), agogo (ndalama), ndi wapolisi (wapolisi), bazaar (kucheza mtsutso), ndi ena ambiri. Anthu ntchito mu masiku awa a mawu opezeka mu lofalitsidwa pamaso ulimi m'bukhu phunziro la dziko kuyan'anila za chinenero, anafuna Ofufuza ndipo amatchedwa "akuba 'slang. Mbala nyimbo. "

Anthu kulankhula - chinenero akuba maziko

Tikumbukenso, ndi chakuti m'ndende ndi mawu kwa unattractiveness ake onse achilendo zambiri ndi mizu mwa anthu. Aliyense "Urca" - kawirikawiri amadzitcha okha oimira wosanjikiza izi chikhalidwe, ndi mbadwa ya chigawo chomwe mufuna, ndipo ake "choumitsira tsitsi" samasowa mawu omwe amasonyeza mbali chinenero cha mtunda mbadwa. Mwachitsanzo, Chirasha wandikhutiritsa ndi "kumidima music," ndi mawu awa, anatengedwa kuchokera m'zilembo za m'madera osiyanasiyana Russia, monga bazlat ndi (kufuula ndi kulumbira), chiswankhono (yaing'ono, novice wakuba), Bot (slang) ndi zina zotero.

Kalikiliki pa ndondomeko ya kuloŵerera akuba chinenero mawu wowerengeka anakhala pa misa repressions Stalinist, pamene mamilioni a anthu anali mu Gulag. Nthawi imeneyi, akuba "Fenja" chinaperekedwa ku mphamvu ya chakale chosiyanasiyana m'deralo. Komanso, wakhala kuwonjezekeredwa zinthu za slang m'tawuni yosiyanasiyana ya jargon akatswiri. Ndi khalidwe limene chinenero wawachifwamba chimapirira nthawi kusintha kwakukulu, m'mawu yokha zambiri zimachitika dziko la ndiye zoweta komanso pa mlingo ndale.

Chifukwa tichotseretu chinenero chamakono la jargon

Amadziwika kuti kuchokera makumi ndi magulu m'ndende analamulidwa kukhala m'ndende nthawi yaitali oimira Boma osiyanasiyana a anthu. Mwa iwo anali anagonjetsa wamba, ogwira ntchito, anthu akale, asilikali, ansembe, ndi ena ambiri. Onse a iwo, kupeza okha kumbuyo waya waminga, mwamsanga katswiri jargon anatengera uko ndi kubweretsa izo ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mawu ake. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi imeneyi "Fenya" adscititious chifukwa kusintha ake anakhala zinenero zosiyanasiyana a akaidi onse, kaya ndi msasa.

Anthu mamiliyoni Gulag akaidi, amene anali mwayi zokwanira adzamasulidwa, anabweretsa kwa chifuniro cha jargon wakhala zaka cha mapeto a mbali ya chilankhulo chawo. Kuti ndi nambala yaikulu okamba ake anapereka ichi "wawachifwamba music," wokondwa yotakata osati analankhula, komanso chinenero mabuku a anthu ufulu.

Jargon ngati mbali ya chikhalidwe cha masiku ano

Motero, ku Soviet Union, chifukwa "njira yapadera ya chitukuko," anaonekera wapadera mu mawu ake ndi zinenero chuma m'ndende slang, mawu ndi mawu amene alibe analogues zilankhulo zina za dziko. Monga "Nsanja ya Babele" ndi osakaniza a zinenero, zikhulupiriro ndi maganizo za dziko, Gulag - tsoka lalikulu la anthu, wakhala pansi chonde kwa chilengedwe ndi kufalitsa akuba osalabadira. Pa malo ake otsegula, iye alamuka kuti ukhale ndi kale lonse.

Prison ziganizo akhala mbali ya chinenero cha Chirasha. Amadziwika kuti ophunzira ambiri, makamaka zaumunthu, ndi lomaliza m'misasa Stalinist anati m'mabuku ake kuti involuntarily anagwa mchikakamizo cha chilombo izi ndi zinthu zokongola, wakhala ndende chenicheni cha mawu otchuka. Sikulakwa iwo ananena kuti popanda mawu a mtundu uwu jargon, chodabwitsa etymology mawu ake constituent, chidziwitso cha mizu ndi zinthu, ndithudi, osauka, osati Russian kokha, komanso mbiri ya dziko, ndi chifukwa, ndi chikhalidwe ambiri.

Chiyambi cha ena mwa mawu otchuka

Kupitiriza kulankhula za ubale "wawachifwamba music," ankalankhula mawu komanso kufufuza kundende ndi tanthauzo lake, n'koyenera kukumbukira yapakati zina zotere wamba kwambiri akuti Le Cholembera (jekete) mu dziko chigawenga. etymology ake ndi chidwi kwambiri. Kamodzi chilengedwe, yosokera-malonda Ogulitsa zinatanthauza penti wamkazi mpango (zikuoneka ku mawu Asilavo lepota - kukongola). Izi phindu yomweyo anali pachiyambi ndi pa akubawo. Amadziwika kuti maola kukakamizidwa idleness sideltsy utoto mipango monga mphatso abwelele kunyumba. Koma pa nthawi, malonda awo dzina lake Marochko (kuchokera ku mawu zauve, zauve), ndipo dzina lawo zakale zapita kwa zamphepo, m'malo pamaso mawu ankakonda Clift.

mawu azithunzithunzi ena zigawenga

Tikumbukenso kuti pali ziganizo zopusa ndithu m'ndende ndi mawu. Mwachitsanzo, sazidziwa bwinobwino adzakhala mapeto akufa, namva mawu akuti "bokosi ndi nyimbo". Iwo likukhalira kuti ali kanthu ngati limba yachibadwa. Kapena pazifukwa kachipembedzo mawu akuti "guwa", ntchito ngati tebulo oweruza. Ndipo ndithu oseketsa zikuwoneka kuti ntchito maina a wotchuka French filimu wosewera Belmondo mtengo wa munthu wopusa kwambiri, kupusitsa. Nthawi zambiri, m'ndende - kusangalala ndi sinthawi inamangidwa pa maziko ntchito mawu chinenero wamba ndi kuwapatsa watsopano, nthawi zina kwathunthu zosayembekezereka tinganene kuti zimawachititsa zimaseketsa.

mizu Ayuda akuba ambiri mawu

Oddly zokwanira, koma mapangidwe 'nyimbo' ndi wowopsa "akuba ankatsatira kwambiri zilankhulo ziwiri Ayuda - Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi. Izi zinachitika chisanadze chosintha Russia chifukwa cha chilamulo cha wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha Ayuda anapanga malo awo okhala yaying'ono. Iwo sanali wosakwiya kutuluka mitundu (Pankhaniyi Ayuda) magulu upandu. mamembala awo tilankhule wina ndi mnzake mu Chiyidishi kapena Chihebri - chinenero kwathunthu zovuta kuzimvetsa kwa apolisi, chifukwa utumiki wa Ayuda sanamvere, ndipo moyenera, sichinayambe anawamasulira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawu awa zachitika yeniyeni m'ndende slang, mawu, ndi mawu amene akhoza kuzimvetsa ndi akuluakulu.

Mwachitsanzo, onse odziwika bwino mawu shakedown (Kufufuza). Izo zinachitika ku Chiheberi - Shmona (eyiti), ndipo N'zosadabwitsa. Mfundo yakuti kum'mwera kwa Russia, kumene nthawi zambiri nagona Ayuda ndi kumene iwo anali kutumikira ziganizo ku zipinda za ndende, malinga ndi ndandanda unakhazikitsidwa, pa eyiti koloko madzulo zinkafufuzidwa. Ndi ubale zamalankhulidwe pakati pa zochita za chitetezo ndi nthawi imene chifukwa amapangidwa, chabutsa chozama mu dziko la mbava mawu.

Chitsanzo china akutenga ndalama kuchokera ku Chihebri, Chiyidishi, nthawi iyi, ndi mawu fraer linachokera ku Frej (ufulu). Iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti anthu amene akhala mu ndende, ndipo analibe zinachitikira zogwirizana. Mwa njira, monga ntchito mu miyoyo yathu mawu blat (mwachitsanzo, kuti chinachake mwa kugwirizana) ndi chifukwa Chiyidishi. Bukuli lili ndi mawu Die Blatte - pepala ndi mapepala olembera makalata kapena cholembedwa. Pankhaniyi, amatanthauza zipangizo zofunika milandu kuzindikiranso munthu woyenera.

Otanthauzira akuba mawu

Monga tanena m'ndende slang - mawu ndi mawu aliwonse amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziko wachifwamba, kuti mobwerezabwereza nkhani ya kafukufuku chinenero. Izi zinayamba cha m'ma XIX otanthauzira slang patukani VI Dahl ndi ID Putilin. Komabe, funde wapadera chidwi pagulu m'munda wa zilankhulo chikwiyire kuoneka mu 1908 a dikishonale analemba ndi VF Trachtenberg - mmodzi wa cheaters wotchuka chiyambi cha m'ma XX.

wopanda khalidwe chapadera famously anagulitsa boma migodi French la Morocco, Iye analibe ubwenzi pang'ono zomwe sizinachitikepo ndinawona mu diso. Kamodzi, pambuyo ambiri ndi Zopatsa "ulemerero" mu ndende Taganka, anadzaza yopuma kusonkhanitsa chuma chake chinenerocho mbala, amene analowa ndende slang - anamasulira mawu.

Pambuyo mabuku ake zokopa panthawi zosiyanasiyana lofalitsidwa madikishonale ndi ankalemba ena, koma, ngakhale kudziwana kwambiri kungotengeka ndi iwo, iwo ankangokoperana ku chithunzi yapita ndi siginecha latsopano loperekedwa kwa wofalitsa lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, linatuluka mu makumi a Dictionary Lebedev ndi penapake zikuluzikulu kope Trachtenberg, ndi kusonkhanitsa lotsatira iye VM Popov anali kubwereza kwa ntchito Lebedev a. Kenako SM Potapov anamasulidwa dictionary wake, ndi wosiyana kuchokera m'magaziniyi Popov. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, pa nthawi iyi anaika maziko lofala kenako lexicographical plagiarism.

Mbala jargon masiku ano

Connoisseurs wa slang ano chigawenga amakhulupirira kuti lero si kuona bwino za nthawi. Malinga ndi iwo, wakhala ikuipiraipira. Chifukwa chimodzi zodabwitsazi amatchedwa chimadalira wosinthika m'ndende. Ena mwa anthu amene amapezeka kumbuyo waya waminga, anthu ambiri lumpen wa - anthu ndi mawu achikale kwambiri. Zingamvekere underdevelopment criminogenic wosanjikiza unyamata. Ambiri, anthu ambiri amakonda kunena dziko "anomie" akaidi.

mkonzi wamkulu wa "Mediazona" Sergei Smirnov, akulankhula kwa akaidi panopa, anasankha ziganizo 15 m'ndende, malinga ndi iye, amapereka lingaliro la Russia ano. Izi mobwerezabwereza lofalitsidwa chikalata anafotokoza njira, kumene kunachitika zaka zambirimbiri, Russian chigawenga slang. Kusiya pambali funso la Kudziwa za kulingalira zawo za moyo wamasiku ano, tikhoza kunena ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti ndi mfundo phraseological maganizo, izo ndithudi kumasonyeza kupitiriza mosadodometsedwa wa panopa "osalabadira" ndi chinenero cha anthu akale a malo osati kutali. O, "palibe msika"!