Mtsinje Kuma: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Kuma Mtsinje Stavropol m'mphepete limapezeka ambiri m'derali amene ali ndi mchenga. dzina mtsinje amagwirizana ndi mbali iyi. Ndi chinenero Turkic mawu "godfather" likumasuliridwa kuti "mchenga". Mbiri ya mtsinje akuyamba mu I-III zaka BC. Ngakhale mu nthawi izi, olemba mbiri onani pamaso pansi pafupi ndi dziwe madzi a odzakhala oyambirira, omwe ankachita pano mu ulimi, ulimi nyama, ntchito zamanja poyamba. Mu XI-XIII zaka mtsinje Kuma anali okonzeka Polovets mitengo; okha anthu kutchedwa "Cumans". Lero, pamodzi posungira ndi mudzi wa Mineralnye Vody, Budyonnovsk, mudzi wa Alexandria ndi Suvorov, mudzi Krasnokumskoe, Levokumskoe, asilikali Alexandrov, Arkhangelsk ndi Praskoveya. Onse pa magombe a mtsinje Kuma lero kunyumba kwa anthu pa 350,000.

Geography mtsinje

Kuma zimachokera pafupi ndi mudzi wa Upper Mara Karachay-Cherkess Republic, pa malo otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa miyala Ridge (okwera mamita 2,100). Apa, mosungiramo angatchedwe phiri mtsinje. Madzi mchere chotengera m'dera la otaya pachidikha, kumene anali kwa kuposa chete. Iwo itha Nogai steppe. Mu ndi Caspian otsika mu mzinda wa Qom mtsinje Neftekumsk m'dera lagawidwa angapo manja laling'ono, limene muyenda motsogozedwa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, koma sangafikire. Total mtsinje umayenda kamodzi mu zigawo zinayi za dziko: Republic of Dagestan, dera Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia ndi Stavropol Gawo.

Inflows

utali mtsinjewu okwana 802 Km, m'dera la beseni ake ndi 33.500 makilomita lalikulu. Mudzi Krasnokumskom (m'dera St George) mu Kumu tributary umayenda - p. Podkumok. Zimatanthauza kumanja banki utuluke zoweta. Kuti timvetse limene limafotokoza dziwe watercourse, muyenera kudziwa kumene mtsinje imaphwera mu Kuma. Ndi za Nyanja Caspian.

Komanso, kumanja kwa mtsinje kuyenderera mu nkhokwe ndi Daria Zolka. Mu kumanzere - Tomuzlovka, Karamyk yadzuwa, M'madzi Karamyk, Surkul, kuuma Buffalo, Buffalo M'madzi.

mbali

Kuma mtsinje akudyetsedwa makamaka ndi mvula ndi kusungunuka chisanu. Kuyambira kumapeto November kwa oyambirira March, iye icebound, mu March-April, ayezi chimasungunula, madzi a m'botolo. M'mbuyomu posachedwapa m'chaka izo zinajambulidwa madzi osefukira mwachilungamo mkulu, ndi madzi osefukira si zachilendo apa. Kuchokera March kuti June, pali madzi. Mu chilimwe, madzi akhoza mbakwira mamita 5.
Pachaka mowa madzi ndi 10,6 kiyubiki mamita. m, otaya pafupifupi opezeka pa kuzungulira 0,33 kiyubiki mamita. kukafika pa chaka.

Mbali A wa Kuma Mtsinje ndi madzi ake matope. Ichi ndi chifukwa zolimba mkulu okhutira. Malinga ndi magwero, pafupifupi 600 zikwi matani zinthu adzakhalanso pachaka. Zikafika chigumula ndi chigumula, chithunzi ichi kumawonjezera kwambiri. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Kuma Mtsinje ntchito makamaka ulimi wothirira wa mayiko louma derali.

Maminolo Madzi mzinda kwa otaya wakupatsani makamaka phiri khalidwe, ndi pambuyo kulowa m'dera lathyathyathya umakhala bata khalidwe.

khalidwe madzi

khalidwe madzi mu mtsinje mu uthunthu yunifolomu yake. Pa muzu, m'madera amapiri, mineralization ikusonyezedwa: kuno ndi makamaka kashiamu bicarbonate zikuchokera. Komanso m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa mchere yafupika kwambiri, pali pamaso pa sulfates. N'chifukwa chake mtsinje Kuma mu dera Stavropol ali osauka khalidwe madzi ndi approximating makhalidwe a zoipa, undrinkable.

Madamu ndi m'ngalande

Pa mtsinje pafupi ndi mudzi wa dzina yemweyo adalenga wosamasula posungira. Pambuyo mapangidwe ake turbidity utachepa kwambiri. Amapanga nyanjayi imodzi mwa malo nsomba. Choncho, chaka chonse kuti umachitika kugwira, ndi onse akatswiri ndi ankachita masewera. Pali oposa 70 ya nsomba, imene ambiri mwa gudgeon, carp, bream, Pike ndi nsomba.

Kuwonjezera posungira, awiri ngalande ulimi wothirira inamangidwa pa mtsinje Kuma - Kuma-Manych ndi Terek-Kuma. Monganso opatsirana kwa kusambira dziwe madzi mitsinje angapo (kum'mawa manych neri Al.), Kodi ndi processing, kenako umaperekedwa kwa ogula.