Chemosynthesis - mtundu wa zakudya autotrophic

Mu chikhalidwe, pali njira zingapo kupereka thupi. Akudalira pa makhalidwe a dongosolo, chitukuko ndi malo zikhalidwe za chamoyo. Chemosynthesis - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa iwo. Zamoyo zina, mmene nanga zinthu zotheka? Awa ndi mafunso ena adzayankha nkhani yathu.

autotrophs

The njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu kupereka zamoyo - ndi hetero- ndi autotrophic. Woyamba amapezeka wokonzeka kuloŵerera zakudya: mapuloteni, lipids ndi chakudya. Choncho, idyani nyama, bowa, ena mabakiteriya. Autotrophs amatha lithe zinthu organic ku zochita kupanga akamaziwononga. Gulu la zamoyo ndi zomera ndi gulu lapadera mabakiteriya.

Species ya njira autotrophic kudya ndi dzuwa ndi chemosynthesis. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi mphamvu moyo. Chemosynthesis - njira kupereka pa zimene makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala zochita kupanga. Kugwira ntchito imeneyi si onse zamoyo.

chemotroph

The ndondomeko ya chemosynthesis wotsegulira mu 1887, wotchuka Russian wasayansi S. N. Vinogradovym, ndi khalidwe la gulu linalake la prokaryotes zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Zikuphatikizapo chitsulo, sulfure ndi nitrifying mabakiteriya. Onsewo ndi zogwirizana nerganicheskie oxidize zinthu. Choncho, chitsulo asinthidwa kuchokera ku di- kuti trivalent ndi mankhwala anachita wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni. sulfide A wa hydrogen - mu mankhwala osavuta, mwachitsanzo sulfure ... Nitrifying mabakiteriya ndi zofunika makamaka mu chirengedwe.

Pa kuwonongeka ndi inali kuwola wa organic anamasulidwa ammonia. Gulu nitrifying mabakiteriya oxidize thunthu kwa asidi nitric. Kusungunuka m'madzi, nkhaniyi ndipamene mchere sungunuka. Chifukwa, zomera, woyamwa iwo kuchokera mu nthaka, olemera ndi asafe, pamaso amene ndi chikhalidwe ofunikira a dongosolo muzu. Choncho, chemosynthesis - ndi ndondomeko ya kupereka popanga zipangizo ndi magulu osiyana a zamoyo imodzi.

phototrophic

gulu lina la zamoyo autotrophic ndi zomera. Iwo ntchito yopanga zinthu organic dzuwa. Choncho, njira chakudya chawo umatchedwa phototrophic. Zimenezi zimatheka mu organelles wapadera selo - chloroplasts. Iwo ali ndi colorant - pigment chlorophyll.

Zinali iye amene akupereka mbali photosynthesis wa zamoyo autotrophic mu wobiriwira. Ndi chikhalidwe kofunika ndondomeko izi pamaso pa madzi ndi carbon dioxide, amene anamasulidwa chifukwa cha kupuma kwa zinthu zamoyo. The ndondomeko ya dzuwa n'kofunika mapulaneti tanthauzo. chakuti anapanga osati zimam'patsa shuga, ponena phototrophic monga gwero mphamvu, komanso mpweya, chifukwa cha kutayikira. Popanda m'chitidwe umenewu kwa kupuma mpweya sizotheka, choncho moyo weniweniwo.

Mosiyana chemosynthesis dzuwa

Ngakhale kuti mitundu iwiri amaonedwa pamwamba ndondomeko autotrophic njira ya kudya, ndipo chiwerengero kusiyana kwambiri.

Photosynthesis N'zosatheka magetsi. Komanso, kumachitika kokha pamaso pa maselo chloroplast lapansi. Chemosynthesis - ndondomeko imene sikuchita pamaso pa zinthu izi, koma akanika.

Akusiyana, ndi phindu kwachilengedwenso. Phototrophic amapereka zamoyo zonse ndi mpweya. Mabakiteriya anachita makope asafe, sulfure ndi zina.

kusiyana ina yofunika chifukwa chimene analandira zamoyo mwachindunji autotrophic okha. zomera photosynthesis kupanga zimam'patsa shuga. Kugwirizanitsa, mamolekyulu zinthu zofunika polysaccharide wowuma. Iye ndi kubwerera mbewu zatu. Chemotroph apanga zinthu organic satero mwachindunji, koma kudzera molekyulu wa ATP - adenosine triphosphate. mankhwala ndi mtundu wa sitolo mphamvu maselo a zinthu zamoyo. Ngati ndi kotheka, iwo linagawanika. ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu njira zingapo, mu lirilonse la kuchuluka mphamvu adzamasulidwa. Ndiponso ntchito chemotroph kwa zamoyo.

Choncho, dzuwa ndi chemosynthesis ndi mitundu njira autotrophic zakudya zinthu zamoyo, zomwe okha kutulutsa mphamvu zofunika kukula ndi chitukuko.