Maziko a ukachenjede ano magetsi - chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu

Chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu mu zomangamanga magetsi ndi maziko. Zakhala empirically anapeza kumbuyo mu 1831 ndi English sayansi Michael Faraday. Ngakhale ankadziwika kuti pakati pa wochititsa ndi maginito ili pafupi mogwirizana kumachitika. Iye akhapidziwa kuti mlandu amodzi kucheza kudzera munda magetsi, ndipo gulu lawo (panopa) akuwonetseredwa kupyolera maginito ilipodi. Komabe, chiyembekezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito zimene ankadziwazo zotsatira experimental Faraday anali yosokoneza kwambiri. Ndipotu, wasayansi amene anatulukira chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu atomu, chinali chiyambi cha ndizosowa zomangamanga ano magetsi.

Experience unali wokongola losavuta: bala okhazikika maginito n'kuyamba, ndipo asankha mu malo chapakati pakati pa ankasinthana wa koyilo lapansi. Mawuwo koyilo unali olumikizidwa kwa chipangizo kachipangizo kuona mfundo ka panopa ndi voteji.

Zakhala anaona kuti pamene kusuntha maginito galvanometer singano kumbali kusiya mfundo ziro. Ndipo kupatuka anali wamkulu, maginito anawamvera intensively kwambiri. Ngati ife kukumbukira kuti ali mizere mzati awiri ndi mphamvu kumunda, amakhala paubwenzi kwakulu pakati pa kamwazi maginito ndipo panopa anachititsa analenga.

Kuyambira panopa sangathe zokha kuwuka mu dera, ndi kwanzeru za maonekedwe a mphamvu electromotive anapangidwa (EMF), amene nawonso, amalola kulandira panopa. lamulo Faraday wa kupatsidwa ulemu amatilola amanena kuti amadza kwa wochititsa maginito osiyanasiyana mu nthawi chifukwa cha kusintha m'munda magetsi, ndipo ngati chatsekedwa dera panopa.

Chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu zinamupatsa kuti mapeto chosintha kuti chifukwa munda magetsi kungakhale mlandu komanso ndi mosiyanasiyana maginito. Kenako anakonza generalization. Choncho, malamulo Faraday ndi a kupatsidwa ulemu atomu, ananena kuti: amalenga maginito EMF mwachindunji amadalira mlingo wa kusintha kwa kamwazi maginito. Mphamvu ya panopa kwaiye ndi kuzungulira chatsekedwa kuchita masamu monga mwa chilamulo Ohm a.

Chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu ndi khalidwe osati kwa wochititsa komanso matupi chachikulu conductive. Choncho, kusintha maginito umathandiza wochititsa makulidwe (mbale zitsulo ndi zina zotero.) Zimakochezapo mafunde. Amayambitsa Kutentha zapathengo, kotero njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito kuwachotsa (mu tiransifoma mbale laminations wa zitsulo magetsi). Taonani kuti ena zipangizo, mafunde zimakochezapo ntchito (owerengera chimbale kuyankha).

Posachedwapa, mu 1833, a sayansi E. Lentz anatsogolera ulamuliro, pa maziko amene ananyenga emf umabala panopa malangizo amenewa kwa n'chongoletsa chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo: kusintha maginito induces panopa mu wochititsa lapansi. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti mwini maginito ake (amene ali pano padziko ochititsa panopa kumangopitirizabe) polimbana choyambitsa.

Chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu amaloledwa kukhala zamagetsi kuti uliri panopa. N'zovuta kupereka mndandanda wonse zida limagwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya magudumu zomera mphamvu zochokera zodabwitsazi. Komabe, kapangidwe m'badwo mphamvu kakusintha atasintha kuyambira Faraday Komabe, mfundo ambiri akanali yemweyo: mizere ya m'munda maginito intersect ndi mkulu pafupipafupi panopa windings kuchititsa, chifukwa mu mphamvu electromotive ndipo ngati chatsekedwa kuzungulira magetsi panopa. Komanso magudumu ndi Motors, kupatsidwa ulemu chodabwitsa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mu tiransifoma.