Kuphulika malire a gasi. thupi katundu wa mpweya

Pansi gasi kumvetsa lonse mpweya osakaniza amene anapanga m'chikondi cha dziko lapansi kenako anaerobic kuwonongeka kwa zinthu organic. Iye ni mmodzi wa mchere wofunika kwambiri. gasi lagona mu matumbo a dziko. Awa akhoza kukhala payekha kapena masango mpweya kapu m'munda mafuta, koma zikhoza akuimira mu mawonekedwe a hydrates gasi, crystalline boma.

katundu woopsawo

gasi amadziwika kuti pafupifupi anthu onse a m'mayiko olemera, ndipo ngakhale kusukulu, ana kuphunzira malamulo a ntchito mpweya kunyumba. Nthawiyi, mabomba gasi - sizachilendo. Koma popanda izi, pali lonse mndandanda kuwaopseza wochokera makina onga yabwino zoyendetsedwa ndi gasi.

gasi ndi poizoni. Ngakhale ethane ndi methane si chakupha maonekedwe choyeretsetsa, ndi mpweya wa machulukitsidwe wa munthu zidzamuchitikira suffocation chifukwa cha kusowa oxygen. Izi ndi owopsa usiku, akagona.

Zachiwawa Mukafuna gasi

Pokhudzana ndi mpweya, ndi zambiri ndendende ndi chigawo chake - mpweya, gasi akhoza kupanga flammable osakaniza detonating zomwe zingachititse inaphulika mkulu mphamvu ngakhale pang'ono moto gwero, monga kuthetheka kapena lawi lamoto machesi ndi Kulumikizana, makandulo. Ngati misa mpweya zachilengedwe ndi wotsika, ndiponso kutentha poyatsira sadzakhala mkulu, koma mphamvu zachiwawa zimadalira mavuto osakaniza chifukwa cha kuthamanga apamwamba mpweya mafuta zikuchokera, mphamvu zambiri kuyaka moto.

Komabe, pafupifupi aliyense kamodzi pa moyo wake anakumana ndi kutayikira gasi, wapezeka ndi fungo lake khalidwe, ndipo komabe palibe mabomba zinachitika. chakuti gasi akhoza amaphulika kokha pamene kufanana yeniyeni ndi oxygen. Pali malire m'munsi ndi chapamwamba zachiwawa.

Kamodzi akwaniritsa LEL gasi (dziko ndi 5%), i.e. ndende, okwanira kuyambitsa kuyaka anachita, kuphulika angagwe. Kuchepetsa ndende adzachotsa kuthekera poyatsira. Owonjezera chizindikiro apamwamba (15% dziko) ndi sizingatheke kuyamba kuyaka anachita, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya, kapena m'malo - oxygen.

Zachiwawa Mukafuna mafuta kumawonjezera ndi kuwonjezeka mavuto osakaniza, ndipo ngati osakaniza lili mipweya inert Mwachitsanzo asafe.

² до 12 кгс/см ² . Gasi kuthamanga mu payipi akhoza zosiyanasiyana kuchokera 0,05 kgf / masentimita ² ndi 12 kgf / masentimita ^2.

Kusiyana kuphulika ndi kuwotchedwa

Ngakhale pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti kuphulika ndi kuwotchedwa - zinthu zochepa zosiyana zoona, njira zimenezi ndi zofanana. Kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa iwo - ndi mphamvu zotani. Pa kuphulika mu chipinda kapena akachita m'dera anachita amapezeka mofulumira kwambiri. The detonation yoweyula propagates pa mtengo kangapo kuposa liwiro phokoso: kuchokera 900 mpaka 3000 m / s.

Popeza dziko ntchito mu payipi mpweya zoweta - gasi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikila poyatsira, kumakhalanso wolamulidwa ambiri.

Zolemba malire mphamvu zimatheka ndi kuphulika, ngati mpweya pano theoretically zokwanira kuyaka wathunthu. Komanso kupezeka ndi ena zikhalidwe: mpweya ndende lolingana malire poyatsira (m'munsi malire pamwamba, koma pansipa wapamwamba) ndi gwero la moto alipo.

The ndege mpweya popanda zosafunika mpweya, i.e. choposa chapamwamba malire poyatsira kulowa mpweya udzayaka lawi okhazikika, kuyaka kutsogolo propagates pa liwiro la 0,2-2,4 m / s pa kuthamanga yachibadwa mumlengalenga.

katundu mpweya

Detonation katundu kuonekera mu paraffin mndandanda chimasanduka ku dziko kuti hexane. Maselo kapangidwe ndi kulemera maselo anatsimikiza mtima wawo octeni chiwerengero: katundu detonation kugwa ndi kucheperachepera kulemera maselo, ndi octeni nambala kuchuluka.

The zikuchokera gasi chikuphatikizaponso chimasanduka. Woyamba - dziko (mankhwala chilinganizo CH _4). thupi katundu mpweya ndi motere: colorless, opepuka kuposa mpweya ndipo alibe fungo. Ndi flammable ndithu, koma losaopsa yosungirako, ngati mokwanira anamvera ndi chitetezo. Ethane (C ₂ H ₆₎ ndi colorless ndi odorless, koma pang'ono yolemera kuposa mpweya. Ndi flammable, koma si ntchito ngati mafuta.

Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ - chakupha mpweya ndi odorless angathe liquefied pa mochedwerako. Izi Mbali zothandiza limakupatsani bwinobwino osati kunyamula propane, komanso chimasiyanitsa izo kwa osakaniza chimasanduka ena.

Byuteni (C ₄ H _10): katundu thupi pafupi propane mpweya Komabe, kachulukidwe ake ndi apamwamba, ndi byuteni ndi kulemera kawiri yolemera kuposa mpweya.

bwino

Mpweya woipa (NKHA ₂₎ ndi gawo la zachilengedwe. The thupi katundu wa mafuta amadziwa, mwina, chirichonse alibe fungo, koma khalidwe wowawasa kukoma. Iwo ali nawo pa nkhani ya mpweya ndi kawopsedwe pang'ono kwambiri ndipo ndi wapadera (kupatula helium) noncombustible mpweya wapangidwa achilengedwe.

Helium (Iye) - kuwala kwambiri gasi, pambuyo haidrojeni chachiwiri ndi colorless ndi odorless. Ndi inert kwambiri ndipo sayenera wokhoza kuchita ndi chinthu chilichonse kuti alibe nawo ndondomeko kuyaka. Helium ndi otetezeka, nontoxic, pa mavuto okwera, pamodzi ndi mpweya wina inert akulowa munthu ku mkhalidwe ochititsa dzanzi.

Haidrojeni sulfide (H ₂ S) - mafuta popanda mtundu ndi fungo khalidwe la mazira owola. Olemedwa ndi poizoni kwambiri, chifukwa angayambitse olfactory mitsempha ziwalo ngakhale pa woipa otsika. Kuwonjezera malire zachiwawa cha gasi amakhudza kwambiri, kuchokera 4.5% 45%.

mipweya Similar

Pali awiri zambiri hydrocarbon pa ntchito pafupi ndi gasi, koma ziwalo zake sali m'gulu. Ethylene (C ₂ H ₄₎ - ofanana katundu ku ethane, chopezeka ndi fungo lokoma ndi amene ali colorless mpweya. Iwo ethane izo zimaonetsa kachulukidwe ang'onoang'ono ndi flammability.

(C ₂ H ₂₎ acetylene - mpweya colorless zachiwawa. Iye flammable kwambiri chimaphulika, ngati panali chidule amphamvu. Poona zimenezi acetylene oopsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zimakhala zofanana ntchito kuwotcherera.

Ntchito chimasanduka

Monga mafuta zipangizo zoweta mpweya ntchito dziko.

Propane ndi byuteni ntchito ngati nkhuni magalimoto (mwachitsanzo, wosakanizidwa) ndi liquefied propane wapatsidwa ndi opepuka.

Koma ethane kawirikawiri ntchito ngati mafuta, cholinga chake chachikulu makampani - yokonza ethylene, amene amapangidwa mu dziko lalikulu zedi, kwenikweni ndi zopangira kwa polyethylene.

Acetylene ntchito zofunika kwa makampani, akhoza kukwaniritsa kutentha kwa kuwotcherera ndi kudula zitsulo. Popeza kwambiri flammable, izo sizingakhoze ntchito nkhuni, ndi kusunga mpweya zofunika kugwilizana kwambiri ndi zinthu.

Ngakhale sulfide hydrogen ndi poizoni zedi ochepa amanena mankhwala. Izi otchedwa osambira sulfide wa hydrogen, amene ntchito zachokera katundu antiseptic wa sulphide wa hydrogen.

Waukulu zothandiza katundu helium - otsika kachulukidwe ake. Izi mpweya inert ntchito pamene zouluka pa balloons ndi airships, zouluka iwo kudzaza balloons, otchuka pakati pa ana. Kutupa gasi sangakhale: Iye sali anayatsa, kotero popanda kuopa kutentha izo ndi moto lotseguka. Haidrojeni coterminous ndi helium mu tebulo nthawi, mosavuta, koma ndi flammable. Helium ndi mpweya yekha popanda zolimba m'mikhalidwe iliyonse.

Terms of ntchito mpweya mu nyumba

Aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo gasi, ayenera kukumana ndi maphunziro chitetezo. Lamulo loyamba - kuti kuyan'ana Kutukula zipangizo, nthawi fufuzani m'chumunicho kusodza ndipo ngati anapereka kwa zosangalatsa mankhwala kuyaka mu chipangizo chamagetsi lapansi. Pambuyo kuzimitsa chipangizo chamagetsi mpweya mavavu ayenera kutsekedwa ndi kutseka vavu pa thankiyo, ngati pali. Ngati mwadzidzidzi linasokonekera kotunga mpweya kuwatcha mpweya katundu ayenera yomweyo pamene kusaka.

Ngati mu nyumba kapena chipinda china fungo mpweya, muyenera yomweyo kusiya iliyonse anali kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zikuphatikizapo zipangizo, kutsegula zenera kapena zenera kwa mpweya, kenako kusiya malo ndi kuitana misonkhano mwadzidzidzi (telefoni 04).

Terms of ntchito mpweya wa panyumba ndi wofunika kuyichita, chifukwa wonongeka pang'ono kungachititse kuti mavuto adzaoneni.